RNAi in Pardosa pseudoannulata , an important predatory enemy against several insect pests, through ingestion of dsRNA ‐expressing E. coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hou ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
J. Tian ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata

Validating the importance of two acetylcholinesterases in insecticide sensitivities by RNAi in Pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predatory enemy against several insect pests

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangkun Meng ◽  
Chunrui Li ◽  
Haibo Bao ◽  
Jichao Fang ◽  
Zewen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata

cDNA cloning and heterologous expression of a wheat proteinase inhibitor of subtilisin and chymotrypsin (WSCI) that interferes with digestive enzymes of insect pests

2005 ◽  
Vol 386 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Di Gennaro ◽  
Anna G. Ficca ◽  
Daniela Panichi ◽  
Elia Poerio
Keyword(s):  
Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide

Abstract A cDNA encoding the proteinase inhibitor WSCI (wheat subtilisin/chymotrypsin inhibitor) was isolated by RT-PCR. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the amino acid sequence of WSCI and on the nucleotide sequence of the two homologous inhibitors (CI-2A and CI-2B) isolated from barley. For large-scale production, wsci cDNA was cloned into the E. coli vector pGEX-2T. The fusion protein GST-WSCI was efficiently produced in the bacterial expression system and, as the native inhibitor, was capable of inhibiting bacterial subtilisin, mammalian chymotrypsins and chymotrypsin-like activities present in crude extracts of a number of insect larvae (Helicoverpa armigera, Plodia interpunctella and Tenebrio molitor). The recombinant protein produced was also able to interfere with chymotrypsin-like activity isolated from immature wheat caryopses. These findings support a physiological role for this inhibitor during grain maturation.

scholarly journals Genome sequencing and neurotoxin diversity of a wandering spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (pond wolf spider)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yu ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Lixin Huang ◽  
Haibo Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
High Quality Genome

AbstractSpiders constitute an extensive and diverse branch of the phylum Arthropoda. Whereas the genomes of four web-weaver spider species and a single cave-living spider have been determined, similar studies have not been reported previously for a wandering spider. The pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, is a wandering hunter that immobilizes prey using venom rather than a web. It is also an important predator against a range of agriculturally important insect pests. The increasing interest in its wandering lifestyle and in the potential of spider venom as a tool for pest control have prompted a detailed study on this wandering spider species. We have generated a high-quality genome sequence of P. pseudoannulata and analysed genes associated with the production of silk and venom toxins. Sequencing reveals that P. pseudoannulata has a large genome of 4.26 Gb. The presence of only 16 spidroin genes and four types of silk glands is consistent with the moderate use of silk and the lack of a prey-catching web. A large number of genes encode neurotoxins and there is evidence that the majority are highly selective for invertebrates. Comparison between spider species reveals a correlation between spider neurotoxin selectivity for target organisms and spider prosoma size, suggesting a possible coevolution of these two features. The genome data provides valuable insights into the biology of P. pseudoannulata and its potential role as a natural enemy in pest control.

Preharvest Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into Lettuce Leaves, as Affected by Insect and Physical Damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1809-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARILYN C. ERICKSON ◽  
JEAN LIAO ◽  
ALISON S. PAYTON ◽  
DAVID G. RILEY ◽  
CATHY C. WEBB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Enteric Pathogen ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Pathogen Exposure ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Environmental pests may serve as reservoirs and vectors of zoonotic pathogens to leafy greens; however, it is unknown whether insect pests feeding on plant tissues could redistribute these pathogens present on the surface of leaves to internal sites. This study sought to differentiate the degree of tissue internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when applied at different populations on the surface of lettuce and spinach leaves, and to ascertain whether lettuce-infesting insects or physical injury could influence the fate of either surface or internalized populations of this enteric pathogen. No internalization of E. coli O157:H7 occurred when lettuce leaves were inoculated with 4.4 log CFU per leaf, but it did occur when inoculated with 6.4 log CFU per leaf. Internalization was statistically greater when spinach leaves were inoculated on the abaxial (underside) than when inoculated on the adaxial (topside) side, and when the enteric pathogen was spread after surface inoculation. Brief exposure (~18 h) of lettuce leaves to insects (5 cabbage loopers, 10 thrips, or 10 aphids) prior to inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 resulted in significantly reduced internalized populations of the pathogen within these leaves after approximately 2 weeks, as compared with leaves not exposed to insects. Surface-contaminated leaves physically injured through file abrasions also had significantly reduced populations of both total and internalized E. coli O157:H7 as compared with nonabraded leaves 2 weeks after pathogen exposure.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES LABA-LABA PREDATOR HAMA PADI RATUN DI SAWAH PASANG SURUT

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Hendri Candro Nauli Manalu ◽  
Rinda Fajrin Aldina ◽  
Suwandi Suwandi ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Number Species ◽  
Paddy Area

