An evaluation of the use of short-term weight changes in grazing sheep for estimating herbage intake

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. PENNING ◽  
G. E. HOOPER
Keyword(s):  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Grazing Sheep

The determinants of herbage intake by grazing sheep: The interrelationship of factors influencing herbage intake and availability

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Allden ◽  
IA McDWhittaker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Animal Size

The interrelationship of characters of the pasture (herbage yield, height of sward) and of the animal (size of animal, rate of intake, rate of biting, size of bite, and time spent grazing) which influence the consumption of herbage by the grazing sheep was examined in three short-term experiments. In one study the high correlation usually observed between herbage yield per unit of land area and plant height was disturbed by manipulating the spatial relations of the sward; it was observed that the rate of intake of pasture by grazing animals was closely associated with plant height (estimated from tiller length) there being little relation between herbage yield and intake. Size of bite increased almost linearly with changing tiller length, whereas after a small initial increase the rate of biting decreased. These differences produced a sevenfold change in the rate of herbage consumption between sheep grazing pastures of 3.7 cm tiller length (1.0 g dry matter/min) and 7.7 cm (7.1 g/min). At greater tiller lengths the size of bite and rate of biting varied inversely to maintain a constant rate of intake. When accessibility of herbage imposed limitations on the rate at which the animal was able to prehend its feed, it was shown that the sheep was able partially to compensate for the reduced amount of herbage present by an increase in grazing time (from 6 to 13 hr/day). However, as the animal extended its period of grazing the compensation became progressively more incomplete. Under sparse pasture conditions lambs were able to consume feed at a significantly greater rate than yearlings but as pasture availability increased the situation was reversed. The role of short-term grazing studies in relation to problems of grazing management is discussed.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis comparing short-term weight and cardiometabolic changes between olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manit Srisurapanont ◽  
Sirijit Suttajit ◽  
Surinporn Likhitsathian ◽  
Benchalak Maneeton ◽  
Narong Maneeton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment

AbstractThis study compared weight and cardiometabolic changes after short-term treatment of olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine. Eligible criteria for an included trial were ≤ 24 weeks, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine treatments in patients/healthy volunteers and reported weight or cardiometabolic outcomes. Three databases were searched on October 31, 2020. Primary outcomes included weight changes and all-cause dropout rates. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) were computed and pooled using a random-effect model. This meta-analysis included four RCTs (n = 1195). The heterogeneous data revealed that weight changes were not significantly different between olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine groups (4 RCTs, SDM = − 0.19, 95% CI − 0.45 to 0.07, I2 = 75%). The whole-sample, pooled RR of all-cause dropout rates (4 RCTs, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.23, I2 = 0%) was not significant different between olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine groups. A lower percentage of males and a lower initial body mass index were associated with the greater effect of samidorphan in preventing olanzapine-induced weight gain. Current evidence is insufficient to support the use of samidorphan to prevent olanzapine-induced weight gain and olanzapine-induced cardiometabolic abnormalities. Samidorphan is well accepted by olanzapine-treated patients.

scholarly journals The effects of low-dose gamma-irradiation on the wholesomeness of mangoes (Mangifera indica) as determined by short-term feeding studies using rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Mango Pulp

1. A control diet and diets containing 150 g non-irradiated or 150 g irradiated mangopulp/kg were given to female rats from day 15 of the gestation period until weaning in trials 1 and 2, and from 40 d before mating until 28 d post weaning in trial 3.2. Food intake and dry-matter digestibility were similar with all diets.3. There were no significant differences between animals given the different dietary regimens in the daily body-weight changes of weanling males, pups, nursing females or females during the immediate postlactation period.4. No differences in haematological or blood chemistry values were found which could be attributed to the ingestion of irradiated mangoes. There was no evidence for the presence of any toxic substances in the irradiated-mango-pulp diet.5. Gross pathological observations revealed no aberrations which could be related to the ingestion of irradiated mangoes.6. It may be concluded that the wholesomeness of mangoes was not affected by gammairradiation at a dose of 75 krd.

scholarly journals Food Groups as Predictors for Short-Term Weight Changes in Men and Women of the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort

2002 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Schulz ◽  
Anja Kroke ◽  
Angela D. Liese ◽  
Kurt Hoffmann ◽  
Manuela M. Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Groups ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Short-term weight changes in community-dwelling older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Weight Change Substudy

