Raising Feminists

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
And Gender

This article considers the reasons for raising feminist children, how this concept might be operationalized, and what the correlates of such gender-flexible patterns might be. The data pertinent to gender-role acquisition and gender flexibility are drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study of over 200 children and their families that originated when the children were 6 months of age and continues until they enter school at age 6. Results suggest that despite the overdetermined and inevitable learning of gender stereotypes, variation exists in the degree to which even young children subscribe to the stereotypes. These variations seem to relate to some realms of parental behavior.

Women and Men in Accounting Textbooks: Exploring the Hidden Curriculum

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Accounting Faculty ◽  
Introductory Accounting ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study is to examine the representation of gender in introductory accounting textbooks. A content analysis of the homework items, the pictures, and the stories contained in 19 introductory accounting textbooks was conducted using both a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The results show that women and men are represented very differently throughout textbooks, thereby reinforcing gender stereotypes and gender role stratification. Given the accounting profession's explicit desire to increase diversity, accounting faculty need to be more aware of the implicit messages conveyed by our pedagogical materials.

scholarly journals Is ambition a gendered issue? Students´ vs employees´ antecedents of Ambition about Leadership

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Esther Lopez-Zafra ◽  
Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez ◽  
Isabel Carmona-Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Core Self ◽  
The Impact

Los obstáculos a lo largo de la carrera de las mujeres demuestran que su ambición de convertirse en líder es compleja porque está influenciada por los estereotipos y roles de género. En este estudio, se les pidió a 625 participantes (54.24% mujeres) de dos categorías (379 estudiantes y 246 empleados) que imaginaran cómo reaccionarían ante un ascenso a una posición de liderazgo y posteriormente, completaron un cuestionario que incluía sus creencias sobre las consecuencias -evaluaciones, ambición, emociones positivas y negativas e ideología de roles de género. Los estudiantes fueron más ambiciosos que los empleados, independientemente de su género. Sin embargo, al analizar el impacto de la ambición en la decisión de aceptar una posición de liderazgo, observamos que el afecto positivo generado al imaginar una promoción es el aspecto clave para finalmente decidir aceptar la promoción, tanto en estudiantes como en empleados. Sin embargo, en los estudiantes, independientemente de su género, la decisión se predice por afecto negativo, evaluaciones de auto-concepto, pero no por niveles de ambición. Obstacles along women career demonstrate how ambition for becoming a leader is complex because it is influenced by gender stereotypes and roles. In this study, 625 participants (54.24% women) from two statuses (379 students and 246 employees) were asked to imagine how they would react to a promotion to a leadership position and then completed a questionnaire including their beliefs about the consequences, core self-evaluations, ambition, positive and negative emotions, and gender role ideology. Students were more ambitious than employees, regardless of their gender. However, when analyzing the impact of ambition on the decision of accepting a leadership position we observe that positive affect generated by imagining a promotion is the key aspect to finally decide to accept the promotion in both students and employees. However, in students, regardless of their gender, the decision is predicted by negative affect, core-self evaluations but not by levels of ambition.

scholarly journals Prospective longitudinal study of ‘Sleepless in Lockdown’: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e053094
Author(s):  
Jane C Falkingham ◽  
Maria Evandrou ◽  
Min Qin ◽  
Athina Vlachantoni
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

ObjectivesCOVID-19 is having a disproportionate impact on Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups and women. Concern over direct and indirect effects may also impact on sleep. We explore the levels and social determinants of self-reported sleep loss among the UK population during the pandemic, focusing on ethnic and gender disparities.SettingThis prospective longitudinal study analysed data from seven waves of the Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study collected from April 2020 to January 2021 linked to prepandemic data from the 2019 mainstage interviews, providing baseline information about the respondents prior to the pandemic.ParticipantsThe analytical sample included 8163 respondents aged 16 and above who took part in all seven waves with full information on sleep loss, defined as experiencing ‘rather more’ or ‘much more’ than usual sleep loss due to worry, providing 57 141 observations.Primary outcome measuresSelf-reported sleep loss. Mixed-effects regression models were fitted to consider within-individual and between-individual differences.ResultsWomen were more likely to report sleep loss than men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.4) over the 10-month period. Being female, having young children, perceived financial difficulties and COVID-19 symptoms were all predictive of sleep loss. Once these covariates were controlled for, the bivariate relationship between ethnicity and sleep loss (1.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4) was reversed (0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8). Moreover, the strength of the association between gender and ethnicity and the risk of sleep loss varied over time, being weaker among women in July (0.6, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.7), September (0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8), November (0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.0) and January 2021 (0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) compared with April 2020, but positively stronger among BAME individuals in May (1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1), weaker only in September (0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0).ConclusionsThe pandemic has widened sleep deprivation disparities, with women with young children, COVID-19 infection and BAME individuals experiencing sleep loss, which may adversely affect their mental and physical health.

scholarly journals Exploring stereotypical perceptions of female players in digital gaming contexts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Katherine Kaye ◽  
Claire E. Gresty ◽  
Natasha Stubbs-Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Digital Gaming ◽  
Gender Role Beliefs ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

