Local embeddedness and training intensity: The mobility constraints perspective

Exercise prescription based on exercise test results is complicated by the need to downregulate the absolute training intensity to account for cardiovascular drift in order to achieve a desired internal training load. We tested a recently developed generalized model to perform this downregulation using metabolic equivalents (METs) during exercise testing and training. A total of 20 healthy volunteers performed an exercise test to define the METs at 60, 70, and 80% of the heart rate (HR) reserve and then performed randomly ordered 30 min training bouts at absolute intensities predicted by the model to achieve these levels of training intensity. The training HR at 60 and 70% HR reserve, but not 80%, was significantly less than predicted from the exercise test, although the differences were small. None of the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values during training were significantly different than predicted. There was a strong overall correlation between predicted and observed HR (r = 0.88) and RPE (r = 0.52), with 92% of HR values within ±10 bpm and 74% of RPE values within ±1 au. We conclude that the generalized functional translation model is generally adequate to allow the generation of early absolute training loads that lead to desired internal training loads.

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The reasons of dropout of sport in Hong Kong school athletes

Health Psychology Research ◽

10.4081/hpr.2017.6766 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul-Rahman Hassan ◽

Michael Huen Sum Lam ◽

Susanna Ku ◽

William Ho Cheung Li ◽

Ka Yiu Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Parental Influence ◽

Social Value ◽

Previous Experience ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Sport Training ◽

Health Domains ◽

And Training

Dropout of sport is an issue in sport and public health domains. The aim of this study was to identify the potential dropout reasons of school athletes and to examine if their perception of dropout was affected by the previous dropout experience. There were 50 subjects who were divided into two groups based on their previous dropout experience (Dropout Group=22, No Dropout Group=28). They filled a questionnaire about potential dropout reasons of the current sport. Coach and teammates were two predominated reasons of dropout; Influence of parent and training seemed to affect the termination of the sport to a lesser extent. Moreover, the perception of social value and lost focus were significantly different between two groups. Character of coach and teammates affect the engagement of training in school athletes. However, the parental influence had less influence than expected. Training intensity played little role as the dropout reason. Previous experience of dropout had an impact of potential dropout reasons on their current sport training.

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Effect of training on plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations measured before and following intense exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep150028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.G. Fonseca ◽

D.A. Kenny ◽

B.A. McGivney ◽

B.A. Murphy ◽

E.W. Hill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Venous Blood ◽

White Blood Count ◽

Training Intensity ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽

Sampling Points ◽

And Performance ◽

Response To Exercise ◽

And Training

Exercise in horses induces neutrophil degranulation and subsequent increases in plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations (MPO). It is not known whether this response is affected by training or the sampling time in relation to exercise. Our objective was to evaluate plasma MPO concentration at different time points in response to exercise in Thoroughbreds before and following high-intensity training and to evaluate relationships between plasma MPO concentration, physiological measurements and performance. Throughbred racehorses in active training and racing (n=26) performed an exercise test on a high-speed treadmill at least once at the beginning (first three months), middle (second three months) or end (last three months) of a nine month training period with training intensity (number of fast work sessions) collated for each period. Heart rate, speed and distance were recorded and venous blood collected before (T0), during and up to maximal speed (TVmax), 5 min (T5min) and 4 h (T4h) following exercise for measurement of plasma lactate, serum creatine kinase concentration, plasma MPO concentration, white blood count (WBC), neutrophil count (Neut), lymphocyte count and neutrophil percentage (%Neut). WBC increased above T0 values at all sampling points with no training effect. Neut and %Neut increased above T0 values at T4h, while values at TVmax, T5min and T4h increased as training duration increased. Plasma MPO concentration increased above T0 values at all sampling points in response to exercise with all values increasing as training duration increased. Training intensity did not affect any of the measurements, correlations were not identified between any of the biological markers including MPO and physiological and training measurements and no differences were identified between elite versus non-elite horses. It was concluded that plasma MPO concentration is affected by exercise and training duration, and that further investigation of plasma MPO as an assessor of fitness and readiness for competition is warranted.

