College Quality and Wages in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Black ◽  
Kermit Daniel ◽  
Jeffrey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
College Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Identification Strategy

Abstract We estimate the effects of the quality of the college a student attends on their later earnings using data from a cohort of US college students from the late 1970s and early 1980s. We rely on a linear selection on observables identification strategy, which is justified in our context by a very rich set of conditioning variables. We find economically important earnings effects of college quality for men and women, as well as effects on educational attainment, spousal earnings and other demographic variables. These effects remain roughly constant over time and result primarily from effects on wages, rather than from effects on hours or labor force participation. We find that, over the lower part of the range of college quality, increases in college quality (which entail higher expenditures per student) pass a simple social cost-benefit test.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Microtia-Related Publications From 2006 to 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110376
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinxin Dong ◽  
Jianwen Qu ◽  
Yangyang Lin ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Occurrence Matrix ◽  
Author Citations ◽  
Over Time

Objective: Microtia is a congenital auricular malformation with a hypoplastic external ear that ranges in severity from a slightly smaller auricle to complete the absence of the auricle. The present study was conducted to identify and analyze the characteristics of microtia-related articles published from 2006 to 2020 by using bibliometric analyses. Method: Microtia-related studies published from 2006 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Keywords, first author, citations, date of publication, and publication journal were extracted and quantitatively analyzed using Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder software and the Bibliometric ( https://bibliometric.com/app ). VOSviewer was used to visualize research and form a network map on keywords and citations. Results: A total of 1031 articles from 2006 to 2020 were included. The number of articles showed an overall trend of growth over time. The United States and China are the top 2 countries in terms of the number of microtia-related articles. From the analysis of keyword clustering, keywords could be mainly divided into 4 clusters in the field of microtia research: surgery, tissue engineering, epidemiology, and rehabilitation including hearing-related treatments, evaluation of effects, and quality of life after surgery. The top 10 most frequently cited papers from 2006 to 2020 were also extracted and analyzed. Conclusion: A bibliometric research of microtia-related articles from 2006 to 2020 was conducted. This study may be helpful to understand the current research status of microtia and find the research trends in this field, thus proposing future directions for microtia research.

PP017 Social Cost Benefit Analysis Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Alcohol And Cannabis Addiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Paul van Gils ◽  
Eelco Over ◽  
Anita Suijkerbuijk ◽  
Joran Lokkerbol ◽  
Ardine de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Addiction Care

INTRODUCTION:Due to their chronic nature and high prevalence, alcohol and cannabis addiction leads to a significant (disease) burden and high costs, both for those involved and for society. The latter includes effects on health care, quality of life, employment, criminality, education, social security, violence in the public and private domain, and traffic accidents. In the Netherlands, a considerable number of people with an alcohol or cannabis addiction currently do not receive addiction care. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective as a treatment for both alcohol and cannabis addiction and is widely used in specialized addiction care centers. This social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) models costs and benefits of increasing the uptake of CBT for persons with an alcohol addiction and for adolescents with a cannabis addiction, taking into account a wide range of social costs and effects (1).METHODS:The method follows general Dutch guidance for performing SCBA. A literature search was conducted to evaluate efficacy of CBT for alcohol and cannabis dependence. In addition, the social costs of alcohol and cannabis addiction for society were mapped, and the costs of enhancing the uptake of CBT were explored. Costs and benefits of increased uptake of CBT for different social domains were modeled for a ten year period, and compared with current (unchanged) uptake during this period. Compliance problems (about 50 percent of clients do not finish CBT) and fall-back to addiction behavior (decrease of effects of CBT over time) were taken into account in model estimations.RESULTS:Per client treated with CBT, the estimated benefits to society are EUR10,000-14,000 and EUR9,700-13,000, for alcohol and cannabis addiction, respectively. These benefits result from reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, higher productivity, fewer traffic accidents, and fewer criminal activities.CONCLUSIONS:This SCBA shows that not only treated clients but also society will benefit from an increase in people treated with CBT in specialized addiction care centers.

SUICIDE, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND HATE GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES

World Affairs ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004382002110538
Author(s):  
Brendan Szendro
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Enduring Power

In recent years, hate groups have increasingly attracted public attention while at the same time escaping the purview of scholars. Although overt prejudiced attitudes have lost public support in recent decades, hate group and hate-group activity has remained relatively consistent. What, then, explains the enduring power of hate? I argue that hate groups have arisen in reaction to the loss of social capital, particularly in regard to rural and exurban communities. Using county-level suicide rates as a proxy for the loss of social capital, I test this theory using data from the lower 48 states from 2010 to 2019. I find that each 5.38 percent increase in suicide rates is associated with 1 additional hate group forming. These findings highlight the importance of examining quality-of-life in understanding far-right activity, and challenge previous findings with regard to rurality and hate.

scholarly journals Nurturing Practitioner-Researcher Partnerships to Improve Adoption and Delivery of Research-Based Social and Public Health Services Worldwide

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Pinto ◽  
Anya Spector ◽  
Rahbel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Partnership Development ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
Tailored Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Based Interventions ◽  
Research Based Practices

