Liberty, Economics, and Evidence

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Frohock ◽  
David J. Sylvan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Economic Well Being

Relationships in liberal theory between liberty and economic well-being are empirical propositions: (a) economic conditions can reach a level so low as to make the effective establishment of liberty impossible; (b) the marginal value of economic gain diminishes with respect to the value of liberty as economic conditions improve; and (c) the priority standing of liberty requires the development of social forms and conditions necessary for the establishment of liberty. Empirical data, however, do not support these assumptions. A more complex relationship between liberty and economic well-being is suggested, where (a) liberty is needed as a first condition to increase economic well-being, and (b) the very distinction between political values like liberty and economic values is jeopardized. A fusion of politics and economics may be required to account for these relationships, a point re-emphasizing the sensitivity of normative theory to empirical evidence.

The Recession and Public Investment in Education in Latin America

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandhyala B. G. Tilak
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Relative Priority ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Well Being

It is the most common presumption that the relative priority accorded to education in an economy is significantly determined by economic conditions, particularly by the national income per capita and the budget. However, under normal conditions of economic well-being, allocation of resources to education is generally found to be least influenced by economic factors in any important way. Economic ability factors like GNP per capita and public spending on education are not significantly related. Neither are criteria for efficiency, like the rate of return to education, found to influence policies which allocate resources to education (see Tilak, 1982).

scholarly journals Can and Should Happiness Be a Policy Goal?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Oishi ◽  
Ed Diener
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
Happiness Research ◽  
Economic Well Being

This article summarizes policy-relevant happiness research and demonstrates that self-reported happiness could be used to evaluate public policies. Self-reported well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, happiness) tracks objective societal and economic conditions fairly well (e.g., the financial crisis of 2008) and helps quantify people’s suffering (e.g., severe disability is roughly twice as aversive as unemployment). Evidence also demonstrates that some liberal policies, such as generous unemployment benefits, progressive taxation, and income equality, are positively associated with citizens’ self-reported well-being, whereas others (e.g., larger governmental spending per Gross Domestic Product [GDP]) are not. Just as the regular recording of economic activities helps gauge the effectiveness of specific policies and the general economic well-being of individuals and society at large, the regular recording of citizens’ self-reported well-being will help gauge the effectiveness of specific policies, as well as the psychological well-being of individuals and society at large.

Relationships between Trends in Regional Development and Regional Policy Goals in Central Europe, 1950–1980

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Berentsen
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Regional Problems ◽  
European Regional ◽  
Economic Well Being

The paper presents results from empirical analyses of regional social and economic well-being in Central Europe between 1950 and 1980. Declines in regional inequalities during the study period are probably greater than can be explained by a coinciding trend toward greater regional dispersion of industrial employment. The latter, a goal of regional policy in all Central European nations, also has neither completely eradicated preexisting regional problems nor forestalled the emergence of new ones in old, highly specialized heavily industrialized areas. The lingering and the newly recognized regional problems have led many European regional scientists to call for new regional policies to cope with a new set of world economic conditions.

scholarly journals Economic conditions of stepfamilies from a cross-national perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-153
Author(s):  
Michaela Kreyenfeld ◽  
Valerie Martin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Economic Well Being

This paper investigates the economic conditions of stepfamilies in Germany, the Russian Federation and France using data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS). The analysis shows that stepfamilies more often report economic hardship than nuclear families in France and Western Germany. Socio-demographic differences between family types – particularly the fact that stepfamilies tend to be larger families – explain the differences in economic well-being between families in France. For Western Germany, differences between nuclear and stepfamilies remain after controlling for socio-economic composition of different family types. For the Russian Federation and Eastern Germany, we do not find any statistically significant differences in economic well-being between stepfamilies and nuclear families. The major dividing line for these regions runs between single parents and other types of families. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag werden die Daten der ersten Welle des Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) verwendet, um die die ökonomische Situation von Stieffamilien in Deutschland, der russischen Föderation und Frankreich zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Stieffamilien in Frankreich und in Westdeutschland häufiger ökonomischen Schwierigkeiten ausgesetzt sind als Kernfamilien. Soziodemographische Unterschiede zwischen den unterschiedlichen Familientypen, insbesondere die Tatsache, dass Stieffamilien größere Familien mit mehreren Kindern sind, können die Unterschiede in der Einschätzung der ökonomischen Situation in Frankreich erklären. Für Westdeutschland bleiben jedoch auch nach Kontrolle der soziodemographischen Merkmale die Unterschiede zwischen den Familientypen bestehen. Für die russische Föderation und für Ostdeutschland lassen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Einschätzung der ökonomischen Situation zwischen Stieffamilien und Kernfamilien aufzeigen. Die zentrale Trennlinie verläuft hier zwischen Alleinerziehenden und anderen Familienformen.

