The Control of Chlorophyll Accumulation in Leaves of Marquis Wheat by Temperature and Light Intensity.. I. The Rate of Chlorophyll Accumulation and Maximal Absolute Chlorophyll Contents

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation

Chemical Regulation of Plastid Development. I. Inhibition of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Detached Pumpkin Cotyledons by CPTA. A Pigment and Ultrastructual Study

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Simpson ◽  
CO Chichester ◽  
TH Lee
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Plastid Ultrastructure ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation

The effects of 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)ethyldiethylammonium chloride (CPTA) on chlorophyll accumulation, carotenoid biosynthesis and plastid ultrastructure were examined in expanding excised pumpkin cotyledons. CPTA in the dark caused an increased synthesis of non-photoconvertible protochlorophyll but had no effect on the ultrastructure of the starch-containing plastids. In the light, CPTA was a powerful inhibitor of chlorophyll synthesis in greening cotyledons, especially at high light intensity, and induced the accumulation of lycopene. When applied to the greened cotyledons, CPTA caused the transformation of the chloroplasts to chromoplast-like organelles containing osmiophilic globules and lycopene crystalloids. Two other structurally similar compounds,diethyl[4-{3'-(4"-methylphenyl)-3-oxoprop-2' -enyl}phenoxyethyl]ammonium chloride (SK&F 13831) and (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat), also caused lycopene accumulation and inhibited chlorophyll synthesis. It is possible that CPTA can induce the formation of chromoplasts from proplastids and chloroplasts in tissue that does not normally contain such organelles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Culture Physical Conditions and Explant Type and Source on the Growth and Multiplication of Ficus benjamina in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 873F-873
Author(s):  
N.S. Al-Khalifah ◽  
P.G. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Shoot cultures of Ficus benjamina cv. Cleo showed a variable response to light intensity in the range of 8 to 50 μmol–m–2–s–1. The highest leaf area occurred at 15 μmol–m–2–s–1 and shoot length and chlorophyll contents increased with the decrease of light intensity. Incubating explants for 8 weeks at 25 and 35C showed that shoot length increased at 35C; however, shoot multiplication, leaf number, root number, and callus weight were higher at 25C. Shoot-tip explants were superior to axillary buds when cultured or subcultured for shoot elongation, whereas axillary buds were better for shoot multiplication. Shoot tips with two or three small leaves appeared to be the best explants for fast growth and healthy cultures of F. benjamina.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Degrading and Chlorophyll Accumulation Lead to the Formation of Bicolor Leaf in Ornamental Kale

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Weishu Chen ◽  
Hezi Xu ◽  
Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Lateral Organ ◽  
Ornamental Kale ◽  
Anthocyanin Degradation

Ornamental kale is a popular decorative plant. We identified a peculiar bicolor leaf double haploid line, with green margins and red centers. The development of bicolor leaves can be divided into three stages: S1, S2, and S3. To probe the reason for bicolor formation, we analyzed the anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents, detected the changes in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin 3 (GA3), sugar, and starch contents, and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA-seq. Results showed that the bicolor leaf phenotype is gradually formed with anthocyanin degrading and chlorophyll accumulation. Anthocyanin content is lower in the green margin (S3_S) than in the red center (S3_C) part at S3. IAA content was positively correlated with anthocyanin content during the bicolor leaf development. During anthocyanin degrading from S1 to S2, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) were downregulated, while lateral organ boundaries domain 39 (LBD39) was upregulated. Two peroxidases, two β-glucosidases (BGLU), LBD39, LBD37, detoxifying efflux carrier 35 (DTX35), three no apical meristem (NAC) transcription factors (TFs), and 15 WRKY DNA-binding protein (WRKY) TFs were downregulated in S3_S vs. S3_C. The bicolor phenotype was mainly linked to anthocyanin degrading and chlorophyll accumulation, and that anthocyanin degrading resulted from reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis and increased anthocyanin degradation.

scholarly journals Exogenously applied 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated physiochemical regulations ameliorate weak light stress in tobacco seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Najia Li ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Xuefeng Zong ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Daibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Weak Light