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Difficulty and Scenario Adaptation

Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration - Serious Games for Healthcare ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1903-6.ch006 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 107-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nadia Hocine ◽

Abdelkader Gouaïch

Keyword(s):

Training Needs ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽

Therapeutic Game ◽

And Training

Post-stroke therapeutic games are considered to be a promising rehabilitation tool since they can enhance the rehabilitation outcomes by creating a motivating environment. A therapeutic game could provide a personalized rehabilitation session in which the training intensity, duration, and challenges could be adapted to patient’s abilities and training needs. This chapter presents a generic adaptation approach that aims to customize the therapeutic game’s experience. The objective is to provide the readers with a design steering method that takes into account practical issues related to the adaptation of post-stroke therapeutic games.

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Three Norwegian brothers all European 1500 m champions: What is the secret?

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/1747954119872321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 694-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leif I Tjelta

Keyword(s):

Family Support ◽

Anaerobic Threshold ◽

High Volume ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Training Environment ◽

Physically Active ◽

Preparation Period ◽

Performance Development ◽

And Training

The aim of this study was to analyse the performance development and training structure of three Norwegian brothers, HI, FI and JI who are all European 1500 m champions, and to examine to what extent training, environment and family support has been decisive in their development. Their performance development and training from the age of 13 was examined through analysis of the Norwegian Athletic Federation (Norges Friidrettsforbund) all-time best results for boys in 800 m and 1500 m; analysis of training diaries; observation of training sessions; and dialogue with the three runners, their father and coach and their mother. All three were very physically active from a young age, and they have taken part in different sports. In the preparation period leading up to the 2018 and 2019 seasons, these three athletes ran an average of 140–160 km·week–1, with 23–25% at and above anaerobic threshold pace. Training intensity was monitored and controlled via blood lactate measurements taken during all interval sessions. Throughout childhood and adolescence, the boys were highly motivated and strongly encouraged to take part in sport and training by their close family. All the three were coached by their father. An active childhood, a gradual progression in training volume, strong family support, mental toughness, a high volume of training at and above anaerobic threshold, and mindful monitoring and regulation of training intensity have brought these brothers to a top international level in distance running.

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Heart-Rate Variability and Training-Intensity Distribution in Elite Rowers

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2013-0497 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1026-1032 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Daniel J. Plews ◽

Paul B. Laursen ◽

Andrew E. Kilding ◽

Martin Buchheit

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Intensity Distribution ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Training Time ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Elite Rowers ◽

And Training ◽

Intensity Training

Purpose:Elite endurance athletes may train in a polarized fashion, such that their training-intensity distribution preserves autonomic balance. However, field data supporting this are limited.Methods:The authors examined the relationship between heart-rate variability and training-intensity distribution in 9 elite rowers during the 26-wk build-up to the 2012 Olympic Games (2 won gold and 2 won bronze medals). Weekly averaged log-transformed square root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R-R intervals (Ln rMSSD) was examined, with respect to changes in total training time (TTT) and training time below the first lactate threshold (>LT1), above the second lactate threshold (LT2), and between LT1 and LT2 (LT1–LT2).Results:After substantial increases in training time in a particular training zone or load, standardized changes in Ln rMSSD were +0.13 (unclear) for TTT, +0.20 (51% chance increase) for time >LT1, –0.02 (trivial) for time LT1–LT2, and –0.20 (53% chance decrease) for time >LT2. Correlations (±90% confidence limits) for Ln rMSSD were small vs TTT (r = .37 ± .80), moderate vs time >LT1 (r = .43 ± .10), unclear vs LT1–LT2 (r = .01 ± .17), and small vs >LT2 (r = –.22 ± .50).Conclusion:These data provide supportive rationale for the polarized model of training, showing that training phases with increased time spent at high intensity suppress parasympathetic activity, while low-intensity training preserves and increases it. As such, periodized low-intensity training may be beneficial for optimal training programming.

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