Flavonoid and morphological studies of Lindernia Allioni (Scrophulariaceae) in South America

In the context of a bioprospection programme for tyrosinase/L-DOPA- and melanin-producing fungal strains for biotechnological purposes, a hyperproducer isolate was obtained from Las Yungas rainforest, a relevant biodiverse ecoregion in North-Western Argentina. The selected strain was preliminarily identified as Paraboeremia sp. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first native reported species of this genus in South America. Single-gene and multi-locus analyses of the internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region (ITS), partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), RNA polymerase II region (RPB2) and partial β-tubulin gene (TUB2) alignments were carried out to define the phylogenetic identity of this strain. As part of a polyphasic identification approach, these results were combined with morphological studies of active cultures growing on malt extract, oatmeal and potato dextrose agar plates. Incubation was performed under diverse conditions to stimulate sporulation for the subsequent micromorphological analysis. Microphotographs of pycnidia and conidia were taken with a scanning electron microscope. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses supported the location of the strain within the genus Paraboeremia, whilst morphological features allowed distinguishing it from previously described species within this genus. Based on the results herein reported, the new South-American species Paraboeremia yungensis is described and proposed.

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Palicella lueckingii (Lecanorales, Ascomycota), a new lichen species inhabiting Araucaria from the extratropical South America

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 344 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PAMELA RODRIGUEZ-FLAKUS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Maximum Likelihood ◽

South America ◽

Gene Locus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Single Gene ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Araucaria Araucana

Palicella lueckingii is a newly described corticolous lecideoid lichen from the Malalcahuelo National Reserve growing on the bark of Araucaria araucana in Chile. Detailed morphological studies and inference from molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of single gene locus (ITS), clearly indicate that the new species is a member of the recently introduced genus Palicella. Palicella lueckingii is most closely related to P. glaucopa, but clearly differs in having smaller ascospores, comparatively thicker thallus, epruinose apothecia, lack of oil droplets inside of exciple and presence of thiophanic acid as a major metabolite.

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Caloplaca austrocitrina (Teloschistaceae) new for South America, based on molecular and morphological studies

The Bryologist ◽

10.1639/0007-2745-113.1.124 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 124-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vilma G. Rosato ◽

Ulf Arup

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Morphological Studies

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Pluteus Fr. (Pluteaceae, Agaricales) in Paraguay: morphological studies and new records

Check List ◽

10.15560/15.2.313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 313-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michelle Geraldine Campi ◽

Yanine Maubet ◽

Enzo Cristaldo ◽

Emanuel Grassi ◽

Nelson Menolli Junior

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

New Records ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Central Department

Four species of Pluteus Fr. are documented based on recently collected specimens from Alto Paraguay and Central Department, which correspond to the Pantanal and Humid Chaco ecoregions, respectively. Pluteus fibulatus Singer, P. longistriatus (Peck) Peck, P. petasatus (Fr.) Gillet, and P. triplocystis Singer are newly recorded species of the mycobiota of Paraguay; P. triplocystis is also a newly recorded for South America. Descriptions and photographs of both macro- and microscopic features of each species are included along with a brief discussion on their taxonomy, ecology, and distribution.

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Morphological variation and systematics of Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) and Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2203.1.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2203 (1) ◽

pp. 31-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ANA CAROLINE DE LIMA ◽

ANA LÚCIA DA COSTA PRUDENTE

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Geographic Variation ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Color Pattern ◽

High Variability ◽

The Other ◽

Morphological Similarity ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Morphological Studies

The genus Dipsas includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru). High variability in color pattern and scalation has made it difficult to define limits among Dipsas species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. We analyzed 14 meristic and 18 morphometric characters of 483 specimens of D. catesbyi and 129 specimens of D. pavonina, as well as their color pattern, coloration, hemipenis, cephalic glands and geographic distribution. We describe variation in meristic and morphometric characters and incorporate new characters into revised diagnoses. The results indicate a greater morphological similarity between D. catesbyi and species of Sibynomorphus than with the other species of Dipsas. More morphological studies should be done to evaluate current phylogenetic proposals for relationships within the tribe Dipsadini.

