scholarly journals Nurturing Practitioner-Researcher Partnerships to Improve Adoption and Delivery of Research-Based Social and Public Health Services Worldwide

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Pinto ◽  
Anya Spector ◽  
Rahbel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Partnership Development ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
Tailored Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Based Interventions ◽  
Research Based Practices

Research-based practices—psychosocial, behavioral, and public health interventions—have been demonstrated to be effective and often cost-saving treatments, but they can take up to two decades to reach practitioners within the health and human services workforce worldwide. Practitioners often rely on anecdotal evidence and their “practice wisdom” rather than on research, and may thus unintentionally provide less effective or ineffective services. Worldwide, community engagement in research is recommended, particularly in low-resource contexts. However, practitioner involvement has not been adequately explored in its own right as an innovative community-engaged practice that requires a tailored approach. The involvement of practitioners in research has been shown to improve their use of research-based interventions, and thus the quality of care and client outcomes. Nevertheless, the literature is lacking specificity about when and how (that is, using which tasks and procedures) to nurture and develop practitioner–researcher partnerships. This paper offers theoretical and empirical evidence on practitioner–researcher partnerships as an innovation with potential to enhance each phase of the research cycle and improve services, using data from the United States, Brazil, and Spain. Recommendations for partnership development and sustainability are offered, and a case is made for involving practitioners in research in order to advance social justice by amplifying the local relevance of research, increasing the likelihood of dissemination to community settings, and securing the sustainability of research-based interventions in practice settings.

scholarly journals How personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion predict the effects of the COVID-19 on the mental health of Canadians

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251097
Author(s):  
Anahita Shokrkon ◽  
Elena Nicoladis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Using Data

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic was first detected in China in December 2019 and spread to other countries fast. Some studies have found that COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse mental health consequences. Individual differences such as personality could contribute to people’s behaviors during a pandemic. In the current study, we examine how personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion (using the Five-Factor Model as our framework) are related to the mental health of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from an online survey with 1096 responses, this study performed multiple regression analysis to explore how personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion predict the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of Canadians. The results showed that personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion are associated with the current mental health of Canadians during COVID-19 pandemic, with extroversion positively related to mental health and neuroticism negatively related to it. Results contribute to the management of individual responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and could help public health services provide personality-appropriate mental health services during this pandemic.

SUICIDE, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND HATE GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES

World Affairs ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004382002110538
Author(s):  
Brendan Szendro
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Enduring Power

In recent years, hate groups have increasingly attracted public attention while at the same time escaping the purview of scholars. Although overt prejudiced attitudes have lost public support in recent decades, hate group and hate-group activity has remained relatively consistent. What, then, explains the enduring power of hate? I argue that hate groups have arisen in reaction to the loss of social capital, particularly in regard to rural and exurban communities. Using county-level suicide rates as a proxy for the loss of social capital, I test this theory using data from the lower 48 states from 2010 to 2019. I find that each 5.38 percent increase in suicide rates is associated with 1 additional hate group forming. These findings highlight the importance of examining quality-of-life in understanding far-right activity, and challenge previous findings with regard to rurality and hate.

scholarly journals Deregulation and the Assault on Science and the Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Samet ◽  
Thomas A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research To Policy ◽  
Health And Well Being

The quality of the environment is a major determinant of the health and well-being of a population. The role of scientific evidence is central in the network of laws addressing environmental pollution in the United States and has been critical in addressing the myriad sources of environmental pollution and the burden of disease attributable to environmental factors. We address the shift away from reasoned action and science to a reliance on belief and document the efforts to separate regulation from science and to remove science-based regulations and policies intended to protect public health. We outline the general steps for moving from research to policy, show how each has been undermined, offer specific examples, and point to resources that document the enormity of the current efforts to set aside scientific evidence.

scholarly journals Epidemiology Workforce Capacity in 27 Large Urban Health Departments in the United States, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Meghan D. McGinty ◽  
Nancy Binkin ◽  
Jessica Arrazola ◽  
Mia N. Israel ◽  
Chrissie Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Full Time Equivalent ◽  
Workforce Capacity

Objectives: The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) has periodically assessed the epidemiological capacity of states since 2001, but the data do not reflect the total US epidemiology capacity. CSTE partnered with the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC) in 2017 to assess epidemiology capacity in large urban health departments. We described the epidemiology workforce capacity of large urban health departments in the United States and determined gaps in capacity among BCHC health departments. Methods: BCHC, in partnership with CSTE, modified the 2017 State Epidemiology Capacity Assessment for its 30 member departments. Topics in the assessment included epidemiology leadership, staffing, funding, capacity to perform 4 epidemiology-related Essential Public Health Services, salary ranges, hiring requirements, use of competencies, training needs, and job vacancies. Results: The 27 (90%) BCHC-member health departments that completed the assessment employed 1091 full-time equivalent epidemiologists. All or nearly all health departments provided epidemiology services for programs in infectious disease (n = 27), maternal and child health (n = 27), preparedness (n = 27), chronic diseases (n = 25), vital statistics (n = 25), and environmental health (n = 23). On average, funding for epidemiology activities came from local (47%), state (24%), and federal (27%) sources. Health departments reported needing a 40% increase from the current number of epidemiologists to achieve ideal epidemiology capacity. Twenty-five health departments reported substantial-to-full capacity to monitor health problems, 21 to diagnose health problems, 11 to conduct evaluations, and 9 to perform applied research. Conclusions: Strategies to meet 21st century challenges and increase substantial-to-full epidemiological capacity include seeking funds from nongovernmental sources, partnering with schools and programs of public health, and identifying creative solutions to hiring and retaining epidemiologists.

