Acculturation, Internalization of Western Appearance Norms, and Eating Pathology Among Japanese and Chinese International Student Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Stark-Wroblewski ◽  
Barbara J. Yanico ◽  
Steven Lupe
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Sociocultural Model ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Chinese International Student

In the context of the sociocultural model of eating disorders, this study investigated the hypothesis that Westernization would be positively associated with eating pathology among non-Western women. International participants from Japan ( n = 26), Peoples Republic of China ( n = 25), Taiwan ( n = 30), and Hong Kong ( n = 25) who were studying in the United States completed the Eating Attitudes Test, Symptoms Checklist, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire, the American–International Relations Survey, and a demographic questionnaire. Awareness and internalization of Western appearance norms were positively associated with eating disordered symptoms, but acculturation was not. Results lend further support for the sociocultural model. It is suggested that measures of eating pathology and acculturation be closely examined with respect to their cross-cultural relevance, particularly when conducting research involving international populations.

Body-Related Behaviours and Cognitions in the Eating Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Amin ◽  
Clara Strauss ◽  
Glenn Waller
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Different body-related behaviours and cognitions (checking, avoidance, comparison, display) have been shown to be related to unhealthy eating attitudes in a non-clinical sample. Aims: This study tested whether the use of body-related behaviours is higher in eating-disordered women than in non-clinical women. It also examined whether the use of body-related behaviours is associated with psychological characteristics (particularly anxiety, depression and narcissistic characteristics), controlling for age and eating pathology. Method: Ninety-nine adult women with diagnosed eating disorders (mean age = 30.4 years, SD = 9.44; mean body mass index = 21.9, SD = 6.39) completed standardized measures of eating pathology, anxiety and depression, narcissistic characteristics, and body-related behaviours and cognitions. Results: The Body-Related Behaviours Scale (BRBS) had acceptable levels of internal consistency in this group, and its scales were only weakly to moderately correlated with each other. There were no differences between diagnostic groups, but the clinical group had higher scores that a previous non-clinical sample on three of the scales. The four body-related behaviours had different patterns of association with eating pathology, depression and narcissistic features. However, anxiety was not associated with BRBS scores. Conclusions: The findings support the importance of a wide range of body-related behaviours and cognitions in understanding the eating disorders. However, the lack of an association with anxiety is counter to the suggestion that the various behaviours measured by the BRBS reflect safety behaviours on the part of sufferers. Depression and narcissistic features might be more important in maintaining such behaviours.

scholarly journals Why Deteriorating Relations, Xenophobia, and Safety Concerns Will Deter Chinese International Student Mobility to the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Allen ◽  
Ying Ye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
International Student Mobility ◽  
Chinese International Student ◽  
Trump Administration

Collaborations between American and Chinese universities have been critical to global knowledge production. Chinese students accounted for over a third of all international students in the United States prior to COVID-19, but the pandemic paused most global mobility in 2020. We argue that this international mobility to the United States will not fully recover if larger stressors are left unaddressed. First, relations between the United States and China have deteriorated in recent years, especially under the Trump administration, with growing suspicion against Chinese researchers and scholars. Second, viral acts of violence and anti-Asian incidents have painted the United States as unsafe for Chinese students. Finally, given the mismanaged response to the pandemic, it may take years before trust returns from abroad. While the Biden administration has promised to curb some of these issues, the perceptions of the United States may have been permanently altered. 

Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism in the Eating Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Waller ◽  
Tonya Shaw ◽  
Caroline Meyer ◽  
Michelle Haslam ◽  
Rachel Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Control

Background: Perseveration, persistence and perfectionism are traits that have been suggested to be relevant to the eating disorders. This study explored the levels and correlates of these three traits in the eating disorders and control groups. Method: A measure of these three elements (the Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism Questionnaire - PPPQ-22) was administered to 99 women with eating disorders, 25 women with other psychiatric disorders, and 91 non-clinical women. Differences in PPPQ-22 scores across groups were measured, as were the associations between PPPQ-22 scores and eating attitudes. Results: The eating disordered groups showed lower levels of persistence (the drive towards goal achievement) than the non-clinical group, but did not show higher levels of perseveration (the following of rules, without considering whether goals are achieved). Both women with eating disorders and non-clinical controls showed correlations between eating disorder symptoms and perseveration. Conclusions: The current study, using a relatively new measure, suggests that low levels of persistence, rather than high levels of perseveration, may be implicated in the eating disorders. It was less clear that perfectionism per se was a useful construct in understanding eating pathology. If confirmed by future research, persistence should be considered in treatment of these complex and challenging conditions.

