Molecular paternity determination in captive bonobos and the impact of inbreeding on infant mortality

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van Coillie ◽  
P. Galbusera ◽  
A. D. Roeder ◽  
W. Schempp ◽  
J. M. G. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Paternity Determination ◽  
The Impact

Measuring Effectiveness Of Economic Growth On Reducing Infant Mortality Rate In Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Mr. Y. EBENEZER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Bound Test

                   This paper deals with economic growth and infant mortality rate in Tamilnadu. The objects of this paper are to test the relationship between Per capita Net State Domestic Product and infant mortality rate and also to measure the impact of Per capita Net State Domestic Product on infant mortality rate in Tamil Nadu. This analysis has employed the ADF test and ARDL approach. The result of the study shows that IMR got reduced and Per capita Net State Domestic Product increased during the study period. This analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between IMR and the economic growth of Tamilnadu. In addition, ARDL bound test result has concluded that per capita Net State Domestic Product of Tamilnadu has long run association with IMR.

scholarly journals The impact of changes in preterm birth among twins on stillbirth and infant mortality in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Getahun ◽  
K Demissie ◽  
S W Marcella ◽  
G G Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of piped water provision on infant mortality in Brazil: A quantile panel data approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Gamper-Rabindran ◽  
Shakeeb Khan ◽  
Christopher Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Early neonatal vitamin A supplementation and infant mortality: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundBiannual vitamin A supplementation is a well-established survival tool for preschool children 6 months and older in vitamin A deficient populations but this schedule misses the opportunity to intervene on most young infant deaths. Randomised trials of neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) in the first few days of life to assess its impact on under 6-month mortality in low/middle-income countries have had varying results.MethodsInvestigators of 11 published randomised placebo-controlled NVAS trials (n=163 567 children) reanalysed their data according to an agreed plan and pooled the primary outcomes of mortality from supplementation through 6 and 12 months of age using random effects models and meta-regression. One investigator withdrew but allowed use of the data.FindingsOverall there was no effect of NVAS on infant survival through 6 (risk ratio (RR) 0.97; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.06) or 12 months of age (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.08) but results varied by study population characteristics.NVAS significantly reduced 6-month mortality among the trials conducted in Southern Asia (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98), in contexts with moderate or severe vitamin A deficiency (defined as 10% or higher proportion of women with serum retinol <0.7 µmol/L or 5% or more women with night blindness) (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94), early infant mortality was 30 or more per 1000 live births (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98), 75% or more of infant mortality occurred in the first 6 months of life (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.01), or where >32% mothers had no schooling (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.96). NVAS did not reduce mortality in the first 6 months of life in trials conducted in Africa, in contexts characterised by a low prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, lower rates of infant mortality and where maternal education was more prevalent. There was a suggestion of increased infant mortality in trials conducted in Africa (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.15).Individual-level characteristics such as sex, birth weight, gestational age and size, age at dosing, parity, time of breast feeding initiation, maternal education and maternal vitamin A supplementation did not modify the impact of NVAS.ConclusionNVAS reduced infant mortality in South Asia, in contexts where the prevalence of maternal vitamin A deficiency is moderate to severe and early infant mortality is high; but it had no beneficial effect on infant survival in Africa, in contexts where the prevalence of maternal vitamin A deficiency is lower, early infant mortality is low.

Using a Stakeholder Analysis to Improve Systems Modelling of Health Issues: The Impact of Progesterone Therapy on Infant Mortality in Ohio

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyousha Hosseinichimeh ◽  
Hyunjung Kim ◽  
Alireza Ebrahimvandi ◽  
Jay Iams ◽  
David Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Systems Modelling ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Intervention Time Series Modeling of Infant Mortality: Impact of Free Maternal Health Care

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
J. Kisabuli ◽  
J. Ong'ala ◽  
E. Odero
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Maternal Health Care ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Moving Average Model ◽  
The Impact

Infant mortality is an important marker of the overall society health. The 3rd goal of the Sustainable Development Goals aims at reducing infant deaths that occur due to preventable causes by 2030. Due to increased infant mortality the Kenyan government introduced Free Maternal Health Care as an intervention towards reducing infant mortality through elimination of the cost burden of accessing medical care by the mother and the infant. The study examines the impact of Free Maternal Health Care on infant mortality using Intervention time series analysis particularly the intervention Box Jenkins ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model. There was significant support that Free Maternal Health Care had a significant impact on infant mortality which was estimated to be a decrease of 10.15% in infant deaths per month.

scholarly journals Effects of Randomized Corruption Audits on Early-Life Mortality in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pedro Ramos ◽  
Robert Weiss ◽  
Simeon Nietcher ◽  
Leiwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

Background: Various studies suggest that corruption affects public health systems across the world. However, the extant literature lacks causal evidence about whether anti-corruption interventions can improve health outcomes. We examine the impact of randomized anti-corruption audits on early-life mortality in Brazil. Methods: The Brazilian government conducted audits in 1,949 randomly selected municipalities between 2003 and 2015. To identify the causal effect of anti-corruption audits on early-life mortality, we analyse data on health outcomes from individual- level vital statistics (DATASUS) collected by Brazil government before and after the random audits. Data on the audit intervention are from the Controladoria-Geral da Uniao, the government agency responsible for the anti-corruption audits. Outcomes are neonatal mortality, infant mortality, child mortality, preterm births, and prenatal visits. Analyses examine aggregate effects for each outcome, as well as effects by race, cause of death, and years since the intervention. Results: Anti-corruption audits significantly decreased early-life mortality in Brazil. Expressed in relative terms, audits reduced neonatal mortality by 6.7% (95% CI -8.3%, -5.0%), reduced infant mortality by 7.3% (-8.6%, -5.9%), and reduced child mortality by 7.3% (-8.5%, -6.0%). This reduction in early mortality was higher for nonwhite Brazilians, who face significant health disparities. Effects are greater when we look at deaths from preventable causes, and show temporal persistence with large effects even a decade after audits. In addition, analyses show that the intervention led to a 12.1% (-13.4%, -10.6%) reduction in women receiving no prenatal care, as well as a 7.4% (-9.4%, -5.5%) reduction in preterm births; these effects are likewise higher for nonwhites and are persistent over time. All effects are robust to various alternative specifications. Interpretation: Governments have the potential to improve health outcomes through anti-corruption interventions. Such interventions can reduce early-life mortality and mitigate health disparities. The impact of anti-corruption audits should be investigated in other countries, and further research should further explore the mechanisms by which combating corruption affects the health sector.

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