Immunolocalization and serum antibody responses to Brugia malayi pepsin inhibitor homolog (Bm-33)

Patients with chronic urinary and urogenital multidrug resistant bacterial infections received phage therapy (PT) using intravesical or intravesical and intravaginal phage administration. A single course of PT did not induce significant serum antibody responses against administered phage. Whilst the second cycle of PT caused a significant increase in antibody levels, they nevertheless remained quite low. These data combined with good therapy results achieved in some patients suggest that this mode of PT may be an efficient means of therapy for urogenital infections and a reliable model for a clinical trial of PT.

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Induction of Mucosal Protection against Primary, Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by a DNA Vaccine

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.7.3309-3317.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 3309-3317 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Deborah Heydenburg Fuller ◽

Premeela A. Rajakumar ◽

Lawrence A. Wilson ◽

Anita M. Trichel ◽

James T. Fuller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Dna Vaccine ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Mucosal Protection ◽

Mucosal Transmission ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT An effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should protect against mucosal transmission of genetically divergent isolates. As a safe alternative to live attenuated vaccines, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine containing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain 17E-Fr (SIV/17E-Fr) gag-pol-env was analyzed in rhesus macaques. Significant levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but low to undetectable serum antibody responses, were observed following multiple immunizations. SIV-specific mucosal antibodies and CTL were also detected in rectal washes and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, respectively. Vaccinated and naive control monkeys were challenged intrarectally with SIV strain DeltaB670 (SIV/DeltaB670), a primary isolate whose env is 15% dissimilar to that of the vaccine strain. Four of seven vaccinees were protected from infection as determined by the inability to identify viral RNA or DNA sequences in the peripheral blood and the absence of anamnestic antibody responses postchallenge. This is the first report of mucosal protection against a primary pathogenic, heterologous isolate of SIV by using a commercially viable vaccine approach. These results support further development of a DNA vaccine for protection against HIV.

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Serum Antibody Responses after Intradermal Injection of Influenza Vaccine

International Journal of Virology ◽

10.3923/ijv.2006.35.38 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

Maliheh Metanat ◽

Masoud Salehi . ◽

Batool Sharifi-Mood . ◽

Mohammad-Reza Safai .

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Intradermal Injection ◽

Antibody Responses

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Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1073046/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jira Chansaenroj ◽

Ritthideach Yorsaeng ◽

Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽

Chintana Chirathaworn ◽

Natthinee Sudhinaraset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Immunological Study ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Vaccine Schedule

Abstract Understanding antibody responses after natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can guide the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine schedule. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-spike protein 1 (S1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing antibody against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of patients who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Between March and May 2020, 531 individuals with virologically confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in our immunological study. The neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 95.2%, 86.7%, 85.0%, and 85.4% of recovered COVID-19 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after symptom onset, respectively. The seropositivity rate of anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing titers remained at 68.6%, 89.6%, 77.1%, and 85.4%, respectively, at 12 months after symptom onset. The half-life of neutralizing titers was estimated at 100.7 days (95% confidence interval = 44.5 – 327.4 days, R2 = 0.106). These results support that the decline in serum antibody levels over time depends on the symptom severity, and the individuals with high IgG antibody titers experienced a significantly longer persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses than those with lower titers.

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Intranasal Coadministration of the Cry1Ac Protoxin with Amoebal Lysates Increases Protection against Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.72.8.4368-4375.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 4368-4375 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Saúl Rojas-Hernández ◽

Marco A. Rodríguez-Monroy ◽

Rubén López-Revilla ◽

Aldo A. Reséndiz-Albor ◽

Leticia Moreno-Fierros

Keyword(s):

Cholera Toxin ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Naegleria Fowleri ◽

Lethal Challenge ◽

Mucosal Vaccines ◽

Nægleria Fowleri ◽

Adjuvant Effects ◽

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

ABSTRACT Cry1Ac protoxin has potent mucosal and systemic adjuvant effects on antibody responses to proteins or polysaccharides. In this work, we examined whether Cry1Ac increased protective immunity against fatal Naegleria fowleri infection in mice, which resembles human primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) than IgA anti-N. fowleri responses were elicited in the serum and tracheopulmonary fluids of mice immunized by the intranasal or intraperitoneal route with N. fowleri lysates either alone or with Cry1Ac or cholera toxin. Superior protection against a lethal challenge with 5 × 104 live N. fowleri trophozoites was achieved for immunization by the intranasal route. Intranasal immunization of N. fowleri lysates coadministered with Cry1Ac increased survival to 100%; interestingly, immunization with Cry1Ac alone conferred similar protection to that achieved with amoebal lysates alone (60%). When mice intranasally immunized with Cry1Ac plus lysates were challenged with amoebae, both IgG and IgA mucosal responses were rapidly increased, but only the increased IgG response persisted until day 60 in surviving mice. The brief rise in the level of specific mucosal IgA does not exclude the role that this isotype may play in the early defense against this parasite, since higher IgA responses were detected in nasal fluids of mice intranasally immunized with lysates plus either Cry1Ac or cholera toxin, which, indeed, were the treatments that provided the major protection levels. In contrast, serum antibody responses do not seem to be related to the protection level achieved. Both acquired and innate immune systems seem to play a role in host defense against N. fowleri infection, but further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protective effects conferred by Cry1Ac, which may be a valuable tool to improve mucosal vaccines.

