scholarly journals Interactive effects of ozone and climate on water use, soil moisture content and streamflow in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. McLaughlin ◽  
S. D. Wullschleger ◽  
G. Sun ◽  
M. Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Interactive effects of ozone and climate on tree growth and water use in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. McLaughlin ◽  
M. Nosal ◽  
S. D. Wullschleger ◽  
G. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Physiological responses to drought of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in semi-arid conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) plants grown in the field, in Caatinga, during wet and dry seasons. Adult plants were selected for evaluation in March and April (wet season) and May and June (dry season), during 2016. We evaluated the soil water content, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The reduction in water availability in the soil promoted a marked decrease in soil water potential, which was more affected than the relative water content. The opening of the stomata was affected by the decrease in soil moisture content, reducing the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The photosynthesis was more affected than transpiration by the reduction in soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Residues on Soil Properties and Sesame Water Use Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Short Rains

A study was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute-Serere, Uganda for three seasons (2013 short rains, 2014 long rains and 2014 short rains) to investigate the effect of crop residues and animal manure on soil bulk density (SBD), soil moisture content (SMC) and water use efficiency (WUE) of sesame. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control, 4 crop residues, 2 animal manures and combinations of 2 animal manures and 4 crop residues all applied at two rates of 3 and 6 t/ha. Plots treated with 6 t/ha of millet husks produced the highest SMC (37.46%) and lowest SBD (1.1717 g/cm3) across seasons; while plots treated with 3 t/ha of millet husks produced the highest WUE of sesame (9.92 kg ha-1 mm-1) across seasons compared with other crop residue and animal manure treatments applied singly. Soil moisture content was highest (38.09%) and SBD lowest (1.0520 g/cm3) across seasons in plots treated with 6 t/ha of poultry manure plus millet husks; while plots amended with 3 t/ha of poultry manure plus millet husks produced the highest WUE of sesame (9.40 g/cm3) across seasons compared with other treatments. Crop residues influenced SMC and SBD in the order; millet husks > cowpea husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells. Crop residues affected WUE of sesame in the order; millet husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells > cowpea husks. This study has demonstrated that poultry manure plus millet husks have a potential to enhance WUE of sesame.

The interactive effects of increased evaporative demand and soil water on photosynthesis in maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Berard ◽  
G. W. Thurtell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Root Medium ◽  
Wide Range

A field-portable whole-plant enclosure system was used to study the effect of increased evaporative demand on photosynthetic rates of maize (Zea mays L.) subjected to various root medium treatments. The system consisted of two transparent chambers, each capable of maintaining a fully grown maize plant at ambient conditions while enabling different evaporative demand treatments by controlling the humidity. The rooting media consisted of silt loam soil held at three levels of soil moisture content covering a wide range of available moisture, and a hydroponic medium consisting of 25-L pails containing "Turface" and supplied three times daily with a nutrient solution. Measurements were carried out during the post-silking period from 22 July to 6 Sept. 1987 and consisted of at least 4 d of continuous monitoring of photosynthesis and transpiration rates from early morning till sundown. The effect of increased evaporative demand on photo-synthetic rates was relatively small, with average photosynthetic reductions of approximately 4–6% in all root medium treatments. Soil moisture content did not have any effect on the reduction of photosynthesis which occurred at high evaporative demand. However, absolute photosynthetic rates were significantly reduced by low soil moisture. It is suggested that atmospheric conditions leading to high transpiration rates are much less important than soil moisture conditions in causing yield reductions due to reduced photosynthetic rates. The results support recent evidence by other workers that soil water status can influence stomatal conductance and photosynthesis without the intermediary influence of leaf water status. Key words: Photosynthesis, transpiration, maize, soil water content, VPD, leaf conductance

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Moisture Content and Animal Manure Application on the Growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Yaya Sunarya ◽  
Enok Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of the research was to study the interaction between soil moisture content and animal manure application on the growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt). The experiment was conducted in May until September 2016 in Kampung Lembur Sawah, Kamulyan Village, Manonjaya Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. A pot experiment was performed using a factorial design consisting of two factors and three replicates. The factors were soil moisture content (K) consisting of four levels i.e. k1 (100% field capacity (FC)), k2 (150% FC), k3 (200% FC), and k4 (250% FC); and animal manure application (P) consisting of p1 (cattle manure), p2 (broiler chicken manure), and p3 (sheep manure). The indicators of plant growth, i.e. plant height, number of tiller, fresh weight and dry weight of plant biomass, shoot/root ratio, percentage of  the >75cm-long stems, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured.  The results showed that  there was an interaction effect between the soil moisture content and animal manure application on the number of tiller at 45 days after planting (DAP), the percentage of the >75 cm-long stems, and the water consumption. The sheep manure application at any levels of soil moisture content resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, water use efficiency, and quality of stem (the percentage of the >75cm-long stems). The soil moisture content above the field capacity resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, indicating that Mendong is more suitable to grow on the land with the soil moisture content above the field capacity or saturated soil during the whole growing period. Keywords: Manure, Mendong, soil moisture content

Effect of Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen on Ecological Index and Water Use of Arabica Coffee

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 746-749
Author(s):  
Xiao Gang Liu ◽  
Yuan Zhong ◽  
Xin Le Wang ◽  
Qi Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mass Accumulation

The objective of this study was to explore the water and nitrogen coupling use efficiency and optimal control of water and nitrogen environment, Pot experiment was conducted in intelligent greenhouse, and the interactive impact of water and nitrogen on ecological characteristics and water use of arabica coffee was investigated. Using four irrigation levels, i.e. sufficient irrigation (SI, soil moisture content was 75%~85% of soil field capacity), light deficit irrigation (DI1, soil moisture content was 65%~75% of soil field capacity), medium deficit irrigation (DI2, soil moisture content was 55%~65% of soil field capacity) and serious deficit irrigation (DI3, soil moisture content was 45%~55% of soil field capacity), and four fertilizer levels of N, i.e. high nitrogen (NH), medium nitrogen (NM ), low nitrogen (NL), non-nitrogen (NN). The results showed that increase of irrigation or N rate was helpful to improve the ecological and morphological index of arabica coffee (plant height, basal stem, leaf area and shoot length). Compared to the NN treatment, N application could increase dry mass accumulation and water use efficiency (WUE) by 10.88%~37.49% and 24.73%~33.01% respectively. Compared to the DI3 treatment, increase of irrigation could increase dry mass accumulation and WUE by 82.54%~163.27% and 34.40%~39.66% respectively. Low nitrogen combined sufficient irrigation treatment could promote morphological characteristics of arabica coffee seedling and ensure higher dry mass accumulation and WUE simultaneously.

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