An international inter-laboratory trial of the proposed ISO 105-C08 test procedure: a single wash test protocol using a detergent incorporating a low-temperature bleach activator

This paper presents a Superheated Steam Test Rig and a Test Procedure for Compressed Non-Asbestos (CNA) Gaskets qualification. The Test Rig is a versatile assembly that can use different flange sizes and heating systems. It simulates a Superheated Steam Boiler with a water feed pump, pressurized water tank, pressure relief valve, condenser and the flange pair acting as the Steam generation unit. Heating can be provided by an oven or heating element bands. The Test Protocol enables the evaluation of the gasket performance in Superheated Steam in severe operational conditions like high pressure and temperature with thermal cycling. Different types of non-asbestos compressed gaskets were tested monitoring the leak rate and bolt load at each thermal cycle.

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A Novel Fuel Performance Index for Low-Temperature Combustion Engines Based on Operating Envelopes in Light-Duty Driving Cycle Simulations

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4029948 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 137 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kyle E. Niemeyer ◽

Shane R. Daly ◽

William J. Cannella ◽

Christopher L. Hagen

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Performance Index ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Driving Cycle ◽

Low Temperature Combustion ◽

Fuel Performance ◽

Light Duty ◽

Auto Ignition ◽

Temperature Combustion ◽

Light Duty Vehicle

Low-temperature combustion (LTC) engine concepts such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) offer the potential of improved efficiency and reduced emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates. However, engines can only successfully operate in HCCI mode for limited operating ranges that vary depending on the fuel composition. Unfortunately, traditional ratings such as octane number (ON) poorly predict the auto-ignition behavior of fuels in such engine modes, and metrics recently proposed for HCCI engines have areas of improvement when wide ranges of fuels are considered. In this study, a new index for ranking fuel suitability for LTC engines was defined, based on the fraction of potential fuel savings achieved in the federal test procedure (FTP-75) light-duty vehicle driving cycle. Driving cycle simulations were performed using a typical light-duty passenger vehicle, providing pairs of engine speed and load points. Separately, single-zone naturally aspirated HCCI engine simulations were performed for a variety of fuels in order to determine the operating envelopes for each. These results were combined to determine the varying improvement in fuel economy offered by fuels, forming the basis for a fuel performance index. Results showed that, in general, lower octane fuels performed better, resulting in higher LTC fuel index values; however, ON alone did not predict fuel performance.

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Plutonium Alteration Phases from Vapor Hydration of Lanthanide Borosilicate Glass for Weapons Material Disposition: a TEM Study

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600010205 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (S2) ◽

pp. 663-664

Author(s):

J. A. Fortner ◽

C. J. Mertz ◽

D. C. Chamberlain ◽

J. K. Bates

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Borosilicate Glass ◽

Glass Composition ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Yucca Mountain ◽

Geologic Repository ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Time Periods

A lanthanide borosilicate glass, also known as LaBS glass, is being considered for the disposition of surplus weapons plutonium and plutonium residues. The LaBS glass, based upon Löffler-type glasses, is chemically durable and can dissolve substantial amounts of plutonium as well as the neutron absorbers gadolinium and hafnium [1]. Samples of a prototype LaBS glass composition containing 10 wt. % plutonium were subjected to water vapor at 200 °C for periods of 14 to 56 days. The Argonne Vapor Hydration Test Procedure was followed [2]. This test, while not designed to replicate specific conditions that may be found in a potential geologic repository (e.g., Yucca Mountain), has been shown to accelerate alteration phase formation that is usually observed in low-temperature tests over extended time periods [2]. The surfaces of the glass samples, along with alteration phases, were examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to determine the characteristic alteration products.

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Performance Testing of Hydraulic Cements: Measuring Sulfate Resistance

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ◽

10.6028/jres.123.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chiara F. Ferraris ◽

Paul E. Stutzman ◽

Max Peltz

Keyword(s):

Test Procedure ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Sulfate Solution ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Decision Time ◽

Test Method ◽

Test Duration ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Sulfate Resistance

The sulfate resistance of cements used in the construction industry is traditionally assessed by measuring the expansion of a prism of 280 mm (11inch) length and 25 mm (1 inch) square cross section immersed in a sodium sulfate solution for at least one year. The duration of the experiment limits this test from being used as a performance-based determination of innovative mixtures of cementitious materials. In response to the need for a more rapid test protocol, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a new test method that measures the expansion of smaller bars (10 mm x 10 mm x 60 mm) made with neat cement paste. With these bars, similar expansion is achieved in less than 3 months, reducing the test duration by a factor of at least 4. This accelerated test method provides more rapid results consistent with the traditional test procedure, allowing for a shorter decision time and the screening of more materials.