Integrating a Clinical Exercise Gerontology Experience into a Kinesiology Curriculum

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Todd A. Gilson ◽  
Anthony Deldin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Similar Program ◽  
Adult Fitness

In the next 45 years it is estimated that individuals aged 65 and older will increase by 93% in the United States. This population will require a reexamination in thinking related to what retirement is and how seniors desire to maintain their quality of life. Thus, with this demographic shift, new career opportunities will be available for students in older adult fitness, and kinesiology graduates can be at the forefront of providing physical activity to promote public health. Through the exploration of an off-campus clinical exercise gerontology experience at Northern Illinois University, specifics of the program and potential barriers are discussed, with an eye toward assisting other institutions that wish to begin/enhance a similar program. Finally, benefits and future opportunities are highlighted showing how this partnership has led to an improved quality of life for seniors and strengthened relationships with the larger community.

Populations and the Law: The Changing Scope of Health Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Health Law ◽  
New Politics ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject

Changes in the scope of health policy in the United States are creating opportunities and obligations for lawmakers and the lawyers who advise them. These changes are the result of a new politics of policy for the health of populations. The new politics is connecting areas of policy that, because they have had separate histories, are governed by distinct, usually uncoordinated laws and regulations.The subject of the new politics of health policy is what the Iowa Senate President, speaking in a plenary at the 2003 conference on Public Health Law in the 21st Century, called the “quality of life, what the people think is important.” An increasing number of leaders in general govemment–people who run for office and their staff–have practical reasons to make policy that acknowledges the expanding scope of what their constituents define as health policy.

scholarly journals Comparative quality of private and public health services in rural Vietnam

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Tuan ◽  
Van Thi Mai Dung ◽  
Ingo Neu ◽  
Michael J Dibley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Private And Public

Total quality management (TQM) movement in public health

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest better methods for monitoring the diagnostic and treatment services for providers of public health and the management of public health services. In particular, the authors examine the construction and use of industrial quality control methods as applied to the public providers, in both the prevention and cure for infectious diseases and the quality of public health care providers in such applications including water quality standards, sewage many others. The authors suggest implementing modern multivariate applications of quality control techniques and/or better methods for univariate quality control common in industrial applications in the public health sector to both control and continuously improve public health services. These methods entitled total quality management (TQM) form the foundation to improve these public services. Design/methodology/approach – The study is designed to indicate the great need for TQM analysis to utilize methods of statistical quality control. All this is done to improve public health services through implementation of quality control and improvement methods as part of the TQM program. Examples of its use indicate that multivariate methods may be the best but other methods are suggested as well. Findings – Multivariate methods provide the best solutions when quality and reliability tests show indications that the variables observed are inter-correlated and correlated over time. Simpler methods are available when the above factors are not present. Research limitations/implications – Multivariate methods will provide for better interpretation of results, better decisions and smaller risks of both Type I and Type II errors. Smaller risks lead to better decision making and may reduce costs. Practical implications – Analysts will improve such things as the control of water quality and all aspects of public health when data are collected through experimentation and/or periodic quality management techniques. Social implications – Public health will be better monitored and the quality of life will improve for all especially in places where public development is undertaking rapid changes. Originality/value – The manuscript is original because it uses well known and scientific methods of analyzing data in area where data collection is utilized to improve public health.

College Quality and Wages in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Black ◽  
Kermit Daniel ◽  
Jeffrey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
College Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Identification Strategy

Abstract We estimate the effects of the quality of the college a student attends on their later earnings using data from a cohort of US college students from the late 1970s and early 1980s. We rely on a linear selection on observables identification strategy, which is justified in our context by a very rich set of conditioning variables. We find economically important earnings effects of college quality for men and women, as well as effects on educational attainment, spousal earnings and other demographic variables. These effects remain roughly constant over time and result primarily from effects on wages, rather than from effects on hours or labor force participation. We find that, over the lower part of the range of college quality, increases in college quality (which entail higher expenditures per student) pass a simple social cost-benefit test.

scholarly journals Profile of unnatural mortality at tertiary hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustika Chasanatusy Syarifah ◽  
Diyan Wahyu Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
External Causes

Introduction: Unnatural deaths are deaths that can be prevented, the frequency of which reflects the quality of public health services. Unnatural deaths occur due to external causes such as suicide, homicide, and accidents. This study aims to analyze the profile of cases of unnatural death at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

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