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On Hydrangea peruviana, an endangered species from Ecuador, and Hydrangea oerstedii, very common in Costa Rica and Panama, and seven threatened Central and South American Hydrangeas, which have been confounded with these

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.171.56351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 91-153

Author(s):

Marie-Stéphanie Samain ◽

Carolina Granados Mendoza ◽

Esteban Manuel Martínez Salas

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

South America ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Field Work ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Study Results

Hydrangea section Cornidia, currently consisting of 19 accepted taxa, occurs from Mexico to Chile and Argentina, with one species in southeast Asia. Its representatives are root-climbing lianas which may grow up to 60 m high in the tree canopy of temperate to (sub)tropical forests. Our extensive field work throughout its distribution area, study of herbarium specimens and ongoing molecular studies have resulted in the discovery of species new to science, as well as new insights into the circumscription of many taxa. We here present amended descriptions for seven Hydrangea species of Central and South America and discuss the taxonomical situation of two Colombian Hydrangeas, including an identification key, illustrations, and distribution maps. Field work was carried out in Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador and Peru, including exploration in areas where the genus had not been collected before. These specimens and observations were complemented with the study of specimens of 41 herbaria of North, Central and South America, as well as Europe. Detailed morphological studies of all species were carried out, based on living plants in their natural habitat, as well as on dried specimens from our own collections and all available herbarium material. Type material was studied in detail for all species concerned. Based on an extensive number of morphological characters, combined with distribution patterns, phenological differences and ecological preferences, including molecular data in most cases, Hydrangea peruviana and H. oerstedii are clearly distinct taxa, as well as the other seven species mentioned here, which had been synonymized with either of these two species. The present study results in the recognition of 26 species in section Cornidia and exemplifies the urgent need for profound taxonomic studies in plants, as in many families we do not dispose of well-circumscribed units for conservation to mitigate the already occurring unprecedented loss of biodiversity.

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First molecular phylogeny of Laevicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) with description of a new species of Lynceus from Chile and an updated key to species in the Americas

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is18073 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zandra M. S. Sigvardt ◽

D. Christopher Rogers ◽

Patricio De los Ríos ◽

Ferran Palero ◽

Jørgen Olesen

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

Key To Species ◽

Australian Species ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

America South ◽

A New Species

The first molecular phylogeny of Lynceus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata) is presented together with a description of a new species of laevicaudatan branchiopod from Chile, Lynceus huentelauquensis, sp. nov. DNA sequences were obtained from six species of Lynceus using freshly collected specimens from Europe, North America, South America, and Australia and combined with GenBank sequences from previous studies. Specimens of the new species were collected from a pool on the Huentelauquén Plains near Huentelauquén City. Our molecular analyses placed L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. within Lynceus and close to a cluster of Australian species, and revealed morphological misidentifications, cross-contamination, or incorrect upload in earlier GenBank sequences. L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. is separated from other Lynceus primarily by the morphology of the rostrum and the male claspers. L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. is the first described laevicaudatan from Chile, the sixth from South America, and the 13th from the Americas. The morphology of laevicaudatans from the Americas is reviewed and an updated key to the (male) Lynceidae of the region is provided. Our study highlights the necessity of a revision of Laevicaudata using multiple genetic markers as well as thorough morphological studies on a greater number of taxa. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A783D96-B270-40DF-8361-11BA063C9A0F

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Systematic Revision of Papillaria (Meteoriaceae, Bryophyta)

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364420x15935294613554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 411-438

Author(s):

Juliana R. P. M. de Oliveira ◽

Dietmar Quandt ◽

Angela E. Newton ◽

Kátia C. Pôrto ◽

Thien-Tam Luong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Its Region ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Systematic Revision ◽

