Chronicle of a Crisis Foretold: The Politics of Irregular Migration, Human Trafficking and People Smuggling in the UK

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Political Contention ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that a distinct repertoire of social and political contention associated with migration and the presence of immigrants in the UK plays a large part in structuring responses to ostensibly ‘new’ migration challenges such as people smuggling and human trafficking. This repertoire includes the elision and confusion of migration categories (particularly in this instance between irregular migration and asylum); the impact of state policies on the creation of ‘unwanted’ migration flows; fears of floods and invasions by ‘unwanted’ migrants; concerns that the state is losing control of migration; the depiction of migration and migrants as causes of increased support for the extreme right; the existence of labour market pull factors that provide economic spaces for both regular and irregular migrants; the symbolic power but limited effect of an international human rights regime and discourse; and problems of policy implementation. The contemporary twist is provided by the links made between irregular migration and the ‘war on terror’ and the ways in which migration has become a component of bilateral relations between the UK and other states, particularly those structured by EU competencies.

5. Irregular migration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Koser
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Host Nation

‘Irregular migration’ explores migration outside of established legal means. There are many ways for a migrant to be classed as irregular, but their motivations for leaving are the same as other migrants. Irregular migration is often seen as a threat to host nation sovereignty and, as a result, migrants are often subjected to stereotyping and xenophobia. Migrants—particularly women and children—face great hazards in simply entering the country. A multi-billion dollar industry has developed around the desire of people to move despite legal restrictions, in the form of human trafficking and migrant smuggling. These phenomena occur in all regions, and incur massive costs—and dangers—to irregular migrants.

scholarly journals A sieve that does hold a little water – gambling advertising and protection of the vulnerable in the UK

Legal Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hörnle ◽  
Malgorzata A Carran
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Persons

AbstractThe internet, social media and online profiling have fundamentally changed advertising, and the regulation of gambling advertising has not yet managed to address the challenges and opportunities arising from this technological shift. Furthermore, the regulation of gambling does not take into account sufficiently the needs of children and vulnerable persons. We review the empirical research on the impact of gambling advertising and show how regulatory standards firmly adhere to the transmission theory of communication that prioritises the communicative intent of the advertiser over how the advertising message is received by or impacts on vulnerable people. This article reviews the law on gambling advertising and argues that for gambling, the restrictions imposed by the largely co-regulatory system only have limited effect. We compare the regulation of gambling advertising, by way of analogy, to a sieve that holds only a little water, and make recommendations for legal reform.

Irregular migrants, neoliberal geographies and spatial frontiers of ‘the political’

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE McNEVIN
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Zones

AbstractIn this article I argue that the demands of irregular migrants to belong to political communities constitute key contemporary sites of ‘the political’. I also argue that geographies associated with neoliberal globalisation (transnational production circuits, special economic zones and global cities) are implicated in irregular migration flows and in new conceptions of political belonging. In relation to these claims, I reflect upon recent mobilisations in the US context, in which hundreds of thousands of irregular migrants and their supporters asserted the right to belong. I suggest that similar claims to belong are likely to proliferate and that neoliberal geographies may provide some clues as to where and how these contemporary frontiers of the political might proceed. I conclude by suggesting that a multidimensional approach to political belonging provides a sound conceptual starting point for the analytical and normative challenges raised by both the claims of non-status migrants and the sovereign practices of contemporary states.

scholarly journals The UK’s hostile environment: Deputising immigration control

2021 ◽  
pp. 026101832098065
Author(s):  
Melanie Griffiths ◽  
Colin Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health And Safety

In 2012, Home Secretary Theresa May told a newspaper that she wanted to create a ‘really hostile environment’ for irregular migrants in the UK. Although the phrase has since mutated to refer to generalised state-led marginalisation of immigrants, this article argues that the hostile environment is a specific policy approach, and one with profound significance for the UK’s border practices. We trace the ‘hostile environment’ phrase, exposing its origins in other policy realms, charting its evolution into immigration, identifying the key components and critically reviewing the corresponding legislation. The article analyses the impact and consequences of the hostile environment, appraising the costs to public health and safety, the public purse, individual vulnerability and marginalisation, and wider social relations. We conclude by identifying the fundamental flaws of the policy approach, arguing that they led to the 2018 Windrush scandal and risk creating similar problems for European Economic Area nationals after Brexit.