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Persistence and decay of human antibody responses to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 patients

Science Immunology ◽

10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (52) ◽

pp. eabe0367 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Anita S. Iyer ◽

Forrest K. Jones ◽

Ariana Nodoushani ◽

Meagan Kelly ◽

Margaret Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Receptor Binding ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Binding Domain ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Human Antibody ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Recent Infection

We measured plasma and/or serum antibody responses to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in 343 North American patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (of which 93% required hospitalization) up to 122 days after symptom onset and compared them to responses in 1548 individuals whose blood samples were obtained prior to the pandemic. After setting seropositivity thresholds for perfect specificity (100%), we estimated sensitivities of 95% for IgG, 90% for IgA, and 81% for IgM for detecting infected individuals between 15 and 28 days after symptom onset. While the median time to seroconversion was nearly 12 days across all three isotypes tested, IgA and IgM antibodies against RBD were short-lived with median times to seroreversion of 71 and 49 days after symptom onset. In contrast, anti-RBD IgG responses decayed slowly through 90 days with only 3 seropositive individuals seroreverting within this time period. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 RBD were strongly correlated with anti-S neutralizing antibody titers, which demonstrated little to no decrease over 75 days since symptom onset. We observed no cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeted antibodies with other widely circulating coronaviruses (HKU1, 229 E, OC43, NL63). These data suggest that RBD-targeted antibodies are excellent markers of previous and recent infection, that differential isotype measurements can help distinguish between recent and older infections, and that IgG responses persist over the first few months after infection and are highly correlated with neutralizing antibodies.

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Human serum antibody responses to oral microorganisms IV. Correlation with homologous infection

Oral Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1399-302x.1987.tb00290.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

J. L. Ebersole ◽

M. A. Taubman ◽

D. J. Smith ◽

D. E. Frey ◽

A. D. Haffajee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Serum ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Oral Microorganisms

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Association of Combined Sero-Positivity to Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus gallolyticus with Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8111698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1698

Author(s):

Meira Epplein ◽

Loïc Le Marchand ◽

Timothy L. Cover ◽

Mingyang Song ◽

William J. Blot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Regression Models ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Vacuolating Cytotoxin ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽

Increased Risk

Previously, we found that risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increased in individuals with serum antibody response to both Helicobacter pylori (HP) Vacuolating Cytotoxin (VacA) toxin or Streptococcus gallolyticus (SGG) pilus protein Gallo2178. In the present analysis, we tested the hypothesis that combined seropositivity to both antigens is a better indicator of CRC risk than seropositivity to single antigens. We used multiplex serologic assays to analyze pre-diagnostic serum for antibody responses from 4063 incident CRC cases and 4063 matched controls from 10 US cohorts. To examine whether combined SGG Gallo2178 and HP VacA sero-status was associated with CRC risk, we used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared to dual sero-negative individuals, there was no increased risk for individuals sero-positive to SGG Gallo2178 only (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.66–1.31) or to HP VacA only (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.98–1.19). However, dual sero-positive individuals had a >50% increased odds of developing CRC (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.16–2.04), suggesting an interaction between antibody responses to these two pathogens and CRC risk (pinteraction = 0.06). In conclusion, this study suggests that dual sero-positivity to HP VacA and SGG Gallo2178 is an indicator of increased risk of CRC.

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Rapid Detection of Serum Antibody by Dual-Path Platform VetTB Assay in White-Tailed Deer Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00120-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 907-911 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽

Rena Greenwald ◽

Javan Esfandiari ◽

Daniel J. O'Brien ◽

Stephen M. Schmitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Skin Testing ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Content Type ◽

In The Wild ◽

Free Ranging

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (TB) in cervids remains a significant problem affecting farmed herds and wild populations. Traditional skin testing has serious limitations in certain species, whereas emerging serological assays showed promising diagnostic performance. The recently developed immunochromatographic dual-path platform (DPP) VetTB assay has two antigen bands, T1 (MPB83 protein) and T2 (CFP10/ESAT-6 fusion protein), for antibody detection. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of this test by using serum samples collected from groups of white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated withMycobacterium bovis,M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, orM. bovisBCG Pasteur. In addition, we used serum samples from farmed white-tailed deer in herds with no history of TB, as well as from free-ranging white-tailed deer culled during field surveillance studies performed in Michigan known to have bovine TB in the wild deer population. The DPP VetTB assay detected antibody responses in 58.1% of experimentally infected animals within 8 to 16 weeks postinoculation and in 71.9% of naturally infected deer, resulting in an estimated test sensitivity of 65.1% and a specificity of 97.8%. The higher seroreactivity found in deer with naturally acquiredM. bovisinfection was associated with an increased frequency of antibody responses to the ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins, resulting in a greater contribution of these antigens, in addition to MPB83, to the detection of seropositive animals, compared with experimentalM. bovisinfection. Deer experimentally inoculated with eitherM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisorM. bovisBCG Pasteur did not produce cross-reactive antibodies that could be detected by the DPP VetTB assay. The present findings demonstrate the relatively high diagnostic accuracy of the DPP VetTB test for white-tailed deer, especially in the detection of naturally infected animals.

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