Glucose and Insulin Responses to Glucagon Injection in Dairy Cows with Ketotis and Fatty Live

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steen ◽  
H. Grønstøl ◽  
P. A. Torjesen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Glucagon Injection ◽  
Insulin Responses

Effect of propionate infusion on plasma glucagon, insulin and growth hormone concentrations in lactating dairy cows

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sartin ◽  
K. A. Cummins ◽  
R.J. Kemppainen ◽  
R. Carnes ◽  
D. G. McClary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Insulin Responses

Abstract. Altered concentrations of metabolic hormones have been suggested as important mediators of energy partitioning during early lactation. This study was initiated to determine the effects of propionate (1.0 mmol/kg body weight) infusion on plasma concentrations of glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, propionate and glucose at 14 days ante-partum (AP) and days 5 and 30 postpartum (PP). No differences were seen in propionate concentrations between sampling days. Glucose concentrations were elevated following propionate infusion in pregnant cows but were not elevated in the PP cows. Insulin responses to propionate infusion did not differ between days while the glucagon response was blunted at day 5 PP. Basal glucagon concentrations were elevated between days 5 and 30 PP, insulin concentrations were unchanged between days, while the molar insulin/glucagon ratio was decreased during early lactation. Basal growth hormone (GH) concentrations were elevated between day 14 AP and day 30 PP. GH responsiveness to declining propionate concentrations was greatest at day 5 PP. These data further suggest a role for glucagon as well as GH in nutrient partitioning during early lactation.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rüegsegger ◽  
J. Ruf ◽  
A. Tschuor ◽  
Y. Sigrist ◽  
M. Rosskopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

Influence of the herbal component of a commercial feed additive on serum parameters, fertility and longevity of dairy cows

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Walkenhorst ◽  
S Ivemeyer ◽  
J Spranger ◽  
G Arndt ◽  
R Schaette
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Commercial Feed

Relation between intravascular electrolyte level and course of parturition in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seyrek-Intas ◽  
K. Failing ◽  
G. Yilmazbas Mecitoglu ◽  
H. Bostedt ◽  
D. Seyrek-Intas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
P Values ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrolyte Homeostasis ◽  
Convalescence Phase

Summary Objective: To determine the intravascular electrolyte status in dairy cows with respect to age and different courses of parturition to clarify etiological factors influencing peri- or intrapartal imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis. Material and methods: A total of 64 cows at birth were evaluated (primiparous n = 34, pluriparous n = 30). Thirty-three cows showed normal delivery, while 31 cows had a complicated birth. Blood samples were collected intra partum (i. p.) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 h post partum (p. p.) as well as [2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 days p. p. and levels of total calcium (Catotal), ionized calcium (Caion), inorganic phosphate (Pa), Mg, Na, K, Cl were determined. Results: The results revealed that electrolytes show great fluctuation during and immediately p. p. in relation to age. Already during parturition pluriparous cows had a lower Catotal and Pa concentration compared to primiparous animals. Cows with dystocia exhibited a more intensive and longer lasting decrease of Ca compared to cows with normal birth. In relation to age and severity of birth Pa concentration showed a differing but basically typical course for this electrolyte. Mg, Na, K and Cl concentrations were higher during and immediately after birth compared to p. p. values. Until day 10 p. p. these electrolyte concentrations declined more in older cows with dystocia compared to younger animals. However, the influence of dystocia on concentration of these electrolytes was milder in contrast to Ca and Pa. Conclusions: In summary, primarily older cows are predisposed to imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis intra partum and at the beginning of the lactation. These changes are potentiated in case of complications during parturition. Intravascular Catotal, Caion as well as Pa are most severely affected. Clinical relevance: These results may constitute the basis for a comprehensive metaphylaxis during the peripartal period, especially in cows after dystocia, to positively influence the early convalescence phase.

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