scholarly journals Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15, OXA-48 and NDM-1, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Obeng-Nkrumah ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
Harriet Blankson ◽  
Georgina Awuah-Mensah ◽  
Daniel Oduro-Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACTAimHousehold insect pests, including cockroaches, have gained consideration as potential vectors for multidrug resistant pathogens of public health concern. This study was designed to investigate whether household cockroaches share beta-lactam resistance determinants with human inhabitants.MethodsFrom February through July 2016, 400 cockroaches were systematically collected from 100 households. Whole insect homogenates and faecal samples from inhabitants of all included households were cultured for cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (CRe). The CRe were examined for AmpC, ESBL, and carbapenemase genes; antibiotic susceptibility patterns; and conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal relationships between isolates were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsTwenty CRe were recovered from whole cockroach homogenates of 15 households. Five harbored ESBL genes (2 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1; 1 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4; 1 blaTEM-24; 1 blaSHV-4), and 3 carried carbapenemase genes (2 blaNDM-1 genes and 1 blaOXA-48 gene) all of which were transferrable by conjugation to E. coli J53 recipients. There was high clonal diversity with low inter-species similarity regardless of the beta-lactamase gene sequence. From 6 households, the pair of cockroach and human CRe shared the same antibiogram, ST and/or conjugable blaESBL gene sequence (house 34, E. coli ST9-blaTEM-4; house 37, E. coli ST44-blaCTX-15/TEM-4; house 41, E. coli ST443-blaCTX-15/TEM-1; house 49, K. pneumoniae ST231-blaSHV-13).ConclusionThe findings highlight household cockroaches as reservoirs of CTX-M-15, OXA-48 and NDM-1 genes that share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans.

scholarly journals Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48- and NDM-1-producing enterobacteria, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Obeng-Nkrumah ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
Harriet Blankson ◽  
Georgina Awuah-Mensah ◽  
Daniel Oduro-Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background This study was designed to investigate whether household cockroaches harbor cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria that share resistance determinants with human inhabitants. From February through July 2016, whole cockroach homogenates and human fecal samples from 100 households were cultured for cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (CRe). The CRe were examined for plasmid-mediated AmpC, ESBL, and carbapenemase genes; antibiotic susceptibility patterns; and conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal associations between CRe were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results Twenty CRe were recovered from whole cockroach homogenates from 15 households. The prevalence of households with cockroaches that harbored CRe, AmpC- (based on phenotype, with no identifiable blaAmpC genes), ESBL-, and carbapenemase-producers were 15, 4, 5%(2 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1; 1 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4; 1 blaTEM-24; 1 blaSHV-4) and 3%(2 blaNDM-1 genes and 1 blaOXA-48 gene), respectively. Overall, 20 CRe were recovered from 61 fecal samples of inhabitants from all 15 households that had cockroach samples positive for CRe. Of these, 5CRe (1 per household) were positive for ESBLs (blaTEM-24, blaTEM-14, blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4, blaSHV-3, blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1) and none carried AmpCs or carbapenemases. From 4% of households, the pair of cockroach and human CRe shared the same sequence type (ST), clonal complex (CC), antibiogram, and conjugable bla gene sequence (house 34, E. coli ST9/CC20-blaTEM-4; house 37, E. coli ST44/CC10-blaCTX-15/TEM-4; house 41, E. coli ST443/CC205-blaCTX-15/TEM-1; house 49, K. pneumoniae ST231/CC131-blaSHV-13). Conclusion The findings provide evidence that household cockroaches may carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48- and NDM-1-producers, and share clonal relationship and beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans.

scholarly journals Detection of New Delhi Metallo b Lactamase gene in Uropathogenic E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sharmistha Goswami ◽  
Nasir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Lactamase Gene

The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistant E. coli is now a worldwide problem. In this study, a total of twenty E. coli obtained from stool were selected to determine resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. Beta–Lactamase are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide multi resistance to beta lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, cephamycin and carbapenems. Of these isolates (n = 20), 35% were found resistant to Amoxicillin Clavulanate, 5% to Imipenem, 50% to Ceftriaxone and 75% to Ampicillin. PCR amplification confirmed the presence of the New Delhi beta-lactamase gene (blaNDM) in one isolate (5%, n=20). Plasmids of variable sizes were found in all the isolates. Beta lactam antibiotics are now commonly used for the treatment of disease. Resistance of 50% of the isolates to Ceftriaxone is alarming as this indicates that an alternative drug may soon need to replace this antibiotic for successful treatment. The finding of this study is also of public health concern as plasmids were found in most isolates and these mobile genetic elements can be transferred among clinical bacteria, thereby disseminating antibiotic resistance further limiting treatment options. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 1 June 2019, pp 29-33

scholarly journals Emergence of colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai M. Zafer ◽  
Hadir A. El-Mahallawy ◽  
Asmaa Abdulhak ◽  
Magdy A. Amin ◽  
Mohamed H. Al-Agamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Recent Emergence

