On Voting Procedures for Decision-making on Public Goods

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERT P. BRUIN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Voting Procedures

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Liesbet Hooghe ◽  
Tobias Lenz ◽  
Gary Marks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
International Organization ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
The Core ◽  
Set Up

Chapter 1 sets out the core puzzle of international governance, introduces postfunctionalist theory, and situates it in relation to realism, liberal institutionalism, and constructivism. Postfunctionalism theorizes how conceptions of community constrain the functional provision of public goods across territorial scale. It hypothesizes that international organization is social as well as functional and provides a precise and falsifiable explanation of the institutional set-up of an IO, including its membership, contractual basis, policy portfolio, and the extent to which an IO pools authority in collective decision making and delegates authority to independent actors.

scholarly journals Introducing the SWOT Scorecard Technique to Analyse Diversified AE Collective Schemes with a DEX Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Janja Rudolf ◽  
Andrej Udovč
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Transformation Technique ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Swot Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

Comparing diversified agri-environmental (AE) collective schemes in their capability to provide AE public goods faces great challenges, mostly because of their diversified nature and relatively new way to approach the provision of AE public goods. The state of the art is that there are not yet any common quantitative indicators or data to build a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to compare it with other practices and to set the strategic plan for the scheme’s improvement. Nevertheless, some qualitative common data of SWOT analyses are available, but the question remains how to simultaneously compare several SWOT analyses in an MCDM model. This study introduces a new way of transforming the qualitative results of SWOT analyses to fit in the MCDM Decision Expert (DEX) model using a special transformation technique SWOT scorecard. The SWOT scorecard evaluates the importance of qualitative results of several SWOT analyses simultaneously in a quantitative way, describing with points how supportive the environment is to each criterion in the DEX model. The SWOT scorecard keeps track of the original results from SWOT analysis and considers the diversity of AE schemes, which results in an appearance of the convergence points. This gives a key for comparing the AE collective schemes in providing AE public goods. Furthermore, it gives a solution for discussing the synergy between aspects that affect AE public goods provision for every AE scheme investigated. The technique is tested via five AE collective schemes in the DEXi program and gives deeper insight into factors that affect each scheme’s performance.

scholarly journals USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN VOTING AT THE GENERAL MEETING OF PARTICIPANTS (SHAREHOLDERS’) BUSINESS ENTITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
E. V. Elnikova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corporate Legislation

The article deals with issues related to the exercise of the right to participate in the General meeting of participants (shareholders) of economic companies through the use of digital technologies. The Russian corporate legislation provides for the possibility of voting at the General meeting using electronic means. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to expand the dispositive regulation, which provides corporations with more opportunities to determine the directions necessary for them to implement new technologies. The advantages of using electronic voting forms in joint-stock companies with a large number of shareholders are considered. The risks associated with the use of digital technologies when voting at the General meeting are highlighted. Attention is drawn to the need to develop ways to ensure the evidence base for the Commission member of the Corporation’s actions by voting in electronic form. It was suggested that the introduction of digital technologies in the voting procedures at the General meeting of participants (shareholders) leads to a gradual leveling of the differences between decision-making in face-to-face and absentee voting.

scholarly journals National Inequality and Individual Readiness to Cooperate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Real World ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
Decision Making Processes

People in societies with higher inequality spend less time volunteering, and participate less in social organizations. Nations with higher inequality spend less money on social welfare, and have more conflict. Laboratory research has shown that when inequality is simulated in cooperative economic games, people who are given more resources contribute less than is optimal, and people who are given fewer resources contribute more. This study links these findings to real world inequality, and applies a model to explain these effects in terms of decision-making processes. Using a dataset of 255 groups playing public goods games in thirteen economically diverse societies, I show that in nations with higher inequality, economic cooperation decays more quickly. Using a behavioral model, I show that this occurs because people living in less equal nations have a lower readiness to match one another’s contributions. I discuss the importance of these results for understanding trust and conflict.

When Do Renters Behave Like Homeowners? High Rent, Price Anxiety, and NIMBYism

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HANKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
High Rent ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
The City

How does spatial scale affect support for public policy? Does supporting housing citywide but “Not In My Back Yard” (NIMBY) help explain why housing has become increasingly difficult to build in once-affordable cities? I use two original surveys to measure how support for new housing varies between the city scale and neighborhood scale. Together, an exit poll of 1,660 voters during the 2015 San Francisco election and a national survey of over 3,000 respondents provide the first experimental measurements of NIMBYism. While homeowners are sensitive to housing’s proximity, renters typically do not express NIMBYism. However, in high-rent cities, renters demonstrate NIMBYism on par with homeowners, despite continuing to support large increases in the housing supply citywide. These scale-dependent preferences not only help explain the deepening affordability crisis, but show how institutions can undersupply even widely supported public goods. When preferences are scale dependent, the scale of decision-making matters.

Ideology and social cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Jordan Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members

AbstractResearch links liberal and conservative ideological orientations with variation on psychological and cognitive characteristics that are important for perceptual processes and decision-making. This study investigates whether this variation can impact the social behaviors of liberals and conservatives. A sample of subjects (n = 1,245) participated in a modified public goods game in which an intragroup inequality was introduced to observe the effect on individuals’ tendency toward self-interested versus prosocial behavior. Overall, the contributions of neither liberal- nor conservative-oriented individuals were affected by conditions of a general intragroup inequality. However, in response to the knowledge that group members voted to redress the inequality, levels of contribution among liberals significantly increased in comparison to the control. This was not true for conservatives. The results provide evidence that differences in ideological orientation are associated with individual differences in social cognition.

The Scottish Referendum

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Peter Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Preferential Vote ◽  
Voting Procedures

And the winner was… devo-max. It was not on the ballot paper; it received just a handful of spoiled votes; but it won. So maybe the two-option, yes-or-no ballot was not the most appropriate decision-making methodology. Rather, a three-option poll might have been the catalyst for a more subtle debate and a more accurate outcome, while a preferential vote on five or six options could have catered for even more sophistication. Accordingly, this article questions the decision to restrict the 2014 referendum to two options. Next, it asks what might have happened if a three-option ballot had been held. It then compares what could happen under different voting procedures before advocating a more inclusive structure. And lastly, consideration is given to multi-option referendums, both in Scotland and abroad.

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