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Sun Lee ◽  
Stephen B Kritchevsky ◽  
Tamara B Harris ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Susan M Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Mayes ◽  
C. S. Lamb ◽  
Patricia M. Colgrove
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Palmitic Acids

SUMMARYThe recovery in the faeces of the n-alkanes of herbage (odd-chain, C27–C35) and of dosed artificial alkanes (even-chain, C28 and C32) was studied in twelve 4-month-old castrated male lambs. The lambs received three levels of cut, fresh perennial ryegrass or a mixed diet of perennial ryegrass (0·70) and a barley-based concentrate (0·30) (500–900 g D.M./day). C28 and C32 n-alkanes (130 mg each), absorbed onto shredded paper, were given once daily for 17 days to test whether the recoveries of herbage and dosed alkanes were similar to enable their use as markers for determining the herbage intake of grazing sheep. Stearic and palmitic acids (130 mg each) were given with the dosed alkanes to half of the animals with the objective of facilitating emulsification of the dosed alkanes within the digestive tract.With the exception of C27 n-alkane, the faecal recoveries of all alkanes were unaffected by diet, feeding level or emulsifying agent. Faecal recovery of odd- chain herbage n-alkanes increased with increasing C-chain length. The recovery of the dosed C28 n-alkane was slightly greater than the recoveries of both C27, and C29 n-alkanes of herbage. The recoveries of the dosed C32 n-alkane and the herbage C33-alkane were the same.The mean herbage intake estimated using C33 and C32 n-alkanes was identical to the actual herbage intake. Other alkane pairs gave slight underestimates of herbage intake ranging from 3·5% for the C28–C29 pair to 7·6% for the C27–C28 pair. No cyclical pattern of n-alkane excretion throughout the day was observed. Examination of daily variations in faecal alkane concentrations indicated that the start of alkane dosing should precede the sampling of faeces by at least 6 days.These results suggest that accurate estimation of herbage intake in grazing sheep is possible from the simultaneous use of dosed C32 and herbage C33 n-alkanes as markers.The method may be particularly useful in enabling unbiased estimates of herbage intake to be made in animals receiving supplementary feed.

Wool production of grazing sheep supplemented with casein and formaldehyde-treated casein

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Grazing Sheep

For 59 days grazing Merino wethers were given 0, 40, or 80 g of sodium caseinate each day directly into the abomasum. Clean wool production was increased by 35 and 38 per cent after giving 40 and 80 g per day respectively. In a second experiment grazing Merino wethers were given 0 or 80 g casein, or 40 or 80 g casein treated with formaldehyde (HCHO-casein) each day through cannulae inserted into the rumen. Wool production was increased by 22, 38, and 51 per cent by the 80 g casein, 40 g HCHO-casein and 80 g HCHO-casein treatments respectively. In a third experiment Merino wethers, in which rumen cannulae had been prepared, were grazed at a high and low stocking rate, and were given daily 0, 20, 40, or 60 g HCHO-casein through the rumen cannulae. Wool production and efficiency of wool production increased, and herbage intake declined as the level of supplementary feeding increased.

628 Short-term herbage intake of grazing multiparous and primiparous Holstein cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 307-307
Author(s):  
J. P. Soutto ◽  
P. Gauthier ◽  
P. Pellaton ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
P. Chilibroste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Herbage Intake

The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract This study investigated weight changes of seven different light-cured composite restorative materials, one polyacid glass ionomer compomer, and one light-cured glass-ionomer cement following short-term and long-term storage in water. Two packable composites, three universal (hybrid) composites, one microglass composite, one polyacid glass ionomer resin composite (compomer), one microhybrid low-viscosity (flowable) composite, and one light cured glass ionomer composite cement were evaluated in this study. The weight changes of these specimens were measured daily (short-term storage), and they were measured after six weeks (long-term storage) using an electronic analytical balance. A significant difference was found in Ionoliner, Dyract AP, Opticor flow, Charisma, and Solitare 2, but no significant difference was found in the others (Filtek Z 250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum, and Valux Plus). Weight change showed a tendency to increase with the time of water storage. The greatest weight change occurred in light-cured glass ionomer composite cement (Ionoliner), which is followed in order by the weight changes in Dyract AP, Opticor Flow, Charisma, Solitare 2, Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum; Valux Plus had the least amount of change. Citation Keyf F, Yalcin F. The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:072-079.

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