Relationship between dietary energy density and dietary quality in overweight young children: a cross-sectional analysis

Abstract Objective: To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4.8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income. Setting: Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012. Participants: Participants aged 45–84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567). Results: Median HEI (out of 100) was 59 at baseline and 62 at follow-up. Cross-sectional analysis found residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest ranked quartile) was associated with 52% higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, odds ratio [OR]:1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.98) and 3% higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile<54, OR:1.03,CI:1.01-1.06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional analysis found 34% higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR:1.34,CI:1.12-1.61); and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥1 times/week) was associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR:1.21,CI:1.00-1.46). Conclusions: Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.

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Is eating home-prepared food a necessary condition for high dietary quality? Cross-sectional analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey, 2008–16

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32870-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 392 ◽

pp. S18

Author(s):

Chloe Clifford Astbury ◽

Tarra L Penney ◽

Jean Adams

Keyword(s):

Dietary Quality ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

The Uk ◽

Prepared Food ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Debunking the High Cost of Healthy Diets: Consumer Behavior Predicts Dietary Energy Density in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117120970123 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089011712097012

Author(s):

Jacqueline A. Vernarelli ◽

Rebecca DiSarro

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Energy Density ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Dietary Energy Density ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: Dietary energy density (ED; kcal/g) is an established marker for diet quality and a risk factor for obesity. Previous studies have suggested that low-ED diets cost more than high-ED diets, adding an economic contribution to the obesity epidemic. This study evaluated the relationship between consumer behavior (money spent on food) and dietary energy density in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Design, Setting and Subjects: Data from 10,622 adult participants in the 2013-2016 NHANES were used for this study. The NHANES is a large cross-sectional survey conducted by the CDC and NCHS. Measures: Consumer behavior was evaluated by examining total dollars spent on food, as well as dollars spent at various categories of food stores & restaurants. Dietary ED was calculated using multiple methods. Analysis: Multivariate regression models were then used to evaluate the relationship between consumer behavior, defined as money spent in four categories (groceries, take-out, dining out, other food purchases) and dietary energy density. Results: Low-ED diets did not cost more than high-ED diets overall, though low-ED diets contained more servings of fruits (1.6 vs 0.4), vegetables (2.2 vs 0.9) and fiber (21 vs 13g), and fewer added sugars (15 vs. 18 tsp), solid fats (28 vs 39g), all p’s < 0.01. Differences in spending patterns were identified. A positive linear trend between money spent on fast food/takeout and dietary energy density (p < 0.001) was observed. Additionally, individuals in the lowest quartile of ED spent more at grocery stores per person than individuals in the highest quartile of ED ($182 vs. $150 p = 0.04). Conclusion: Spending pattern and consumer choices are associated with dietary ED in this cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative population sample. Identifying eating behaviors associated with diets high in energy density may inform future investigations that intervene on dietary habit for promotion of healthy eating and prevention of weight gain.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication therapy and risk of acquiring Aspergillus in young children with cystic fibrosis

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211548 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 740-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sabariah Noor Harun ◽

Nicholas H G Holford ◽

Keith Grimwood ◽

Claire E Wainwright ◽

Stefanie Hennig

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Young Children ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Eradication Therapy ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sectional Analysis

BackgroundWhile Aspergillus detection rates in adults, adolescents and older children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have increased, the risk of acquiring this fungal pathogen in young children is unknown.AimTo determine the risk and explanatory factors of acquiring Aspergillus in children with CF by age 5 years.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of clinical, bronchoalveolar lavage and treatment data from the Australasian Cystic Fibrosis Bronchoalveolar Lavage study was used to identify predictive factors for detecting Aspergillus at age 5 years. A parametric repeated time-to-event model quantitatively described the risk and factors associated with acquiring Aspergillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from birth until age 5 years.ResultsCross-sectional analysis found that the number of P. aeruginosa eradication courses increased the odds of detecting Aspergillus at age 5 years (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.12). The median (IQR) age for the first P. aeruginosa positive culture was 2.38 (1.32–3.79) years and 3.69 (1.68–4.74) years for the first Aspergillus positive culture. The risk of P. aeruginosa and Aspergillus events changes with time after the first year of study entry. It also decreases for P. aeruginosa after completing P. aeruginosa eradication (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.79), but increases for Aspergillus events (HR 2.75, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.41). The risk of acquiring both types of events increases after having had a previous event.ConclusionIn young children with CF, completing P. aeruginosa eradication therapy and previous Aspergillus events are associated with increased risk of acquiring Aspergillus.