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Application of a novel bleach activator to low temperature bleaching of raw cotton fabrics

Journal of the Textile Institute ◽

10.1080/00405000.2014.945764 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 106 (8) ◽

pp. 807-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongxian Zeng ◽

Ren-Cheng Tang

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Bleach Activator

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Evaluation of Rapid Triaxial Test in Quality Control of Hot-Mix Asphalt

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1832-23 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1832 (1) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan S. Gould ◽

Yamini V. Nanagiri ◽

Rajib B. Mallick ◽

Joseph D. Petruccelli ◽

William C. Crockford

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Triaxial Test ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Test Method ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Target Values ◽

Quality Control Tool ◽

Different Temperatures

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the rapid triaxial test method for use in quality control of hot-mix asphalt production and, if possible, determine test conditions for reliable results. The scope of this study consisted of testing different mixes at two different temperatures and frequencies and evaluating the results. The equipment was rugged and portable, and the hardware and software were easy to handle and did not require extensive technician training. The results from this study show that modulus and phase angle values obtained from testing are sensitive to key mixture components and properties. The coefficients of variation of results obtained from tests conducted at 60°C and 1 Hz are low. Tests with fine-graded mixes showed good correlation of dynamic stiffness parameters with rutting, and the stiffness parameters were found to be sensitive to the ratio of dust to effective binder. One significant advantage of using this test procedure as a regular quality control tool is that decisions can be made on the basis of performance-related parameters rather than on the basis of volumetric properties only. In view of its desirable qualities, this test method seems to be usable on a regular basis for quality control testing. However, before it is used, agencies must adopt a test protocol and establish target values and allowable variations.

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Understanding Sources of Variability of Overlay Test Procedure

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2507-02 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2507 (1) ◽

pp. 10-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Victor M. Garcia ◽

Alejandro Miramontes

Keyword(s):

Test Procedure ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Reflective Cracking ◽

Climatic Effects ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Cracking Resistance ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

Key Steps ◽

Cycles To Failure

“Fatigue cracking” is defined as the accumulation of reflective cracking on hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layers under the repeated application of vehicular loads combined with climatic effects. Several highway agencies have either implemented or considered implementing the overlay tester (OT) to evaluate the fatigue cracking resistance of HMA specimens as a function of the number of cycles that the specimen may resist during the test until a reflective crack appears and propagates. The repeatability of the number of cycles to failure measured with the OT is considered as one of the main challenges in reliably evaluating the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the sources and causes of variability of the parameters measured with the OT. Some of the possible causes of inconsistency in the results include the amount of torque applied to attach OT specimens, the amount of glue required for each OT specimen, the curing time of the glue, and the elapsed time between preparation and testing. For a better delineation of the uncertainties associated with the preparation process of HMA specimens and the mechanism of the OT equipment, a thorough study and practical laboratory evaluation of key steps involved in the overlay test protocol were performed on several synthetic and HMA specimens. Through the investigation of the important inconsistencies in the future guidelines, the variability and repeatability of the results from the OT on the number of cycles to failure may be improved.

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Standardized Test Procedure for External Human–Machine Interfaces of Automated Vehicles

Information ◽

10.3390/info11030173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christina Kaß ◽

Stefanie Schoch ◽

Frederik Naujoks ◽

Sebastian Hergeth ◽

Andreas Keinath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standardized Test ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Empirical Evaluation ◽

Automated Vehicles ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Human Machine Interfaces

Research on external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) has recently become a major area of interest in the field of human factors research on automated driving. The broad variety of methodological approaches renders the current state of research inconclusive and comparisons between interface designs impossible. To date, there are no standardized test procedures to evaluate and compare different design variants of eHMIs with each other and with interactions without eHMIs. This article presents a standardized test procedure that enables the effective usability evaluation of eHMI design solutions. First, the test procedure provides a methodological approach to deduce relevant use cases for the evaluation of an eHMI. In addition, we define specific usability requirements that must be fulfilled by an eHMI to be effective, efficient, and satisfying. To prove whether an eHMI meets the defined requirements, we have developed a test protocol for the empirical evaluation of an eHMI with a participant study. The article elucidates underlying considerations and details of the test protocol that serves as framework to measure the behavior and subjective evaluations of non-automated road users when interacting with automated vehicles in an experimental setting. The standardized test procedure provides a useful framework for researchers and practitioners.

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