Shipbuilding’s Supplier Base: Outlook for the ’90s and Beyond

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
D. Scott Stabler
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Future Action ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Well Being

A review of the outlook for American shipbuilding and its supplier base as both enter the '90s is presented. The inexorable link between demand at shipbuilder level and revenue for suppliers mandates analysis of both macro and micro economic conditions. Included is a review of the shipbuilding industry, factors determining contracting levels and direction as well as the resultant impact upon domestic suppliers. As a focus for future action, the current status of the supplier base is presented, including projection of what fallout can be anticipated in light of the anticipated reduction in funding levels for naval shipbuilding. Recommendations for mitigating these impacts, including philosophical change in DOD contractor management strategies, development of a more commercially-oriented Navy and a revised focus for U.S. trade policy on shipbuilding, are presented. The paper concludes that the Government must work directly with shipbuilders and their suppliers to ensure that America maintains her capability to produce the warships necessary for defense and reestablishes her ability to maintain economic well-being via production of her own link to worldwide commerce.

Socioeconomic Status and Family Well-Being: Untangling a Complex Relationship

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylin Palamaro ◽  
Tanya Vishnevsky ◽  
Lauren Michelle McDonald ◽  
Ryan P. Kilmer ◽  
James Cook
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Complex Relationship

Through the prism of Spain. Socio-economic causes of different outcomes of Russian and Spanish civil wars

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
I. Rozinskiy ◽  
N. Rozinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article examines the socio-economic causes of the outcome of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1936), which, as opposed to the Russian Civil War, resulted in the victory of the “Whites”. Choice of Spain as the object of comparison with Russia is justified not only by similarity of civil wars occurred in the two countries in the XX century, but also by a large number of common features in their history. Based on statistical data on the changes in economic well-being of different strata of Spanish population during several decades before the civil war, the authors formulate the hypothesis according to which the increase of real incomes of Spaniards engaged in agriculture is “responsible” for their conservative political sympathies. As a result, contrary to the situation in Russia, where the peasantry did not support the Whites, in Spain the peasants’ position predetermined the outcome of the confrontation resulting in the victory of the Spanish analogue of the Whites. According to the authors, the possibility of stable increase of Spanish peasants’ incomes was caused by the nation’s non-involvement in World War I and also by more limited, compared to Russia and some other countries, spending on creation of heavy (primarily military-related) industry in Spain.

Strategic threats to energy security as risks of quality of people's life

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-744
Author(s):  
V.I. Loktionov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
The Way

Subject. The article reviews the way strategic threats to energy security influence the quality of people's life. Objectives. The study unfolds the theory of analyzing strategic threats to energy security by covering the matter of quality of people's life. Methods. To analyze the way strategic threats to energy security spread across cross-sectoral commodity and production chains and influences quality of people's living, I applied the factor analysis and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. I suggest interpreting strategic threats to energy security as risks of people's quality of life due to a reduction in the volume of energy supply. I identified mechanisms reflecting how the fuel and energy complex and its development influence the quality of people's life. The article sets out the method to assess such quality-of-life risks arising from strategic threats to energy security. Conclusions and Relevance. In the current geopolitical situation, strategic threats to energy security cause long-standing adverse consequences for the quality of people's life. If strategic threats to energy security are further construed as risk of quality of people's life, this will facilitate the preparation and performance of a more effective governmental policy on energy, which will subsequently raise the economic well-being of people.

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