Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger P. Aidoo ◽  
Nathalie De Clercq ◽  
Emmanuel O. Afoakwa ◽  
Koen Dewettinck
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Processing Conditions

scholarly journals Scalable 18F Processing Conditions for Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination Chemistry Facilitate "Design of Experiments" (DoE) Optimization Studies and Afford an Improved Synthesis of [18F]Olaparib.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Bowden ◽  
Nantanat Chailanggar ◽  
Bernd J. Pichler ◽  
Andreas Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Activity Yield ◽  
Radiochemical Yields ◽  
Parp 1 ◽  
18F Fluoride

A convenient, scalable, and azeotropic drying free method for processing [18F]fluoride as base free<br>[18F]TBAF is reported and applied to copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) radiosyntheses. A central<br>feature of this method is that a single production of [18F]TBAF can be divided into small aliquots that can be<br>used to perform multiple small-scale reactions in DoE optimization studies. The results of these studies can<br>then be reliably translated to full batch tracer productions using automated synthesizers. This processing<br>technique was successfully applied to the manual DoE optimization, DoE study validation, and subsequent<br>full-batch automation of the PARP-1 tracer [18F]olaparib. After DoE optimization, we were able to produce<br>[18F]olaparib in high radiochemical yields via both manual (%RCY (CMRF step only) = 78 ± 6 %, n = 4) and<br>automated (up to 80% radiochemical yield (%RCY); 41% activity yield (%AY)) radiosynthesis procedures.<br>This work further demonstrates the power of the DoE approach for improving the radiochemical yields and<br>radiosynthesis performance of clinically relevant tracer productions

A Study of Debris Flow Behaviors According to Rheometer Properties: Focused on the Hwangnyeong Mt. and Umyeon Mt.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
Dae-Ho Yun ◽  
Yun-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Runout Distance ◽  
Two Samples

&lt;p&gt;A debris flow, a mass movement of soil and water mixture, is generally occurred by heavy rainfall during the rainy season in Korea. Because of climate change, the amount and frequency of rainfall has continually increased these days. Populated areas located in debris flow-prone mountainous areas are commonly subject to debris flow hazards. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the debris flow behavior for the hazard mitigation. In this study, for two samples from Hwangnyeong Mt. and Umyeon Mt. in Korea, the vane-type rheometer test were performed to estimate the rheological property such as viscosity and yield stress and small-scale flume experiment was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of debris flow behaviors such as front velocity, runout distance and deposition volume. From the experimental results, rheological properties decrease with decreasing volumetric sediment concentration, and debris flow behavior gradually increased with decreasing rheological properties in the experiment. Additionally, in case of Hwangnyeong Mt. which has a high silt and clay fraction, the experimental results show that the amount of the front velocity, runout distance and deposition volume tend to increase higher than Umyeon Mt. as viscosity and yield stress decreased.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Novel Mechanical Characterization of Austenite and Ferrite Phases within Duplex Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Hossein Besharatloo ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
José-María Cabrera ◽  
Antonio Manuel Mateo ◽  
Gemma Fargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Interphase Boundaries

The microstructure and micromechanical properties of the constitutive phases of a particular duplex stainless steel in various processing conditions have been characterized. Hardness (H), elastic modulus (E) and H/E cartography maps were obtained by using a high-speed nanoindentation mapping technique. Small-scale H and E evolution at different processing conditions has been investigated by statistical analysis of a large number of nanoindentations (10,000 imprints per sample). Two mechanically distinct phases, ferrite (α) and austenite (γ), were deconvoluted from this dataset using Ulm and Constantinides’ method, with the remaining values assigned to a third mechanical phase linked to composite-like (containing α/γ interphase boundaries) regions. These mechanical property phase assessments were supplemented by overlaying crystallographic phase maps obtained by electron backscattered diffraction. An excellent correlation between microstructure and small-scale mechanical properties was achieved, especially when considering the ratio H/E.

scholarly journals Effects of processing conditions on the texture and rheological properties of model acid gels and cream cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 6762-6775 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brighenti ◽  
S. Govindasamy-Lucey ◽  
J.J. Jaeggi ◽  
M.E. Johnson ◽  
J.A. Lucey
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Cream Cheese

scholarly journals Influence of processing conditions on rheological properties of aqueous extract chia (Salvia hispanica L.) mucilage

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
N. Hussain ◽  
I. Ishak ◽  
R. Sulaiman ◽  
N.M. Fauzi ◽  
R. Coorey
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Water Holding

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of soaking temperature (25 and 80° C) and different processing conditions on the rheological properties of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) mucilage. In this study, chia mucilage was first extracted using a ratio of seed to water at 1:10 for 4 hrs for control (25°C) and treated mucilage (80°C). Both extracted mucilage were evaluated in terms of yield, color, solubility, and water holding capacity. Then, the mucilage were subjected to different processing conditions including temperatures (5, 25, 45, and 65°C), pH (3, 5, 7, 9), sucrose concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40%), and salts (NaCl and KCl from 0 to 0.172 M; CaCl2 and MgCl2 from 0 to 0.049 M) to determine their rheological properties. Results show that high extraction temperature (80°C) significantly affected the mucilage yield higher than control. However, lightness (L*), solubility and water holding capacity of the treated sample were lower compared to control. Apparent viscosity of the 3% of mucilage for both extracts increases with temperatures and sucrose concentration. The high apparent viscosity of the treated mucilage at MgCl2 (0.049 M) and CaCl2 (0.049 M) concentration were found higher than 0.01 M. Meanwhile, NaCl (>0.069 M), KCl (>0.035 M), and CaCl2 (<0.03 M) had decreased the apparent viscosity value of the control sample. Thus, the treated mucilage could be suitable for application as a thickening agent in food.

A Micromechanics-based Multiscale Approach toward Continental Deformation and Tectonic Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy (Xi) Lu ◽  
Dazhi Jiang ◽  
Adam Beall ◽  
Ake Fagereng
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heterogeneous Rock

&lt;p&gt;The Earth&amp;#8217;s lithosphere has abundant structures and fabrics generated by various tectonic processes. These geological features span a wide range of characteristic lengths, from crystal lattice spacing to the dimensions of lithospheric plates. Using field observations of exhumed geological features, we aim to understand the rheological behaviour of Earth&amp;#8217;s lithosphere. However, our direct field and laboratory observations are limited to the most accessible scales, typically from outcrops to microscopes. There is therefore a significant intrinsic scale gap between direct observations and the tectonic processes operating along plate boundaries. A micromechanics-based Multi-order Power-Law Approach (MOPLA) has been developed to bridge this scale gap. MOPLA treats the heterogeneous rock mass as a continuum of rheologically distinct elements. The rheological properties and the strain rate and stress fields of the constituent elements and the composite material are computed by solving partitioning and homogenization equations self-consistently. The partitioned &amp;#8216;local&amp;#8217; fields in individual elements are related to small-scale geological features. The &amp;#8216;bulk&amp;#8217; fields and the homogenized rheological properties are associated with tectonic processes and the macroscopic behaviour of the heterogeneous rock mass. The algorithm of MOPLA is implemented in a MATLAB package and has been successfully applied to various studies on multiscale deformation in the lithosphere. In this work, we will introduce this multiscale approach and also briefly introduce our ongoing work on characterising the rheological behaviour of a heterogeneous subduction shear zone using MOPLA.&lt;/p&gt;

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