scholarly journals Two Lactobacillus strains, isolated from breast milk, differently modulate the immune response

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Díaz-Ropero ◽  
R. Martín ◽  
S. Sierra ◽  
F. Lara-Villoslada ◽  
J.M. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Breast Milk

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism Has Low Impact on the Response against Rotavirus Infection in Suckling Rats

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Carla Morales-Ferré ◽  
Ignasi Azagra-Boronat ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Àngels Franch ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Antibody Levels

Rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading pathogens causing severe and acute diarrhea in children and animals. It is well known that sex contributes to shaping immune responses, thus it could also influence the incidence and severity of the RV infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of sexual dimorphism on RV infection and its antibody (Ab) immune response in a suckling rat model. Neonatal suckling rats were intragastrically RV-inoculated and clinical indexes derived from fecal samples, as well as immune variables were evaluated. Higher severity of diarrhea, fecal weight and viral elimination were observed in males compared to females (p < 0.05). Regarding the adaptative immunity, the RV shaped the immune response to lower IgG1 levels and an increased Th1/Th2-associated Ab response (p < 0.05). Although females had lower IgG2a levels than males (p < 0.05), the specific anti-RV antibody levels were not sex influenced. In fact, at this age the passive transfer of anti-RV antibodies through breast milk was the critical factor for clustering animals, independently of their sex. It can be concluded that male and female diarrhea severity in RV infection is slightly influenced by sexual dimorphism and is not associated with the specific immune response against the virus.

scholarly journals Human Breast-Milk Feeding Enhances the Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Neonatal Piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (11) ◽  
pp. 1860-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Miklavcic ◽  
Thomas M Badger ◽  
Anne K Bowlin ◽  
Katelin S Matazel ◽  
Mario A Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Milk Feeding

Breast Milk Transmission of Maternal Alloantibodies Activates a Postnatal Immune Response That Limits Allogeneic Engraftment after in Utero Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Murine Model

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 362-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetri J. Merianos ◽  
Eleonor Tiblad ◽  
Pablo Laje ◽  
Masayuki Endo ◽  
Philip W. Zoltick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Chimeric Mice ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Alloreactive T Cells

Abstract In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (IUHCT) is a potential alternative to postnatal HSCT for treatment of congenital hematologic disorders. We have recently documented in the murine model that, in contrast to the results for congenic IUHCT where 100% of recipients maintain permanent mixed hematopoietic chimerism, 70% of recipients of allogeneic IUHCT lose their chimerism by four weeks of age. We hypothesized that there was an adaptive immune barrier that was differentially activated in non-chimeric versus chimeric mice. To directly test this hypothesis, we compared the frequency of allospecific T-cells by the quantitative in vivo MLR assay in chimeric versus non-chimeric mice, as well as immunized and non-injected control mice. After IUHCT of GFP+ B6 BM cells into E14 Balb/c fetuses, lymphocytes were harvested from 4 week old Balb/c recipients, CFSE stained, and injected into F1 recipients, and F1 spleens were then FACS analyzed for frequency of alloreactive T cells at 96hrs. The frequency of alloreactive T cells in chimeric mice was 2.034 ± 0.562 percent of CD4+, CFSE+ input lymphocytes as compared to 6.323 ± 1.185 percent in non-chimeric mice (p=0.010). We also compared allospecific humoral response in the same groups by flow cytometric assay for anti-donor IgG. Serum was isolated from 4 week old Balb/c IUHCT recipients and incubated with B6 target cells and anti-IgG secondary antibody for detection of alloantibodies. Anti-IgG immunofluorescence was increased 9.512 ± 3.183 fold as compared to 1.097 ± 0.113 fold over controls in non-chimeric and chimeric mice respectively (p=0.013), and showed dose dependence with regard to serum concentration. These results confirm that loss of chimerism after allogeneic IUHCT in the murine model is associated with activation of an allospecific adaptive immune response. We further hypothesized that the source of immune activation was the mature maternal immune system, rather than the immature fetal immune system. To test this hypothesis, we performed IUHCT and used non-injected foster moms as the source of breast milk. Remarkably, we found that 17/17 pups raised by foster moms maintained long-term (&gt; 4 months) donor cell chimerism, as compared to 15/52 pups raised by injected moms (p&lt;0.0001). We then analyzed the injected moms for the presence of alloantibodies at P1 (one week after IUHCT), P8 and P28. At P1, 10/10 were negative for the presence of alloantibodies, while 8/10 were positive for the presence of alloantibodies at P8 as well as P28 (p=0.0007). We have subsequently identified a positive correlation between the number of aborted fetuses and the magnitude of the maternal humoral response (correlation coefficient=0.6, n=15, p=0.018). In fact, the absence of a maternal anti-donor humoral response is only observed in pregnancies with no aborted fetuses and the injected pups from these pregnancies are all chimeric. These results indicate that IUHCT at E14 in the murine model results in maternal immunization through fetal loss and production of alloantibodies which are then transferred in breast milk to pups, triggering an adaptive immune response and resulting in loss of chimerism in 70% of pups by four weeks of age. These findings explain the apparent contradiction of activation of an alloimmune response by IUHCT in the pre-immune fetal recipient and once again validate the concept of fetal immune tolerance as permissive for allogeneic engraftment after IUHCT. The importance of this mechanism of loss of chimerism after IUHCT in large animal or clinical settings is unknown and will be the focus of future investigations. In addition, our observations may have broad implications for autoimmune disease and the immune consequences of maternal-fetal cellular trafficking.