Research-based practices—psychosocial, behavioral, and public health interventions—have been demonstrated to be effective and often cost-saving treatments, but they can take up to two decades to reach practitioners within the health and human services workforce worldwide. Practitioners often rely on anecdotal evidence and their “practice wisdom” rather than on research, and may thus unintentionally provide less effective or ineffective services. Worldwide, community engagement in research is recommended, particularly in low-resource contexts. However, practitioner involvement has not been adequately explored in its own right as an innovative community-engaged practice that requires a tailored approach. The involvement of practitioners in research has been shown to improve their use of research-based interventions, and thus the quality of care and client outcomes. Nevertheless, the literature is lacking specificity about when and how (that is, using which tasks and procedures) to nurture and develop practitioner–researcher partnerships. This paper offers theoretical and empirical evidence on practitioner–researcher partnerships as an innovation with potential to enhance each phase of the research cycle and improve services, using data from the United States, Brazil, and Spain. Recommendations for partnership development and sustainability are offered, and a case is made for involving practitioners in research in order to advance social justice by amplifying the local relevance of research, increasing the likelihood of dissemination to community settings, and securing the sustainability of research-based interventions in practice settings.

scholarly journals Black Lives Matter for Whites’ Racial Prejudice: Assessing the Role of Social Movements in Shaping Racial Attitudes in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Identification Strategy

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is one of the most prominent contemporary social movements in the United States. Whether the BLM movement has led to racial attitude liberalization remains an open question. I evaluate this question using data on over 140,000 survey respondents combined with locational data on BLM protests in 2014 following the police killing of Michael Brown and Eric Garner. Results from a difference-in-differences identification strategy provide evidence indicating that the BLM movement was successful in reducing whites’ racial prejudice. I find that these effects follow an age gradient where young whites are liberalized by protests while older whites are not. Results from this study indicate that protests can be successful drivers of attitude change.

scholarly journals Trends in Quality of Care for Patients with CKD in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1142-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lekha Tummalapalli ◽  
Neil R. Powe ◽  
Salomeh Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Statin Use

Background and objectivesImproving the quality of CKD care has important public health implications to delay disease progression and prevent ESKD. National trends of the quality of CKD care are not well established. Furthermore, it is unknown whether gaps in quality of care are due to lack of physician awareness of CKD status of patients or other factors.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe performed a national, serial, cross-sectional study of visits to office-based ambulatory care practices for adults with diagnosed CKD from the years 2006 to 2014. We assessed the following quality indicators: (1) BP measurement, (2) uncontrolled hypertension, (3) uncontrolled diabetes, (4) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use among patients with hypertension, (5) statin use if age ≥50 years old, and (6) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Using multivariable linear regression and chi-squared analysis, we examined the change in quality performance over time.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2014, there were 7099 unweighted visits for patients with CKD representing 186,961,565 weighted visits. There was no difference in the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension (>130/80 mm Hg) over time (46% in 2006–2008 versus 48% in 2012–2014; P=0.50). There was a high prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes in 2012–2014 (40% for hemoglobin A1c >7%). The prevalence of ACEi/ARB use decreased from 45% in 2006–2008 to 36% in 2012–2014, which did not reach statistical significance (P=0.07). Statin use in patients with CKD who were 50 years or older was low and remained unchanged from 29% in 2006–2008 to 31% in 2012–2014 (P=0.92).ConclusionsIn a nationally representative dataset, we found that patients with CKD had a high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes and a low use of statins that did not improve over time and was not concordant with guidelines.

scholarly journals Inequality and market concentration, when shareholding is more skewed than consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Gans ◽  
Andrew Leigh ◽  
Martin Schmalz ◽  
Adam Triggs
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽  
Consumer Expenditure Survey ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEconomic theory suggests that monopoly prices hurt consumers but benefit shareholders. But in a world where individuals or households can be both consumers and shareholders, the impact of market power on inequality depends in part on the relative distribution of consumption and corporate equity ownership across individuals or households. The paper calculates this distribution for the United States, using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Consumer Expenditure Survey, spanning nearly three decades from 1989 to 2016. In 2016, the top 20 per cent consumed approximately as much as the bottom 60 per cent, but had 15 times as much corporate equity. Because ownership is more skewed than consumption, increased mark-ups increase inequality. Moreover, over time, corporate equity has become even more skewed relative to consumption.

The environment and the quality of life in the United States over time

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G Hirschberg ◽  
E Maasoumi ◽  
D.J Slottje
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Then and now: evolving community in the context of a retirement village

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRIAM BERNARD ◽  
JENNIFER LIDDLE ◽  
BERNADETTE BARTLAM ◽  
THOMAS SCHARF ◽  
JULIUS SIM
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Village ◽  
Practice Literature ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThere is currently much debate in the United Kingdom policy and practice literature about how best to respond to the care and accommodation needs of people as they retire and grow older. Against a policy background which espouses the benefits of ‘lifetime homes and lifetime neighbourhoods’, the growth of purpose-built segregated retirement villages looks somewhat contradictory and is set to transform the housing scene. Whilst there has been considerable research into these environments in countries like the United States of America and Australia, we know comparatively little about what it is like to live in British retirement communities, how they evolve over time and whether they enhance people's lifestyle aspirations and quality of life. This paper examines these issues through the lens of ‘community’ and in the context of Denham Garden Village: a purpose-built retirement village in Buckinghamshire. Drawing on a range of qualitative data (from individual and group interviews, diaries and directives), we focus on how ‘community’ was conceptualised, experienced and understood both ‘then’ (in the early days of the village) and ‘now’ (subsequent to its redevelopment). The findings enable us to examine the extent to which ‘community’ evolves over time and raise important questions about how socially cohesive, or not, such retirement villages are.

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