Abstract Background Colistin resistance is mainly driven by alterations in the Gram-negative outer membrane lipopolysaccharides and is caused, in most cases, by mutations in mgrB gene. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-encoded colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae strains represents a serious threat to global public health. In this paper we have investigated the rates of colistin resistance and the underlying mechanisms in 450 Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates obtained from cancer patients in Egypt. Methods Colistin susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, by broth microdilution, and by E-test. The mcr-1, mcr-2 and mgrB genes were detected by PCR and then sequenced. Clonal diversity in colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing. Results Forty (8.8%) colistin-resistant isolates, including 22 K. pneumoniae and 18 E. coli, were isolated over 18 months. Of these, 50% were carbapenem-resistant, out of which nine were blaOXA-48 and seven blaNDM-1 positive. The mechanisms of colistin resistance could be revealed only in three of the 40 resistant strains, being represented by mcr-1 in one blaNDM-1-positive E. coli strain and in one K. pneumoniae ST11 and by mgrB mutations, detected in one K. pneumoniae isolate. None of the studied isolates harbored mcr-2. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a high frequency of colistin resistance in enterobacterial strains isolated from cancer patients, but a low prevalence of the most well known resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽  
Lauren Palmer ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Michael P. Szostak ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Clonobiome: Assessing the Strain Diversity in Feces and Urine by Deep Amplicon Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiya G. Shevchenko ◽  
Matthew Radey ◽  
Veronika Tchesnokova ◽  
Dagmara Kisiela ◽  
Evgeni V. Sokurenko
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Healthy Carriers

ABSTRACT While microbiome studies have focused on diversity at the species level or higher, bacterial species in microbiomes are represented by different, often multiple, strains. These strains could be clonally and phenotypically very different, making assessment of strain content vital to a full understanding of microbiome function. This is especially important with respect to antibiotic-resistant strains, the clonal spread of which may be dependent on competition between them and susceptible strains from the same species. The pandemic, multidrug-resistant, and highly pathogenic Escherichia coli subclone ST131-H30 (H30) is of special interest, as it has already been found persisting in the gut and bladder in healthy people. In order to rapidly assess E. coli clonal diversity, we developed a novel method based on deep sequencing of two loci used for sequence typing, along with an algorithm for analysis of the resulting data. Using this method, we assessed fecal and urinary samples from healthy women carrying H30 and were able to uncover considerable diversity, including strains with frequencies at <1% of the E. coli population. We also found that, even in the absence of antibiotic use, H30 could completely dominate the gut and, especially, urine of healthy carriers. Our study offers a novel tool for assessing a species’ clonal diversity (clonobiome) within the microbiome, which could be useful in studying the population structure and dynamics of multidrug-resistant and/or highly pathogenic strains in their natural environments. IMPORTANCE Bacterial species in the microbiome are often represented by multiple genetically and phenotypically different strains, making insight into subspecies diversity critical to a full understanding of the microbiome, especially with respect to opportunistic pathogens. However, methods allowing efficient high-throughput clonal typing are not currently available. This study combines a conventional E. coli typing method with deep amplicon sequencing to allow analysis of many samples concurrently. While our method was developed for E. coli, it may be adapted for other species, allowing microbiome researchers to assess clonal strain diversity in natural samples. Since assessment of subspecies diversity is particularly important for understanding the spread of antibiotic resistance, we applied our method to the study of a pandemic multidrug-resistant E. coli clone. The results we present suggest that this clone could be highly competitive in healthy carriers and that the mechanisms of colonization by such clones need to be studied.

scholarly journals High quantities of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli are present in the Machángara urban river in Quito, Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ortega-Paredes ◽  
Pedro Barba ◽  
Santiago Mena-López ◽  
Nathaly Espinel ◽  
Verónica Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Folate Pathway ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Urban river pollution by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitutes an important public health concern. Epidemiologically important strains of MDR Escherichia coli transmissible at the human–animal–environment interfaces are especially worrying. Quantifying and characterizing MDR E. coli at a molecular level is thus imperative for understanding its epidemiology in natural environments and its role in the spread of resistance in precise geographical areas. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was characterized along the watercourse of the major urban river in Quito. Our results showed high quantities of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (2.7 × 103–5.4 × 105 CFU/100 mL). The antimicrobial resistance index (ARI) revealed the exposure of the river to antibiotic contamination, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index indicated a high risk of contamination. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the most prevalent in our samples. Isolates also had class 1 integrons carrying aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and folate pathway inhibitors. The isolates belonged to phylogroups A, B1 and D. Clonal complex 10 was found to be the most prevalent (ST10, ST44 and ST 167), followed by ST162, ST394 and ST46. Our study provides a warning about the high potential of the major urban river in Quito for spreading the epidemiologically important MDR E. coli.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla O. Eltai ◽  
Elmoubasher A. Abdfarag ◽  
Hamad Al-Romaihi ◽  
Eman Wehedy ◽  
Mahmoud H. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Stewardship Program

