scholarly journals Hospital outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci caused by a single clone of Enterococcus raffinosus and several clones of Enterococcus faecium

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kawalec ◽  
J. Kedzierska ◽  
A. Gajda ◽  
E. Sadowy ◽  
J. Wegrzyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals Evaluation of a vanA-Specific PCR Assay for Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium during a Hospital Outbreak

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3348-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Roger ◽  
Marie-Claude Faucher ◽  
Pierre Forest ◽  
Pierre St-Antoine ◽  
François Coutlée
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Specific Pcr Assay

We investigated the use of PCR as an alternative to culture of fecal samples for detection of vanA-containingEnterococcus faecium during a recent hospital outbreak. Rectal swabs collected consecutively from 223 patients were analyzed by culture with and without enrichment broth and byvanA-specific PCR of enrichment broth samples. Fifty-five specimens were positive for vanA-containing E. faecium by at least one method. The sensitivities of thevanA-specific PCR assay and agar culture with and without enrichment broth were 94.5, 98, and 89%, respectively. All three methods were 100% specific. Final results were obtained much more rapidly by PCR (within 24 to 30 h of specimen submission) than by the culture methods (4 to 5 days). Thus, PCR is an accurate and rapid alternative to culture for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci during hospital outbreaks.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Vancomycin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Dependent Enterococcus faecium Isolate

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Blaschitz ◽  
Sarah Lepuschitz ◽  
Laura Wagner ◽  
Franz Allerberger ◽  
Alexander Indra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Faecium Isolate

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens worldwide. While antimicrobial pressure promotes nosocomial colonization with these enterococci, prolonged exposure to vancomycin may foster the transition from vancomycin resistance to vancomycin dependence. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecium isolate showing partial teicoplanin dependence.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of VanA-Type Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Austrian Poultry

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 6407-6409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Eisner ◽  
Gebhard Feierl ◽  
Gregor Gorkiewicz ◽  
Franz Dieber ◽  
Harald H. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Fecal samples from humans and food-producing animals were analyzed for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The VRE carriage rate in humans was 6%, and there was a predominance of VanC-type resistance. Enterococcus faecium with vanA-mediated resistance was frequent in broiler chickens (42%) but rare in cattle and pig samples.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from haematological malignancy patients in a research hospital in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kirdar ◽  
A. G. Sener ◽  
U. Arslan ◽  
S. G. Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Research Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Short Time

Infections and outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) still appear to be rare in Turkey. In the present study, VRE strains isolated during an outbreak in a haematology unit of a training and research hospital in Turkey were typed and their antimicrobial-resistance patterns were characterized by molecular methods. Twelve vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from patients with haematological malignancies were investigated by PCR for the presence of genes encoding resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and erythromycin. Their clonal relationship was evaluated by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. All strains were resistant to vancomycin and erythromycin, and had the vanA and ermB genes, respectively. PFGE was used to determine the presence of two pulsotypes and determine their subtypes. Pulsotype A belonged to sequence type (ST) 17 and pulsotype B belonged to ST 78. All strains with the vanA gene were not the same clone, indicating multiple acquisitions of resistant isolates, even over such a short time period.

scholarly journals ddcP, pstB, and excess D-lactate impact synergism between vancomycin and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecium 1,231,410

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249631
Author(s):  
Pooja Bhardwaj ◽  
Moutusee Z. Islam ◽  
Christi Kim ◽  
Uyen Thy Nguyen ◽  
Kelli L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Control Hospital ◽  
Skin Antisepsis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Associated Infections

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens that cause life-threatening infections. To control hospital-associated infections, skin antisepsis and bathing utilizing chlorhexidine is recommended for VRE patients in acute care hospitals. Previously, we reported that exposure to inhibitory chlorhexidine levels induced the expression of vancomycin resistance genes in VanA-type Enterococcus faecium. However, vancomycin susceptibility actually increased for VanA-type E. faecium in the presence of chlorhexidine. Hence, a synergistic effect of the two antimicrobials was observed. In this study, we used multiple approaches to investigate the mechanism of synergism between chlorhexidine and vancomycin in the VanA-type VRE strain E. faecium 1,231,410. We generated clean deletions of 7 of 11 pbp, transpeptidase, and carboxypeptidase genes in this strain (ponA, pbpF, pbpZ, pbpA, ddcP, ldtfm, and vanY). Deletion of ddcP, encoding a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase, altered the synergism phenotype. Furthermore, using in vitro evolution, we isolated a spontaneous synergy escaper mutant and utilized whole genome sequencing to determine that a mutation in pstB, encoding an ATPase of phosphate-specific transporters, also altered synergism. Finally, addition of excess D-lactate, but not D-alanine, enhanced synergism to reduce vancomycin MIC levels. Overall, our work identified factors that alter chlorhexidine and vancomycin synergism in a model VanA-type VRE strain.

Comparison of Three Methods to Recover Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) From Perianal and Environmental Samples Collected During A Hospital Outbreak of VRE

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Reisner ◽  
Stephanie Shaw ◽  
Mary E. Huber ◽  
Carla E. Woodmansee ◽  
Silvia Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objective:To establish an efficient and sensitive technique for recovering vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from perianal and environmental samples collected during implementation of control measures for an outbreak of VRE.Design:Perianal and environmental samples were collected in triplicate on sterile swabs. One swab was used to inoculate a selective broth medium containing 6 μg of vancomycin and 8 μg of ciprofloxacin per mL, one to inoculateCampylobacteragar containing 10 μg/mL of vancomycin, and one to inoculate Enterococcosel agar containing 8 μg/mL of vancomycin.Setting:Samples were collected in the intensive care units of a 600-bed university hospital over a period of 2 months.Sample Selection:Patients and their immediate environment were sampled if they resided in a ward with a patient known to be colonized or infected with VRE.Results:Of the 88 perianal samples obtained from 63 patients, 37 were positive for VRE by broth culture, with 36 also recovered on both types of solid media (sensitivity, 97.3%; negative predictive value, 98.1%). Of the initial samples collected from each of the 63 patients, 20 were positive for VRE by all methods. Of the 500 environmental samples cultured, 139 were positive for VRE in broth, with only 33 recovered onCampylobacteragar (sensitivity, 23.7%; negative predictive value, 77.2%) and 22 on Enterococcosel agar (sensitivity, 15.8%; negative predictive value, 75.2%).Conclusions:Our data indicate that, when performing surveillance cultures during an outbreak of VRE, use of an enrichment broth medium is required to recover VRE contaminating environmental surfaces; however, direct inoculation to selective solid medium is adequate to recover VRE in patient perianal specimens.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium of thevanAGenotype in Rural Drinking Water, Effluent, and the Aqueous Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dearbháile Morris ◽  
Sandra Galvin ◽  
Fiona Boyle ◽  
Paul Hickey ◽  
Martina Mulligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Rural Drinking Water Supply

ABSTRACTTotal enterococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were enumerated in samples of effluent (n= 50) and water (n= 167) from a number of sources. VRE were detected in the outflow of a wastewater treatment plant and in a single rural drinking water supply, suggesting potential for transmission to humans through environmental contamination.

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