Case Studies, Trade War Impacts Between USA And China : The Decline Of Cotton Carded Yarn 32/1 Selling Volume To China On Dan Liris Incorporation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
Riza Indah Pramesti A.Md ◽  
Avina Utari A.Md
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Employee Welfare ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
New Strategies

This study aims to describe the prospect of the trend of export sales volume of 32/1 cotton carded yarn in PT Dan Liris. In 2018, the volume of exports of 32/1 cotton carded yarn to China dropped dramatically to zero orders. In addition, research on the decline in the sales volume of exports of 32/1 cotton carded yarn to China aims to find out deeply the flow of the company's external factors, namely trade war which caused a decline in the volume of export sales to China at PT Dan Liris. The method used in this study is a mixed method by providing an overview of the problems that occur in the PT Dan Liris company. The analytical tool in this study is the trend analysis technique by giving an overview of the trend in volume and the prospect of possible future export volumes of yarn products. The results of the analysis of the data obtained are the volume of export sales of PT Dan Liris yarn to China that are upside down or unstable. This study also succeeded in revealing that the existence of external factors in the trade war that occurred between the United States and China was very detrimental to the company in terms of income and continuity of production. Based on the results of the analysis of the data, the authors then conducted a SWOT analysis matrix as the company's alternative. The author suggests 12 new strategies that can be done by PT Dan Liris such as PT Dan Liris can take action by utilizing promotional services either online or offline, conducting research and analyzing the development of buyer countries related to economic issues on a regular basis, as well as the likely impact on the company. A survey of customer satisfaction and attention to employee welfare is also very important to maintain the integrity of the company. Keywords: Sales Volume, Trade War, Company Integrity.

Recruiting Immigrant and Refugee Arab American Mother–Father–Infant Triads Resettling in the United States: A Feasibility Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Dalia Khalil ◽  
Carmen Giurgescu ◽  
Dawn P. Misra ◽  
Thomas Templin ◽  
Arash Javanbakht
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee

Background Recent Iraqi and Syrian immigrant families are exposed to stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms due to civil war. Recruitment challenges specific to conducting research within this population include the lack of knowledge about research, stigma of mental illness, and mistrust. Purposes Among immigrant Iraqi and Syrian families: (1) evaluate the approach to recruitment and retention; and (2) evaluate the acceptability of the study procedures. Methods This feasibility study was conducted based on the work of Orsmond and Cohn. It is focused on the evaluation of recruitment capability and resulting sample characteristics and evaluation of acceptability and suitability of the study procedures. Mother–father–infant triads were recruited from a community center. Parents completed questionnaires about stress and depressive symptoms. Buccal swab samples were obtained from the triads to measure telomere length, and infant hair samples were obtained to measure cortisol level. Telomere length and hair cortisol were utilized as measures of chronic stress. Results Ten mother–father–infant triads were enrolled out of 11 approached. Challenges faced this study included inability to reach families by telephone and the effect of cultural norms where the husband’s permission was needed before proceeding, resulting in a slow pace of recruitment. The study strategy and procedures appeared to be feasible as all of the families who participated completed all study protocols. Conclusion This study provides feasibility data to inform the launching of a larger study to examine the associations of family stress with infant stress and development. These findings from Iraqi and Syrian families may be generalizable to studies seeking to recruit these and other immigrant and refugee population families.

The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Madoka Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.

scholarly journals Transforming Gerontological Research by Meaningfully Engaging Persons Living With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 728-728
Author(s):  
Michael Lepore ◽  
Richard Fortinsky
Keyword(s):  
Research Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract Whereas persons living with dementia have commonly been subjects of gerontological research, participation of persons with dementia in designing and conducting studies and in scientific research meetings has been rare in the United States. In recent years, person-centered research models have arisen which give persons with dementia and their caregivers core roles in the research enterprise. As “co-researchers” with academic/professional researchers, persons with dementia and their caregivers are engaged in all aspects of the research enterprise, jointly developing research questions and study designs, collecting and analyzing data, planning research meetings, and disseminating results. International studies have shown that conducting research in collaboration with the population that is being studied has potential to enhance the quality and appropriateness of research and has been identified as an essential component of studies examining the effectiveness of different approaches to care. This session spotlights innovative advances in gerontological research that meaningfully engages persons with dementia. First, the engagement of persons with dementia in scientific meetings is addressed drawing on the examples of the 2017 and 2020 National Research Summits on Care Services and Supports for Persons with Dementia and their Caregivers (i.e., Summits). Next, a study using a patient engagement framework for caregivers and individuals with mild cognitive impairment living at home is discussed. Finally, the Empowering Partnerships program, which prepares researchers, persons with dementia, and care partners to collaborate in conducting research is reviewed. Outcomes and challenges of these innovations are examined, and the need for academic/professional researcher roles to evolve is discussed.

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