The majority of problems associated with the structural integrity of components, particularly those operating at high temperature, are associated with welds. The R5 procedures provide a comprehensive methodology for the assessment of structures operating within the high temperature creep regime. This includes advice on the modifications required to the basic procedure to account for weldments in creep-fatigue crack initiation assessments. The current approach is based on the use of a Fatigue Strength Reduction Factor (FSRF) which has a value according to the particular class of welded joint. The FSRF affects the calculation of creep and fatigue damage. However, the current approach can be excessively conservative for as-welded weldments which are the main type of weldments in plant. This paper outlines the proposed changes to R5, which seek to achieve the following objectives: • to simplify and clarify the current advice for creep-fatigue initiation assessments of weldments, whilst maintaining a conservative assessment procedure; • to have a robust procedure which can be applied to complex components and loading conditions. The new approach separates the FSRF into two components which are as follows: • the geometric strain enhancement due to the weldment geometry (if applicable) and the material mis-match effect between parent material and weld metal, which is called the Weld Strain Enhancement Factor (WSEF), and • the fatigue endurance reduction effect due to the presence of small imperfections (e.g. inclusions, porosity, etc.) in the weldment constituent materials, which is called the Weld Endurance Reduction (WER). The WSEF is used to determine the stress at the start of a dwell or hold period and, because it has a lower value than the FSRF (due to the removal of the WER), results in less conservative calculations of creep damage compared to the current procedure, which uses the full FSRF. For fatigue damage predictions, the modified route is broadly similar to the current route, since the combination of the WER and the WSEF in the modified route corresponds to the FSRF used in the current route. Assessments to demonstrate the improved endurance predictions using the proposed new approach have been performed on several creep-fatigue weldment features tests and examples are provided in this paper.
Use of a Novel Resistive Strain Sensor Approach in an Experimental and Theoretical Study Concerning Large Spherical Storage Tank Structure Behavior During Its Operational Life and Pressure Tests