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Dietary energy density as a marker of dietary quality in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2009.160 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 356-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

E Patterson ◽

J Wärnberg ◽

E Poortvliet ◽

J M Kearney ◽

M Sjöström

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Heart Study ◽

European Youth Heart Study ◽

Dietary Energy Density ◽

European Youth

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Energy density of the diets of Japanese adults in relation to food and nutrient intake and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional analysis from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516004451 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kentaro Murakami ◽

M. Barbara E. Livingstone ◽

Hitomi Okubo ◽

Satoshi Sasaki

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Japanese Adults ◽

Food And Nutrient Intake ◽

Dietary Energy Density

AbstractThe associations of dietary energy density with dietary intake and obesity have been largely unexplored in non-Western populations. The present cross-sectional study examined the associations using data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Dietary intake was assessed using a 1-d semi-weighed dietary record in 15 618 Japanese adults aged ≥20 years. Mean dietary energy density (calculated on the basis of foods only) was 5·98 (sd 1·20) kJ/g in men and 5·72 (sd 1·16) kJ/g in women. Dietary energy density was positively associated with intakes of bread, noodles (only men), meat, fats and oils, and sugar and confectionery but inversely with intakes of white rice (only men), potatoes, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and fish and shellfish. For nutrient intake, dietary energy density was positively associated with total fat and SFA but inversely associated with all other nutrients examined such as protein, carbohydrate, alcohol (only women), dietary fibre, and several vitamins and minerals, including Na. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary energy density was positively associated with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm) in women (adjusted prevalence ratio between the extreme tertiles 1·07; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·12; Pfor trend=0·003). Dietary energy density was also positively but non-significantly associated with general obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2) in women (Pfor trend=0·08). There were no such associations in men. In conclusion, lower energy density of the diets of Japanese adults was associated with favourable food and nutrient intake patterns, except for higher Na, and, in only women, a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity.

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Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Its Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Diet Quality in a Representative Sample of French Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 682

Author(s):

Giovanna Calixto Andrade ◽

Chantal Julia ◽

Valérie Deschamps ◽

Bernard Srour ◽

Serge Hercberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Processed Food ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Energy Density

The present study aims to describe ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in a representative sample of French adults and to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and socioeconomic characteristics and nutritional profile of the diet. This is a cross-sectional study using food consumption data from the Étude Nationale Nutrition Santé (ENNS), conducted with 2642 participants (18–74 years old), between February 2006 and March 2007 in France. Dietary data were collected through three 24-h dietary recalls. All food and beverages were classified according to the NOVA classification. The energy contribution of NOVA food groups to total energy intake was presented by categories of sociodemographic characteristics. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the percentage of UPF in the diet with nutritional indicators. The mean daily energy consumption of the adult French population was 2111 kcal, of which 31.1% came from UPF. This percentage was higher among younger individuals, and in the urban area, and lower among individuals with incomplete high school and individuals who were retired. The consumption of UPF was positively associated with the dietary energy density and the dietary contents of total carbohydrates, free sugar, and total and saturated fat, as well as with inadequate dietary energy density, saturated fat, free sugar, and fiber intakes.

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The Association of Dietary Energy Density and Body Composition Components in a Sample of Iranian Adults

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.751148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Bazshahi ◽

Sanaz Pourreza ◽

Hossein Imani ◽

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Density ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Strong Association ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Dietary Energy Density

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between the energy density (ED) of diet and body composition components in Iranian adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 267 adults in Tehran. We obtained ED (kcal/g) using the two most common methods: ED1, ED from foods only with the exclusion of all beverages and ED2, from foods and all beverages. Body composition was measured using a multifrequency bio-impedance analysis. To find a strong association, we used both the linear and binary regression analysis in the three adjusted models.Results: The mean of ED1 and ED2 was 1.34 ± 0.23 and 0.89 ± 0.20 kcal/g, respectively. Increasing the ED of diet in both methods was associated with a high intake of dietary fat, of saturated fatty acid (SFA), of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), of oleic and linoleic acids, accompanied by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and some vitamins and minerals. There was a significant positive relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI) and ED1 (β = 4.44, p = 0.02). However, we found no significant association between the consumption of ED1 and fat mass index (FMI) (0.28; 95% CI 0.08, 0.98; p = 0.07), and abdominal obesity (0.91; 95% CI 0.43, 1.94; p = 0.82). Also, ED2 had no association with FMI (0.86; 95% CI 0.26, 2.80; p = 0.81) and abdominal obesity (0.78; 95% CI 0.35, 1.72; p = 0.54). No significant associations were found between ED and other anthropometric indices and body composition components after considering the confounders.Conclusion: This study supports the positive association between ED and poor dietary quality. However, our findings did not show significant associations of dietary energy density (DED) with anthropometric indices and body composition components. Further well-designed studies are required to investigate the exact link between DED and body composition.

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