Effect of training on plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations measured before and following intense exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Fonseca ◽  
D.A. Kenny ◽  
B.A. McGivney ◽  
B.A. Murphy ◽  
E.W. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
And Training

Exercise in horses induces neutrophil degranulation and subsequent increases in plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations (MPO). It is not known whether this response is affected by training or the sampling time in relation to exercise. Our objective was to evaluate plasma MPO concentration at different time points in response to exercise in Thoroughbreds before and following high-intensity training and to evaluate relationships between plasma MPO concentration, physiological measurements and performance. Throughbred racehorses in active training and racing (n=26) performed an exercise test on a high-speed treadmill at least once at the beginning (first three months), middle (second three months) or end (last three months) of a nine month training period with training intensity (number of fast work sessions) collated for each period. Heart rate, speed and distance were recorded and venous blood collected before (T0), during and up to maximal speed (TVmax), 5 min (T5min) and 4 h (T4h) following exercise for measurement of plasma lactate, serum creatine kinase concentration, plasma MPO concentration, white blood count (WBC), neutrophil count (Neut), lymphocyte count and neutrophil percentage (%Neut). WBC increased above T0 values at all sampling points with no training effect. Neut and %Neut increased above T0 values at T4h, while values at TVmax, T5min and T4h increased as training duration increased. Plasma MPO concentration increased above T0 values at all sampling points in response to exercise with all values increasing as training duration increased. Training intensity did not affect any of the measurements, correlations were not identified between any of the biological markers including MPO and physiological and training measurements and no differences were identified between elite versus non-elite horses. It was concluded that plasma MPO concentration is affected by exercise and training duration, and that further investigation of plasma MPO as an assessor of fitness and readiness for competition is warranted.

scholarly journals Spatially Resolved Experimental Modal Analysis on High-Speed Composite Rotors Using a Non-Contact, Non-Rotating Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4705
Author(s):  
Julian Lich ◽  
Tino Wollmann ◽  
Angelos Filippatos ◽  
Maik Gude ◽  
Juergen Czarske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Vibration Responses ◽  
And Performance

Due to their lightweight properties, fiber-reinforced composites are well suited for large and fast rotating structures, such as fan blades in turbomachines. To investigate rotor safety and performance, in situ measurements of the structural dynamic behaviour must be performed during rotating conditions. An approach to measuring spatially resolved vibration responses of a rotating structure with a non-contact, non-rotating sensor is investigated here. The resulting spectra can be assigned to specific locations on the structure and have similar properties to the spectra measured with co-rotating sensors, such as strain gauges. The sampling frequency is increased by performing consecutive measurements with a constant excitation function and varying time delays. The method allows for a paradigm shift to unambiguous identification of natural frequencies and mode shapes with arbitrary rotor shapes and excitation functions without the need for co-rotating sensors. Deflection measurements on a glass fiber-reinforced polymer disk were performed with a diffraction grating-based sensor system at 40 measurement points with an uncertainty below 15 μrad and a commercial triangulation sensor at 200 measurement points at surface speeds up to 300 m/s. A rotation-induced increase of two natural frequencies was measured, and their mode shapes were derived at the corresponding rotational speeds. A strain gauge was used for validation.

scholarly journals Pacing in Time-Limited Ultramarathons from 6 to 24 Hours—The Aspects of Age, Sex and Performance Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Hagen Deusch ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
And Training ◽  
Age And Sex

(1) Background: Compared with marathon races, pacing in time-limited ultramarathons has only been poorly discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyze the interaction of performance level, age and sex with pacing during 6 h, 12 h or 24 h time-limited ultramarathons. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 937, age 48.62 ± 11.80 years) were the finishers in 6 h (n = 40, 17 women and 23 men), 12 h (n = 232, 77 women and 155 men) and 24 h (n = 665, 166 women and 409 men) ultramarathons. The coefficient of variation (CV), calculated as SD/mean, was used to described pacing. Low scores of CV denoted a more even pacing, and vice versa. A two-way analysis of variance examined the main effects and interactions of sex and race duration on age, race speed and pacing. (3) Results: More men participated in the longer race distances than in the shorter ones and men were older and faster than women. Comparing the 6 h, 12 h and 24 h races, the finishers in the 6 h were the fastest, the finishers in the 12 h were the oldest and the finishers in the 24 h showed the most variable pacing. Furthermore, the faster running speed in the 12 h (women, r = −0.64; men, r = −0.49, p < 0.001) and the 24 h (r = −0.47 in women and men, p < 0.001) was related to less variable pacing. (4) Conclusions: These data might help runners and coaches to choose the the proper duration of a race and training programs for their athletes.

scholarly journals Research on Distance Transform and Neural Network Lidar Information Sampling Classification-Based Semantic Segmentation of 2D Indoor Room Maps

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Zhizhao Duan ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guodong Lu ◽  
Shengjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Distance Transform ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Information Sampling