Editorial: Survival Strategies of Irregular Immigrants

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Martina Cvajner ◽  
Giuseppe Sciortino
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Public Identity ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Irregular Border ◽  
Migration Flows

While there are numerous research efforts, supported by substantial budgets, to study the process of irregular border crossing, there is very little sustained research on how irregular migrants live for remarkable spells of time in social contexts where they lack any certified public identity. This leads to a paradoxical situation. We know that sizeable irregular migration flows cross the borders of all developed countries (as well as some developing ones). But we know very little of how, once entered, these migrants becomes immigrants, how they achieve the minimal goals of making an income, finding a place to sleep, avoiding being caught by the police and, not infrequently, attaining some degree of security and self-respect.

scholarly journals En embuscade sur le sentier de l’argent. Une perspective internationale

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Michael Levi
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Proceeds Of Crime ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Do So

This article examines the growth of financial measures against 'organised crime' in the form of money-laundering and asset confiscation. After discussing the implications of conflicts over what crimes should be included in money-laundering statutes —e.g. drugs-only or all 'serious' crime —it summarises the findings of a research study conducted by the author into the impact of money-laundering reporting in the UK upon criminal investigation by the police and customs, and into the forfeiture of the proceeds of crime. It concludes that these measures have had a very limited effect and will continue to do so, unless more technological and human resources are put into the investigation process. Furthermore, the tendency of offenders at all but the highest levels to spend their money as they go along places limits on the likely impact of these measures, based as they are on a model of criminal organisation that is more than the reality.

scholarly journals The Readmission Agreement of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2SI) ◽  
pp. 571-581
Author(s):  
Evrim Çınar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
State Security ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Irregular Migrant

The irregular migration flows in the last decade from countries, where there are social unrest, civil wars and economic turmoil, towards developed western countries are one of the most populated human movements since the WWII. Hence each immigration flow has its own characteristics, the current irregular flows reveal a new migration outcome; the balance between State Security and Migrant Security. Since the migration policies are control based in some destination countries, they take precaution in order to reduce the irregular immigration flows by signing bilateral readmission agreements with 3rd countries. In that respect, Turkey and European Union relations in terms of irregular migration flows play a crucial and critical role due to its condition of transit migration state. The European Union accession process brought Turkey heavy duties. Controlling and preventing irregular migration became an obligation to its membership and to achieve its goals Turkey signed a readmission agreement with European Union. However, as any method of preventing irregular migration flows, Readmission Agreement of Turkey effect the balance between destination country security and irregular migrant security, especially refugees and asylum seekers rights. The main goal of this article is to find an answer to this question: does the Readmission Agreement of Turkey provide a balance between State Security and Migrant Security? This article intends to analyze the adverse security conditions of irregular migrants and state security compulsions.

scholarly journals EU policy on irregular migration: the impact of the refugee crisis 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
N. N. Bolshova
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Mediterranean Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The paper reviews the current EU policy on irregular migration under the influence of refugee crisis. This crisis urged the EU to streamline and consolidate all the available legal, political and administrative tools to reach the synergy effect in the management of immigration flows into the EU. However the main weakness of the EU approach appears to be the dependence on the opportunities and interests of the third countries (of origin and transit of irregular migrants) to cooperate effectively with the EU institutions and Member-states in such key spheres as fight against migrant smuggling, security of external borders, implementation of readmission agreements, asylum policy. The author evaluates the state of progress on the main Mediterranean migration routes since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2014, analyses some recent EU initiatives, particularly the EU NAVFOR MED Operation Sophia and the new Partnership Framework with third countries under the European Agenda on Migration. In conclusion, the author attempts to assess the effects of these actions.

Management of irregular migration: Syrians in Turkey as paradigm shifters for forced migration studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 9-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nergis Canefe
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the context of the series of civil wars that have struck the Middle East since the 1980s, the politico-economic changes in the post-Soviet geography of Eastern Europe and the Russian states, and the continuous turmoil in those parts of Africa and Asia where access to Turkish soil has been possible, Turkey emerged as a regional hub for receiving continuous flows of forced migration. As suggested by ample evidence in recent work on migration flows into Turkey, many of these “irregular migrants,” “stateless peoples,” or “asylum seekers” eventually become continuously employed under very unstable circumstances, thus fitting into the definition of the “precariat” or precarious proletariat. This paper examines the context within which such pervasive precarity takes root, directly affecting vulnerable groups such as the Syrian forced migrants arriving in Turkey in successive waves. The marked qualities of the Syrian case in terms of social precarity, combined with the degrees of disenfranchisement and economically precarious conditions for survival, indicates an institutionalized paradigm shift in the Turkish state’s management of irregular migration.

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