Gender stereotypes are still reported to exist in digital gaming contexts, despite the fact that participation of females is relatively equal to that of males. The current research explored a number of factors and their impact upon stereotypical perceptions and attitudes towards female players. This included; avatar gender, gender identity by gaming context, as well as more general gender-role beliefs. We undertook two studies, each utilising an online questionnaire targeted towards online players. Study 1 recruited online gamers (N= 489), and compared competence perceptions of players which varied by player gender (male, female) and avatar gender (male, female), whereby four conditions were established. Overall, player competence was perceived to be highest when male avatars were used, specifically when female players were depicted in this way. Study 2 explored the relationships between male social identity and gender-role beliefs, with sexist attitudes in gaming, and whether this varied by gaming context (MMO vs FPS). Male online gamers (N = 193) were recruited, of which 112 were MMO players and 81 were FPS players. It was found that identifying as male social identity was not related to sexist attitudes in either gaming context. However, more general gender-role beliefs were related to sexist attitudes. The findings indicate that although certain stereotypes exist (e.g., competence perceptions), these are not necessarily harvested by players’ identities within communities but may derive through more operational functions such as avatar gender.

scholarly journals Living Up to a Name: Gender Role Behavior Varies With Forename Gender Typicality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerianne M. Alexander ◽  
Kendall John ◽  
Tracy Hammond ◽  
Joanna Lahey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Gender Role Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Binary Gender

Forenames serve as proxies for gender labels that activate gender stereotypes and gender socialization. Unlike rigid binary gender categories, they differ in the degree to which they are perceived as “masculine” or “feminine.” We examined the novel hypothesis that the ability of a forename to signal gender is associated with gender role behavior in women (n = 215) and men (n = 127; M = 19.32, SD = 2.11) as part of a larger study evaluating forenames used in resume research. Compared to individuals endorsing a “gender-strong” forename, those perceiving their forename as relatively “gender-weak” reported less gender-typical childhood social behavior and a weaker expression of gender-linked personality traits. Our findings suggest that forenames strengthen or weaken gender socialization, gender identification, and so contribute to the variable expression of gender role behavior within binary gender groups.

Paternal Closeness in Adolescence: The Association of Sports and Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tom R. Leppard ◽  
Mikaela J. Dufur
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
And Gender

Recent research suggests positive associations between shared recreational activities and father–child relationships for young children. We extend these ideas to adolescents and to recreational activities in which the father’s participation might be limited to audience membership. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to evaluate whether an association exists between adolescent sports participation and paternal relationships, focusing on the adolescent’s perspective, and whether these associations differ for boys and girls. Findings show positive associations between sports participation and closer relationships between fathers and adolescents. Sports participation was more important for boys’ relationships with fathers than girls’. We discuss our findings in terms of contemporary shifts in gendered norms and conclude that gender may remain salient in how sport participation can promote father–child relationships.

Stereotype, Attitudes, and Identity

2013 ◽  
pp. 112-135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Gender Role Attitude ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gendered Expectations ◽  
Dominant Theory

This chapter aims to: look at gendered expectations and stereotypes; identify what is viewed as gender appropriate behaviour that contributes to the barriers women face in terms of their careers; consider how an individual’s gender role attitude can influence career choice; discuss the dominant theory in the area, social role theory, and how this is an important theory when looking at women’s roles within the workplace especially women working in gender incongruent occupations and industries, as the theory is concerned with gender stereotypes and gender role expectations; and discuss the role identity plays in career development and choice.

scholarly journals Indicators of gender stereotypes in a cultural career (analytical discourse)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Andrusyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Role Sharing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artistic Career

Purpose of the article. Gender stereotypes have some inconsistency with the realities of today, and therefore become a problem for both society and the individual, as they raise pressing issues of gender equality. Research into indicators of gender stereotypes is needed to address these issues. That is why, in the context of our study, the purpose is to identify indicators of gender stereotypes in building an artistic career. The methodology of the study is conditioned by a gender approach aimed at overcoming gender stereotypes in society, equality, partnership, and interaction of both sexes. The study involves the use of common scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization. The method of comparative analysis and analogy makes it possible to thoroughly comprehend gender stereotypes and their influence on the construction of careers in the artistic field of work. The scientific novelty is to identify indicators of gender stereotypes that are related specifically to social stereotypes of role-sharing in building an artistic career. The conclusions summarize the analysis and definition of indicators of gender stereotypes in the construction of artistic careers. It is understood that gender stereotypes are shaped by culture as generalized beliefs, and gender role means a set of expected patterns (norms) of behavior for men and women. It is proved that the division of labor continues to reproduce gender-role stereotypes. The problems of social stereotypes, self-identification, and free-thinking that women face in realizing themselves in the art are analyzed. It has been found that gender-based views on gender differences in employment are related to social stereotypes of role-sharing. Such stereotypes do not allow for an objective assessment of women's opportunities and competencies in employment or career development in the arts, and therefore the offer of employment for men and women differs significantly in terms of quantity and quality.

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