New Synonyms ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

The Pacific ◽

Nuclear Its

Abstract—A systematic revision of the tropical moss genus Papillaria was carried out by combining morphological studies with phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data from the plastid (trnL-F and rpl16) and the nuclear (ITS region) genomes. For the morphological study a set of qualitative and quantitative features was studied in over 2800 herbarium specimens, including the types, of all 55 previously accepted species in the genus. After revision, nine species of Papillaria were recognized, Papillaria crocea and P. flexicaulis which are broadly distributed in the tropics, P. africana that is endemic to Africa, P. laevifolia that is known from the Americas, and P. flavolimbata, P. funiformis, P. leuconeura, P. nitens, and P. zeloflexicaulis that are known from Australia and the Pacific Islands. The majority of the other previously accepted names do not belong to Papillaria s. s. but to the closely related genera Toloxis and Meteorium. We propose five new synonyms under P. africana as well as one new synonym for P. crocea and one for P. laevifolia. The revision reduced the number of Papillaria species in Africa from ten to one and in South America from thirteen to three. We extend the geographic range of P. crocea due to a new record from eastern South America (Brazil).

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Taxonomy of the 'Afroeudesis group' of glandulariine ant-like stone beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4612.2.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4612 (2) ◽

pp. 205 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

East Africa ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Similar Species ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Symmetrical Pattern ◽

Unusual Distribution

Among the currently recognized 71 extant genera of Glandulariini, Afroeudesis Franz shows an unusual distribution, with strikingly similar species known from South America, west and east Africa, and the sub-Himalayan region of Asia. Morphological studies revealed that several species placed in other genera share with Afroeudesis several unique characters, among others a symmetrical pattern of numerous setae on the frons and vertex, not known in any other Glandulariini. This 'Afroeudesis group' is here recognized to be composed of the Neotropical genera Meridaphes Jałoszyński, Stenichnoconnus Franz and Pseudoraphes Franz, the broadly distributed Afroeudesis, and the Neotropical Bicarinulodes gen. n. The last is proposed for a species previously misplaced in Microscydmus Saulcy & Croissandeau, resulting in Bicarinulodes meridensis (Franz) comb. n. Bicarinulodes is most similar to Afroeudesis, but (among other differences) it lacks the apomorphy that is unique for the latter genus, the raised subtriangular 'platform' on the frons and vertex. Stenichnoconnus minor (Franz), comb. n is proposed for Euconnus minor (Franz), originally published as Venezolanoconnus minor Franz. Stenichnoconnus and Pseudoraphes are redefined and redescribed.

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Morphological and Molecular Evidence to Segregate a Disjunct Species of Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae) from Southern South America

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364420x15935294613482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 439-449

Author(s):

Cristian Larsen ◽

Felipe Gonzatti ◽

Juan M. Acosta ◽

M. Mónica Ponce

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Disjunct Distribution ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Margin Entire ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Valdivian Forest

Abstract—Morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out to assess the taxonomic status of Hymenophyllum caudiculatum, a species with a disjunct distribution in South America. The species is found in tropical and subtropical forests of Brazil and in temperate forest of southern Argentina and Chile. Based on the results of morphological, molecular, and species delimitation analyses, Hymenophyllum caudatum of the Valdivian forest of southern Chile and Argentina is proposed as a species separate from H. caudiculatum, endemic to Brazil. The two taxa are delimited, respectively, as follows: 1‐5 cm long non-alate stipes (vs. 0.3‐1 cm long non-alate stipes in Brazilian H. caudiculatum); stipe wings gradually ending (vs. stipe wings abruptly ending very near the rhizome); margin entire to somewhat undulate (vs. margin undulate to crispate); soriferous segment alate, angustate, or null (vs. soriferous segment with laminar constriction at apex); and widely obovoid receptacle with sessile sporangia (vs. flattened obovoid or globose receptacle with shortly pedunculated sporangia). Descriptions for the two species recognized here and a map of their geographical distribution are provided, along with nomenclatural revision, illustrations, and conservation status assessments.

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