ABSTRACTAbundance and Species Diversity of Predatory Spiders for Insect Pests Inhabiting Ratoon Paddy in Tidal Lowland.  Ratoon paddy productivity is lower than the main crop.  Increasing productivity of the ratoon paddy is to protect the paddy from pests and diseases. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and species diversity of predatory spiders of rice pests on ratoon paddy in tidal lowland. Ratoon paddy field observed was from the main crop that has been harvested and cut 20 cm height. Paddy area observed was 2 ha field planted using Ciherang and Inpara varieties. Spiders inhabiting canopy were sampled using insect nets but soil dwelling spiders were trapped using pitfall traps. The result showed that spider species inhabiting canopy of ratoon paddy were Pardosa pseudoannulata, Lycosa chaperi, Araneus inustus, Cylosa insulana, Atypena adelinae, Erigone bifurca, Erigonidium graminicola, Oxyopes javanus, Argyrodes miniaceus, and Marpisa magister.  Spider species found soil dwelling were 11 species, namely Pardosa pseudoannulata, Pardosa sumatrana, Pardosa mackenziei, Pardosa oakleyi, Hogna rizali, Araneus inustus, Cylosa insulana, T. vermiformis, Runcinia albostriata, Coleosoma octomaculatum, and Marpisa magister. Abundance, species number, species diversity for soil dwelling spiders were higher than those for canopy inhabiting spiders. However, the abundance, species number, species diversity for the soil dwelling spiders  tended to be higher on the ratoon paddy 3, 4, and 5 week old than those on 1, 2, and 6 week old.  From the result, we concluded that abundance, species number, species diversity of spiders found in the ratoon paddy were higher or tended similar to those on the main crop.

scholarly journals Oral Ingestion of Bacterially Expressed dsRNA Can Silence Genes and Cause Mortality in a Highly Invasive, Tree-Killing Pest, the Emerald Ash Borer

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Shanivarsanthe Leelesh ◽  
Lynne K. Rieske
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Rnai Response

RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring process inhibiting gene expression, and recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism have allowed its development as a tool against insect pests. A major challenge for deployment in the field is the development of convenient and efficient methods for production of double stranded RNA (dsRNA). We assessed the potential for deploying bacterially produced dsRNA as a bio-pesticide against an invasive forest pest, the emerald ash borer (EAB). EAB feeds on the cambial tissue of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), causing rapid death. EAB has killed millions of trees in North America since its discovery in 2002, prompting the need for innovative management strategies. In our study, bacterial expression and synthesis of dsRNA were performed with E. coli strain HT115 using the L4440 expression vector. EAB-specific dsRNAs (shi and hsp) over-expressed in E. coli were toxic to neonate EAB after oral administration, successfully triggering gene silencing and subsequent mortality; however, a non-specific dsRNA control was not included. Our results suggest that ingestion of transformed E. coli expressing dsRNAs can induce an RNAi response in EAB. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an effective RNAi response induced by feeding dsRNA-expressing bacteria in a forest pest.

scholarly journals Infection and transmission of the facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqi Jiang ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
Dongxiao Zhao ◽  
Xiangdong Liu ◽  
Huifang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽  
Rice Planthoppers ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
Average Transmission

Abstract Background The infection of insect pests and their parasitoids with the facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus has been well studied, whereas the infection of the predators of insect pests with this symbiont is less well understood. We studied this symbiont in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predator of rice planthoppers, collected from rice paddies in 8 geographical regions in China.Results Diagnostic PCR showed that Arsenophonus was present in 4 of the 8 sampled populations of spiders. In these 4 populations, the infection incidence was between 2.1% and 16.7% and significantly differed between the Lishui population and the other three populations. Investigation of symbiont infection in both females and their offspring indicated that Arsenophonus can be vertically transmitted in P. pseudoannulata; the average transmission rate was approximately 25%. Remarkably, Arsenophonus was present in approximately 11% of the offspring of uninfected females, indicating that nonmaternal transmission occurs in this spider.Conclusions Populations of the spider P. pseudoannulata are infected at low rates with the symbiont Arsenophonus. This symbiont can be vertically transmitted from female spiders to offspring but may also be transmitted by male spiders or other vectors. Arsenophonus populations from different geographical regions exhibit genetic differentiation.

Toxin diversity revealed by the venom gland transcriptome of Pardosa pseudoannulata, a natural enemy of several insect pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Huang ◽  
Zhaoying Wang ◽  
Na Yu ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Zewen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata

scholarly journals Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15, OXA-48 and NDM-1, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Obeng-Nkrumah ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
Harriet Blankson ◽  
Georgina Awuah-Mensah ◽  
Daniel Oduro-Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACTAimHousehold insect pests, including cockroaches, have gained consideration as potential vectors for multidrug resistant pathogens of public health concern. This study was designed to investigate whether household cockroaches share beta-lactam resistance determinants with human inhabitants.MethodsFrom February through July 2016, 400 cockroaches were systematically collected from 100 households. Whole insect homogenates and faecal samples from inhabitants of all included households were cultured for cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (CRe). The CRe were examined for AmpC, ESBL, and carbapenemase genes; antibiotic susceptibility patterns; and conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal relationships between isolates were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsTwenty CRe were recovered from whole cockroach homogenates of 15 households. Five harbored ESBL genes (2 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1; 1 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4; 1 blaTEM-24; 1 blaSHV-4), and 3 carried carbapenemase genes (2 blaNDM-1 genes and 1 blaOXA-48 gene) all of which were transferrable by conjugation to E. coli J53 recipients. There was high clonal diversity with low inter-species similarity regardless of the beta-lactamase gene sequence. From 6 households, the pair of cockroach and human CRe shared the same antibiogram, ST and/or conjugable blaESBL gene sequence (house 34, E. coli ST9-blaTEM-4; house 37, E. coli ST44-blaCTX-15/TEM-4; house 41, E. coli ST443-blaCTX-15/TEM-1; house 49, K. pneumoniae ST231-blaSHV-13).ConclusionThe findings highlight household cockroaches as reservoirs of CTX-M-15, OXA-48 and NDM-1 genes that share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

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