Immunoregulatory Functions of Breast Milk and Development of the Infant Intestinal Mucosa Immune Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Min F. Zhang ◽  
Heddy Zola ◽  
Leanna C. Read ◽  
Irmeli A. Penttila
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa

Cytomegalovirus Infection of Breast Milk and Transmission in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyer Dworsky ◽  
Martha Yow ◽  
Sergio Stagno ◽  
Robert F. Pass ◽  
Charles Alford
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Chronic Sequelae

Of unselected postpartum women, 39% reactivated cytomegalovirus in breast milk, vaginal secretions, urine, and/or saliva. Consumption of infected breast milk led to infection of 69% of the infants. Although there was some milk secretory immune response to this virus, it prevented neither viral shedding nor viral transmission. All infected infants chronically shed cytomegalovirus. However, no infants have yet demonstrated chronic sequelae. Two preterm infants did develop a significantly acute problem, pneumonitis, which did resolve. The possibility that an unnecessary and perhaps more severe illness might occur in low-birth-weight seronegative infants fed banked human milk from sources other than the mother is disturbing and needs resolution.

Compartmentalization of the IgG immune response to HIV-1 in breast milk

AIDS ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Becquart ◽  
Hakim Hocini ◽  
Benoit Garin ◽  
Abdoulaye Sépou ◽  
Michel D. Kazatchkine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of the breast milk microRNA impact on the immune response of a newborn with intrauterine growth retardation

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
O.E. Abaturov ◽  
◽  
A.O. Tovarnytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The One

This literature review provides current information about intrauterine growth retardation (IGR) as one of the causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is a sustaining trend to augmentation of the UGR level despite the new methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention development. Furthermore, there is high percentage of complications among children with IGR at any age. Therefore, early diagnostics of accompanying diseases in children with IGR sparks the interest, especially in view of the fact the new diagnostic methods incipience. The article highlights the features of the neonatal immune response, including the one in children with IGR. These data indicate the predominance of non-specific immune response over specific one, prevalence of generalized inflammation, decreased activity of phagocytes, neutrophils, specific antigen-presenting cells (APC) as a response to most of the Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRAs), high levels of interleukin-6 and interleuken-23. Moreover, analyzed sources demonstrate spurt of growth of the levels of proinflammatory factors, despite the fact of their relatively low levels in neonates with IGR right after birth. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines on the ground of systemic inflammation is an unfavorable factor of the course of the disease. In addition, the review contents the information about microRNA presence in the breast milk. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 19–23 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of the target gene. Breast milk microRNAs are resistant to the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract of the child and are mainly absorbed. There are the data, proving the change of the transcriptome of the breast milk microRNA depending on the gestational age, the nature of labor, the mother's diet, her medication. According to the mentioned studies, the breast milk microRNA, that are detected in the early stages of lactation (miR-155, miR-148a, miR-146b, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-17), probably change the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and regulate acuity of the child's immune response. Research of the breast milk microRNA may be important for the prediction of the presence of possible inflammatory complications in a child with IGR. We used such databases as Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, RSCI for writing the article. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine growth restriction, IGR, breast milk, microRNA, miR, immune response, immunity, review.

scholarly journals Effect of human breast milk on innate immune response: Up-regulation of bacterial pattern recognition receptors and innate cytokines in THP-1 monocytic cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110261
Author(s):  
Won-Ho Hahn ◽  
Soon Young Shin ◽  
Jun Hwan Song ◽  
Nam Mi Kang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages

Human breast milk (HBM) contains many bioactive components that protect infants from various microorganisms. Pattern recognition receptors on phagocytic cells recognize microbial pathogens and promote the innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HBM on the expression of pattern recognition receptors and innate cytokines in the monocytic cell line THP-1 and the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages. Expression levels of specific mRNAs in THP-1 cells were quantitated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Phagocytic activity was measured by fluorescence microscopy to detect the uptake of fluorescent dye-labeled carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex beads in RAW264.7 macrophages. HBM stimulated the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages. HBM increased mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors, including the cluster of differentiation 14 and toll-like receptor 2 and 4, and various innate cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine 8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, in THP-1 monocytic cells. Furthermore, milk oligosaccharides in HBM, such as lacto- N-fucopentaose I, enhanced the expression of pattern recognition receptors and various innate cytokines. HBM is able to modulate the innate immune response by upregulating the expression of pattern recognition receptors and various innate cytokines in monocytes/macrophages.

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