Numbers of pink sugarcane mealy bug, Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), differ within seasons and among regions and stages of the sugarcane crop cycle

The frequent occurrence of prolonged droughts has become a very negative factor in the sugarcane crop production worldwide. Ratoon sugarcane, after second crop cycle, can response to drought stress is different as first crop cycle. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the biometric and physiological responses of sugarcane varieties under drought stress conditions of ratoon crop sugarcane. Our hypothesis is that some biometric and physiological characteristics of sugarcane are correlated with its drought tolerance. Six sugarcane varieties were used: 1-RB72910, 2-RB99382, 3-RB72454, 4-RB92579, 5-RB855536 and 6-RB931011, and three water treatments based on soil available water content (SAWC) and defined as: 1-control, 80 to 100% SAWC; 2-moderate water stress, 40 to 60% SAWC and 3-severe water stress, 0 to 20% SAWC. The RB92579 variety was the most tolerant to drought, with less alteration in its biometric and physiological characteristics under drought stress. On the other hand, RB72454 variety was the most affected by drought stress, with high reduction in gas exchange and plant growth. Sugarcane leaf width, specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency were quite sensitive to changes in soil moisture and can be used by breeding programs to discriminate sugarcane varieties more tolerant to drought stress.

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Sugarcane Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation Scheduling Based on Planting Dates at Kenana Sugarcane Plantation

Oct. 17-19, 2017 Dubai (UAE) ◽

10.15242/dirpub.dir1017218 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Sugarcane Crop

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Spectral responses of soybean leaflets crops to different water conditions and tillage systems

Agrometeoros ◽

10.31062/agrom.v26i1.26365 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tatiana Silva de Almeida ◽

Denise Cybis Fontana ◽

Homero Bergamaschi

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Incident Radiation ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Integrating Sphere ◽

Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Spectral Responses

The state of Rio Grande do Sul is one of the greatest Brazilian soybean producers, which justifies the use of remote sensing techniques for monitoring areas occupied by this crop. The purpose of this work was to characterize throughout the crop cycle the variability of spectral responses of soybean leaflets, subjected to different conditions of soil tillage and water supply. The experiment was carried out in a 0.5 ha area, located in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, in two systems of soil tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and two levels of water supply (irrigated and non-irrigated). The cultivar Fepagro RS-10 was sown in a row spacing of 0.40 m and in a population of 400,000 plants per hectare. An integrating sphere of a spectroradiometer LI-COR, model LI-1800 was used for measuring the absorbance, reflectance, transmittance on soybean leaflets. The results showed that the pattern of the incident radiation partitioning in the reflectance, transmittance and absorbance components is influenced by the crop phenological stage and by the tillage system. Despite this, there is stability on the reflectance of soybean leaflets in the red and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, throughout the crop cycle. The inversely proportional relation between absorbance and reflectance of soybean leaflets revealed viability on the reflectance data, in monitoring of agricultural crops.

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Successive Harvests Modulate the Productive and Physiological Behavior of Three Genovese Pesto Basil Cultivars

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Luigi Formisano ◽

Michele Ciriello ◽

Christophe El-Nakhel ◽

Marios C. Kyriacou ◽

Youssef Rouphael

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Stomatal Resistance ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Net Co2 Assimilation ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

The Impact

In the Italian culinary tradition, young and tender leaves of Genovese basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are used to prepare pesto sauce, a tasty condiment that attracts the interest of the food processing industry. Like other leafy or aromatic vegetables, basil is harvested more than once during the crop cycle to maximize yield. However, the mechanical stress induced by successive cuts can affect crucial parameters associated with pesto processing (leaf/stem ratio, stem diameter, and dry matter). Our research accordingly aimed to evaluate the impact of successive harvests on three field-grown Genovese basil cultivars (“Aroma 2”, “Eleonora” and “Italiano Classico”) in terms of production, physiological behavior, and technological parameters. Between the first and second harvest, marketable fresh yield and shoot dry biomass increased by 148.4% and 172.9%, respectively; by contrast, the leaf-to-stem ratio decreased by 22.5%, while the dry matter content was unchanged. The increased fresh yield and shoot dry biomass at the second harvest derived from improved photosynthetic efficiency, which enabled higher net CO2 assimilation, Fv/Fm and transpiration as well as reduced stomatal resistance. Our findings suggest that, under the Mediterranean environment, “Italiano Classico” carries superior productive performance and optimal technological characteristics in line with industrial requirements. These promising results warrant further investigation of the impact successive harvests may have on the qualitative components of high-yielding basil genotypes with respect to consumer expectations of the final product.

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Revisiting an Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from an Egyptian Sugarcane Field in 1930

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8111633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1633

Author(s):

Mohamed F. Abdallah ◽

Kris Audenaert ◽

Sarah De Saeger ◽

Jos Houbraken

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Short Communication ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Type B ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Sugarcane Field ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Sugarcane Crop ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shed Light

The aflatoxin type B and G producer Aspergillus novoparasiticus was described in 2012 and was firstly reported from sputum, hospital air (Brazil), and soil (Colombia). Later, several survey studies reported the occurrence of this species in different foods and other agricultural commodities from several countries worldwide. This short communication reports on an old fungal strain (CBS 108.30), isolated from Pseudococcus sacchari (grey sugarcane mealybug) from an Egyptian sugarcane field in (or before) 1930. This strain was initially identified as Aspergillus flavus; however, using the latest taxonomy schemes, the strain is, in fact, A. novoparasiticus. These data and previous reports indicate that A. novoparasiticus is strongly associated with sugarcane, and pre-harvest biocontrol approaches with non-toxigenic A. novoparasiticus strains are likely to be more successful than those using non-toxigenic A. flavus strains. Further studies on the association between A. novoparasiticus and Pseudococcus sacchari might shed light on the distribution (and aflatoxin contamination) of this species in sugarcane. Additionally, the interaction between A. novoparasiticus, Pseudococcus sacchari, and sugarcane crop under different scenarios of climate change will be critical in order to get more insight into the host–pathogen interaction and host resistance and propose appropriate prevention strategies to decrease mycotoxin contamination and crop loss due to A. novoparasiticus attack.

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GROWTH DYNAMICS OF SESAME CULTIVARS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n430rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 1062-1068

Author(s):

Rayanne Maria Paula Ribeiro ◽

José Ricardo Tavares de Albuquerque ◽

Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽

Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽

Leilson Costa Grangeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Beginning Of Flowering ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Physiological Complexity

ABSTRACT Sesame is a plant with high morphological and physiological complexity, with great variability in growth habit. Quantitative growth analysis is an accessible and accurate tool for evaluating plant development and the contribution of different physiological processes to plant performance. In view of this, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of sesame cultivars in two cropping seasons in the conditions of Mossoró-RN. Two experiments were conducted in Horta Didactics of UFERSA. The experimental delineation in each time was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in split plots where each experimental plot contained different sesame cultivars, CNPA G2, CNPA G3 and CNPA G4, and the subplots represented seven collection times, 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). The growth of the sesame cultivars was slow at the beginning of the crop cycle, intensifying at the beginning of flowering (after 35 DAS). Among the physiological indexes studied, CNPA G4 cultivar was more efficient in relation to growth and varied depending on the cropping season.

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