Experiments were conducted to study the deleterious impacts of low intensity light on physiochemical and agronomic attributes of tobacco, to evaluate varying doses of foliar 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for alleviation of adverse impacts of low light intensity and to observe either 5-ALA modulated physiochemical regulations impart stress tolerance at agronomic level. Significant decrease of biomass accumulation, synthesis of osmo-protectants, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence and increase in malondialdehyde were recorded compared to control. Exogenous application of 5-ALA excellently alleviated adverse impacts of low light intensity stress on agronomic and physiochemical attributes of tobacco seedlings. Conclusively, Light stress had adverse implications on all studied attributes while 5-ALA at 10-20 mg/l had remarkable alleviated deleterious impacts of light stress on plant.

scholarly journals The chlorophyll contents and growth performances of West Java (Indonesia) jobtears (Coix lacryma-jobi) accessions under low light intensity conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi Juhaeti ◽  
NINIK SETYOWATI ◽  
FAUZIA SYARIF
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Low Light ◽  
West Java ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Performances

Abstract. Juhaeti T, Setyowati N, Syarif F. 2020. The chlorophyll contents and growth performances of West Java (Indonesia)  jobtears (Coix lacryma-jobi) accessions under low light intensity conditions. Biodiversitas 21: 5178-5185. The research was carried out to study the shading tolerance of five jobtears (Coix lacryma-jobi L) accession collected from Bandung, Kuningan, Garut, Sukabumi, and Sumedang West Java Indonesia. The existence of shade-tolerant jobtears was important to increasing its cultivation for food diversification effort. The research was conducted in the Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors. The first factors were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% shading intensity. The second factors were five West Java jobtears accession, namely Bandung, Kuningan, Garut, Sukabumi, and Sumedang accession. The shading intensity set up artificially by the black plastic net. Jobtears seeds planted on planting beds on 70x100 planting distance. The variable observed included microclimate, plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and grain production. The result indicated that jobtears accession showed differences in growth and production characters. Low light intensity significantly affected plant growth and production. The plant height, leaf number, and chlorophyll content variables increased until 50% shading intensity and then decreased by 75% shading. Plant production decreased by the increased of shading intensity. The Bandung and Garut accessions can be determined as a potential low-light tolerant accession due to its better growth and production compared with others and the lowest percentage of decreased production. For further research, the Garut and Bandung accession can be used as a genetic biodiversity source for shading tolerance breeding efforts.

Fine structure of the retina of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
C.V.L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Preliminary Observation ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Scanning Electron

The overall fine structure of the eye in Placopecten is similar to that of other scallops. The optic tentacle consists of an outer columnar epithelium which is modified into a pigmented iris and a cornea (Fig. 1). This capsule encloses the cellular lens, retina, reflecting argentea and the pigmented tapetum. The retina is divided into two parts (Fig. 2). The distal retina functions in the detection of movement and the proximal retina monitors environmental light intensity. The purpose of the present study is to describe the ultrastructure of the retina as a preliminary observation on eye development. This is also the first known presentation of scanning electron microscope studies of the eye of the scallop.

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
S. R. Barnum ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. G. Jaworskl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

Inter-Method Reliability of Pulse Volume Related Measures Derived Using Finger-Photoplethysmography

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Matsumura ◽  
Koichi Shimizu ◽  
Peter Rolfe ◽  
Masanori Kakimoto ◽  
Takehiro Yamakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Current Component ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Pulse Volume ◽  
Optical Paths ◽  
Sensor Positions

Abstract. Pulse volume (PV) and its related measures, such as modified normalized pulse volume (mNPV), direct-current component (DC), and pulse rate (PR), derived from the finger-photoplethysmogram (FPPG), are useful psychophysiological measures. Although considerable uncertainties exist in finger-photoplethysmography, little is known about the extent of the adverse effects on the measures. In this study, we therefore examined the inter-method reliability of each index across sensor positions and light intensities, which are major disturbance factors of FPPG. From the tips of the index fingers of 12 participants in a resting state, three simultaneous FPPGs having overlapping optical paths were recorded, with their light intensity being changed in three steps. The analysis revealed that the minimum values of three coefficients of Cronbach’s α for ln PV, ln mNPV, ln DC, and PR across positions were .948, .850, .922, and 1.000, respectively, and that those across intensities were .774, .985, .485, and .998, respectively. These findings suggest that ln mNPV and PR can be used for psychophysiological studies irrespective of minor differences in sensor attachment positions and light source intensity, whereas and ln DC can also be used for such studies but under the condition of light intensity being fixed.

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