Semantic segmentation of room maps is an essential issue in mobile robots’ execution of tasks. In this work, a new approach to obtain the semantic labels of 2D lidar room maps by combining distance transform watershed-based pre-segmentation and a skillfully designed neural network lidar information sampling classification is proposed. In order to label the room maps with high efficiency, high precision and high speed, we have designed a low-power and high-performance method, which can be deployed on low computing power Raspberry Pi devices. In the training stage, a lidar is simulated to collect the lidar detection line maps of each point in the manually labelled map, and then we use these line maps and the corresponding labels to train the designed neural network. In the testing stage, the new map is first pre-segmented into simple cells with the distance transformation watershed method, then we classify the lidar detection line maps with the trained neural network. The optimized areas of sparse sampling points are proposed by using the result of distance transform generated in the pre-segmentation process to prevent the sampling points selected in the boundary regions from influencing the results of semantic labeling. A prototype mobile robot was developed to verify the proposed method, the feasibility, validity, robustness and high efficiency were verified by a series of tests. The proposed method achieved higher scores in its recall, precision. Specifically, the mean recall is 0.965, and mean precision is 0.943.

scholarly journals Cultivating the Ethical Repertoires of Behavior Analysts: Prevention of Common Violations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa N. Britton ◽  
Amy A. Crye ◽  
Linda K. Haymes
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analyst ◽  
Ethical Culture ◽  
Behavior Analyst Certification Board ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Supervision And Training ◽  
And Training

AbstractViolations of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts occur despite coursework, supervision, and training. In this discussion, we highlight the most common violation categories identified: (a) improper or inadequate supervision/delegation, (b) failure to report/respond to the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) as required, and (c) professionalism/integrity. The specific areas addressed under supervision/delegation involve behavior analysts’ standards and performance as supervisors, as well as compliance with coursework. For failure to report, the focus is on responding, reporting, and providing updated information to the BACB in a timely manner. Finally, the section on professionalism and integrity addresses multiple code elements, including integrity, professionalism, and scientific relationships, as well as methods for promoting an ethical culture and decisions involving ethical violations by others. Importantly, we provide guidance on the structure and organization of supervision, methods and guidelines regarding reporting, and rubrics to shape and evaluate professionalism and integrity. We provide recommendations for the supervision process and for practitioners from the organizational perspective so that the organization supports and promotes an ethical culture.

scholarly journals Functional Translation of Exercise Responses from Exercise Testing to Exercise Training: The Test of a Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Tristan Tyrrell ◽  
Jessica Pavlock ◽  
Susan Bramwell ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Scott T. Doberstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
And Training

Exercise prescription based on exercise test results is complicated by the need to downregulate the absolute training intensity to account for cardiovascular drift in order to achieve a desired internal training load. We tested a recently developed generalized model to perform this downregulation using metabolic equivalents (METs) during exercise testing and training. A total of 20 healthy volunteers performed an exercise test to define the METs at 60, 70, and 80% of the heart rate (HR) reserve and then performed randomly ordered 30 min training bouts at absolute intensities predicted by the model to achieve these levels of training intensity. The training HR at 60 and 70% HR reserve, but not 80%, was significantly less than predicted from the exercise test, although the differences were small. None of the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values during training were significantly different than predicted. There was a strong overall correlation between predicted and observed HR (r = 0.88) and RPE (r = 0.52), with 92% of HR values within ±10 bpm and 74% of RPE values within ±1 au. We conclude that the generalized functional translation model is generally adequate to allow the generation of early absolute training loads that lead to desired internal training loads.

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and performance in Thoroughbred racehorses

2005 ◽  
Vol 227 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Hinchcliff ◽  
Melissa A. Jackson ◽  
Paul S. Morley ◽  
James A. Brown ◽  
Anthony F. Dredge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

Image-Based Versus Signal-Based Sensors for Machine Fault Detection and Isolation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heshan Fernando ◽  
Vedang Chauhan ◽  
Brian Surgenor
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Machine Fault ◽  
And Performance

This paper presents the results of a comparative study that investigated the use of image-based and signal-based sensors for fault detection and fault isolation of visually-cued faults on an automated assembly machine. The machine assembles 8 mm circular parts, from a bulk-supply, onto continuously moving carriers at a rate of over 100 assemblies per minute. Common faults on the machine include part jams and ejected parts that occur at different locations on the machine. Two sensor systems are installed on the machine for detecting and isolating these faults: an image-based system consisting of a single camera and a signal-based sensor system consisting of multiple greyscale sensors and limit switches. The requirements and performance of both systems are compared for detecting six faults on the assembly machine. It is found that both methods are able to effectively detect the faults but they differ greatly in terms of cost, ease of implementation, detection time and fault isolation capability. The conventional signal-based sensors are low in cost, simple to implement and require little computing power, but the installation is intrusive to the machine and readings from multiple sensors are required for faster fault detection and isolation. The more sophisticated image-based system requires an expensive, high-resolution, high-speed camera and significantly more processing power to detect the same faults; however, the system is not intrusive to the machine, fault isolation becomes a simpler problem with video data, and the single camera is able to detect multiple faults in its field of view.

The Design and Implementation of ECC High-Speed Encryption Engine Based on FPGA

2012 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Jian Bo Xu ◽  
Wei Hong Huang ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Multiplication Algorithm ◽  
Secure Data Transmission ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Computation Speed

Network security technology ensures secure data transmission in network. Meanwhile, it brings extra overhead of security system in terms of cost and performance, which seriously affects the rapid development of existing high-speed encryption systems. The existing encryption technology cannot meet the demand of high security, low cost and high real-time. For solving above problems, an ECC encryption engine architecture based on scalable public key cipher and a high-speed configurable multiplication algorithm are designed. The algorithm was tested on FPGA platform and the experiment results show that the system has better computation speed and lower cost overhead. By comparing with other systems, our system has benefits in terms of hardware overhead and encryption time ratio

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