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is a top health challenge in the 21st century. AR among Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly increasing, especially in third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Further, strains carrying mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, food-producing animals, and the environment. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics in food-producing animals is a major factor in the generation and spread of AR. No studies have been done to evaluate AR in the veterinary sector of Qatar. This study aimed at establishing primary baseline data for the prevalence of AR among food-producing animals in Qatar. Fecal samples (172) were obtained from two broiler farms and one live bird market in Qatar, and 90 commensal Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and subjected to susceptibility testing against 16 clinically relevant antibiotics by using the E-test method. The results found that 81 (90%) of 90 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 14 (15.5%) of 90 isolates were colistin resistant, 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, and 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were multidrug resistant to four antibiotic classes. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and colistin-resistant isolates were confirmed by using double-disc susceptibility testing and PCR, respectively. Such a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli could be the result of a long application of antibiotic treatment, and it is an indicator of the antibiotic load in food-producing animals in Qatar. Pathogens carrying AR can be easily transmitted to humans through consumption of undercooked food or noncompliance with hygiene practices, mandating prompt development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in the community and agriculture.

scholarly journals Initial Assessment of the Molecular Epidemiology ofblaNDM-1in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4346-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Rojas ◽  
Meredith S. Wright ◽  
Elsa De La Cadena ◽  
Gabriel Motoa ◽  
Kristine M. Hujer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Novel Complex

ABSTRACTWe report complete genome sequences of fourblaNDM-1-harboring Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from Colombia. TheblaNDM-1genes were located on 193-kb Inc FIA, 178-kb Inc A/C2, and 47-kb (unknown Inc type) plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that these isolates belong to sequence type 10 (ST10) (Escherichia coli), ST392 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and ST322 and ST464 (Acinetobacter baumanniiandAcinetobacter nosocomialis, respectively). Our analysis identified that the Inc A/C2 plasmid inE. colicontained a novel complex transposon (Tn125and Tn5393with three copies ofblaNDM-1) and a recombination “hot spot” for the acquisition of new resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Clonal Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms in Tetracycline-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Janusz Fiett ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT The frequency of tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. The aim of this study was to analyze the clonal diversity and resistance determinants of tetracycline-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates identified in Poland and to investigate the effect of tetracycline resistance on their susceptibilities to tigecycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. We have analyzed 866 pneumococcal isolates collected from 1998 to 2003 from patients with respiratory tract diseases, and 242 of these (27.9%) were found to be resistant to tetracycline. All of the resistant isolates were characterized by testing of their susceptibilities to other antimicrobials, serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and identification of tetracycline resistance genes and transposons. Selected isolates representing the main PFGE types were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Among the isolates investigated, 27 serotypes and 146 various PFGE patterns, grouped into 90 types, were discerned. The most common PFGE type, corresponding to serotype 19F and sequence type 423, was represented by 22.3% of all of the tetracycline-resistant isolates. The tet(M) gene was the sole resistance gene in the group of isolates studied, and in over 96% of the isolates, the Tn916 family of tet(M)-containing conjugative transposons was detected. Several isolates contained specific variants of the transposons, the Tn1545-like, Tn3872-like, or Tn2009-like element. The correlation between the MICs of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline was revealed, whereas no cross-resistance to tetracycline and tigecycline was observed.

scholarly journals Tn5393d, a Complex Tn5393 Derivative Carrying the PER-1 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Gene and Other Resistance Determinants

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3289-3296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Mantengoli ◽  
Gian Maria Rossolini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Genetic Context

ABSTRACT In Alcaligenes faecalis FL-424/98, a clinical isolate that produces the PER-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase, the bla PER-1 gene was found to be carried on a 44-kb nonconjugative plasmid, named pFL424, that was transferred to Escherichia coli by electroporation. Investigation of the genetic context of the bla PER-1 gene in pFL424 by means of a combined cloning and PCR mapping approach revealed that the gene is associated with a transposonlike element of the Tn3 family. This 14-kb element is a Tn5393 derivative of original structure, named Tn5393d, which contains the transposition module and the strAB genes typical of other members of the Tn5393 lineage plus additional resistance determinants, including the bla PER-1 gene and a new allelic variant of the aphA6 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene, named aphA6b, whose product is active against kanamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin. Tn5393d apparently originated from the consecutive insertion of two composite transposons into a Tn5393 backbone carrying the aphA6b and the bla PER-1 genes, respectively. The putative composite transposon carrying bla PER-1, named Tn4176, is made of two original and nonidentical insertion sequences of the IS4 family, named IS1387a and IS1387b, of which one is interrupted by the insertion of an original insertion sequence of the IS30 family, named IS1066. In pFL424, Tn5393d is inserted into a Tn501-like mercury resistance transposon. Transposition of Tn5393d or modules thereof containing the bla PER-1 gene from pFL424 to small multicopy plasmids or to a bacterial artificial chromosome was not detected in an E. coli host harboring both replicons.

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