Long-term declines in body size and shifts in run timing of Atlantic salmon in Ireland

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1713-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Quinn ◽  
P. McGinnity ◽  
T. F. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Run Timing

Multiple Fertilization and Consecutive Spawning in Large American Lobsters, Homarus americanus

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Waddy ◽  
D. E. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship

Large female American lobsters, Homarus americanus (> 120 mm carapace length), maintained at nearshore Bay of Fundy temperatures often spawn twice without an intervening molt (consecutive spawning). Consecutive spawning occurs in two forms: successive-year (spawning in two successive summers, a molt in the first and fourth years) and alternate-year (spawning in alternate summers, a molt in the first and fifth years). In both types, females often are able to fertilize the two successive broods with the sperm from a single insemination (multiple fertilization). Twenty of 21 large females that were held for up to 13 yr displayed one of these types of consecutive spawning. Consecutive spawning and multiple fertilization enable large lobsters to spawn more frequently over the long term than their smaller counterparts. This, combined with the logarithmic relationship between body size and numbers of eggs produced, means that very large lobsters have a much greater relative fecundity than previously thought.

Are hybrids between Atlantic salmon and brown trout suitable long-term hosts of Gyrodactylus salaris during winter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307
Author(s):  
R Knudsen ◽  
E H Henriksen ◽  
K Ø Gjelland ◽  
H Hansen ◽  
D K Hendrichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout

scholarly journals Long-Term Changes in the Diet of Gymnogobius isaza from Lake Biwa, Japan: Effects of Body Size and Environmental Prey Availability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e53167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Carlo Briones ◽  
Cheng-Han Tsai ◽  
Takefumi Nakazawa ◽  
Yoichiro Sakai ◽  
Rey Donne S. Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Long Term Changes

Long-Term Low DO Enriches and Shifts Nitrifier Community in Activated Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 5109-5117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Liu ◽  
Jianmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Low Do

Mass extinctions alter extinction and origination dynamics with respect to body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1960) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Monarrez ◽  
Noel A. Heim ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Extinction Selectivity ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Mass Extinction Events ◽  
Marine Biosphere

Whether mass extinctions and their associated recoveries represent an intensification of background extinction and origination dynamics versus a separate macroevolutionary regime remains a central debate in evolutionary biology. The previous focus has been on extinction, but origination dynamics may be equally or more important for long-term evolutionary outcomes. The evolution of animal body size is an ideal process to test for differences in macroevolutionary regimes, as body size is easily determined, comparable across distantly related taxa and scales with organismal traits. Here, we test for shifts in selectivity between background intervals and the ‘Big Five’ mass extinction events using capture–mark–recapture models. Our body-size data cover 10 203 fossil marine animal genera spanning 10 Linnaean classes with occurrences ranging from Early Ordovician to Late Pleistocene (485–1 Ma). Most classes exhibit differences in both origination and extinction selectivity between background intervals and mass extinctions, with the direction of selectivity varying among classes and overall exhibiting stronger selectivity during origination after mass extinction than extinction during the mass extinction. Thus, not only do mass extinction events shift the marine biosphere into a new macroevolutionary regime, the dynamics of recovery from mass extinction also appear to play an underappreciated role in shaping the biosphere in their aftermath.

Relationship of upstream migrating adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and stream discharge within Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C Mitchell ◽  
Richard A Cunjak
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
River System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Adult Abundance

Stream discharge has long been associated with abundance of returning adult spawning salmonids to streams and may also affect body size distribution of adult salmon as low flows interfere with returns of larger-bodied fish. We examined these relationships of abundance and body size within Catamaran Brook, a third-order tributary to the Miramichi River system of New Brunswick, Canada, to investigate the causes of a declining trend in annual returns of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to this stream. Regression models of adult abundance, proportion of the run as grilse, and body size of returning adults as functions of maximum daily stream discharge during the period of upstream spawner migration were constructed. Adult abundance shows a logarithmic relationship with stream discharge and provides good predictive ability, while appearing to not be significantly related to adult abundance in the larger Miramichi system. The proportion as grilse in the run and female body size are also logarithmically related to stream discharge, with low flow years being very influential in the regressions. These relationships of Atlantic salmon population abundance and body size characteristics have implications with respect to stock integrity and production of the following generation.

scholarly journals Long-term welfare effects of repeated warm water treatments on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 737670
Author(s):  
Lene Moltumyr ◽  
Jonatan Nilsson ◽  
Angelico Madaro ◽  
Tore Seternes ◽  
Fredrik Agerup Winger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Water Treatments

scholarly journals Behavioral, physiological, and neural signatures of surprise during naturalistic sports viewing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Antony ◽  
Thomas H. Hartshorne ◽  
Ken Pomeroy ◽  
Todd M. Gureckis ◽  
Uri Hasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Event Segmentation Theory ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Belief States

SummarySurprise signals a discrepancy between past and current beliefs. It is theorized to be linked to affective experiences, the creation of particularly resilient memories, and segmentation of the flow of experience into discrete perceived events. However, the ability to precisely measure naturalistic surprise has remained elusive. We used advanced basketball analytics to derive a quantitative measure of surprise and characterized its behavioral, physiological, and neural correlates in human subjects observing basketball games. We found that surprise was associated with segmentation of ongoing experiences, as reflected by subjectively perceived event boundaries and shifts in neocortical patterns underlying belief states. Interestingly, these effects differed by whether surprising moments contradicted or bolstered current predominant beliefs. Surprise also positively correlated with pupil dilation, activation in subcortical regions associated with dopamine, game enjoyment, and long-term memory. These investigations support key predictions from event segmentation theory and extend theoretical conceptualizations of surprise to real-world contexts.

scholarly journals Metabolic plasticity can amplify ecosystem responses to global warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kordas ◽  
Samraat Pawar ◽  
Guy Woodward ◽  
Eoin O'Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Metabolic Plasticity ◽  
Ecosystem Level

Abstract Organisms have the capacity to alter their physiological response to warming through acclimation or adaptation, but empirical evidence for this metabolic plasticity across species within food webs is lacking, and a generalisable framework does not exist for modelling its ecosystem-level consequences. Here we show that the ability of organisms to raise their metabolic rate following chronic exposure to warming decreases with increasing body size. Chronic exposure to higher temperatures also increases the sensitivity of organisms to short-term warming, irrespective of their body size. A mathematical model parameterised with these findings shows that metabolic plasticity could account for an additional 60% of ecosystem energy flux with just +2 °C of warming. This could explain why ecosystem respiration continues to rise in long-term warming experiments and highlights the need to embed metabolic plasticity in predictive models of global warming impacts on ecosystems.

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