THE IMPACT OF PRICE EXPECTATIONS AND BUSINESS CONDITIONS ON THE BALANCE SHEET STRUCTURE OF MANUFACTURERS

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
Sheet Structure ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The Relation between Accounting Information in Debt Covenants and Operating Leases

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gyung H. Paik ◽  
Joyce A. van der Laan Smith ◽  
Brandon Byunghwan Lee ◽  
Sung Wook Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Debt Covenants ◽  
Debt Contracts ◽  
Debt Contracting ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Operating Leases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accounting Ratios ◽  
Lease Accounting

SYNOPSIS Proposed changes by the FASB and the IASB to lease accounting standards will substantially change the accounting for operating leases by requiring the capitalization of future lease payments. We consider the impact of these changes on firms' debt covenants by examining the frequency of income-statement- versus balance-sheet-based accounting ratios in debt covenants of firms in high and low Off Balance Sheet (OBS) lease industries. Based on debt contracts from the 1996–2009 period, our results provide evidence that lenders focus on balance sheet (income statement) ratios in designing debt covenants for borrowers in low (high) OBS lease industries. Further, the use of balance-sheet- (income-statement-) based covenants falls (rises) faster in high OBS lease industries than in low OBS lease industries as the use of OBS leasing increases. This evidence indicates that OBS operating leases influence lenders' use of accounting information in covenants, suggesting that creditors consider the impact of OBS leases when structuring debt agreements. These results also suggest that the proposed capitalization of OBS leases may not result in firms violating loan covenants but will make the balance sheet a more complete source of information for debt contracting by removing the need for constructive capitalization of OBS leases.

scholarly journals Impact of National Culture on International Human Resource Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In today’s business conditions, the internationalisation of business becomes an almost inevitable precondition for future growth and development of organisations. However, internationalisation of business usually requires organisations to implement some changes in the way they operated in the previous period. One of the areas that require some changes is the area of human resource management, too. Factors which require modifications in this system are related primarily to the legal regulations of other countries, but also to the characteristics of their national culture. The former influence comes from the fact that national culture exerts a powerful influence on the system of values, attitudes and behaviour of people in a particular country and, among the other things, on the preferences for policies and procedures in the field of human resources management. Starting from the above, this paper analyses the impact of certain dimensions of national culture on the preferred content of human resources management in organisations in certain countries. The aim of the paper is to provide the theoretical basis for organisations that internationalised their business, or intend to do so, to create system of human resource management in the entities abroad which, at least, will represent the balance between the system that is applied at headquarter and one that is preferred in entities abroad, in order to be effective.

scholarly journals New Approaches to the Interpretation of Balance in the Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
M. I. Lugachev ◽  
N. V. Ulianova ◽  
K. G. Skripkin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operating Activities

The purpose of the article is to theoretically prove the possibility of generating forecast information in the balance-sheet regarding profit indicators, net inflow of operating money and financial capital. According to the authors, the system of these indicators is revealed in dynamics, thus reflecting the impact of profit on the financial condition of the organization. A logical and accounting balance-sheet relationship is established between actual and forecast indicators that characterize the financial condition in the past and future. By analyzing the processes in the operating cycle, the economic and financial feasibility of operating profit as a net cash flow from operating activities is theoretically proved. Based on the process approach and the induction method, the indicator of operating profit is included in the valuation of the asset and liability side of the balance-sheet, thereby developing the valuation method and forming a new forecast model of balance-sheet generalizations. The content of the forecast model of balance is described in the form of a balance equation. The obtained theoretical conclusions are verified experimentally.As a result, the asset of the balance-sheet reflects the process of transforming the value of operational resources into their selling price, and the forecast operating profit is generated in the liability side of the balance-sheet, which relates to assets and liabilities recognized in accounting at the current time. Cost parameter and value index are introduced, which characterize the indicators of income and expenses as the transformation of operational resources. Any change in the cost of resources used and the possible price (value) of their sale is reflected in the balance-sheet and affects the change in the estimate of forecast operating profit in real time. At the same time, due to the simultaneous recognition in the balance-sheet of actual and forecast estimates of assets and liabilities and the indicator of forecast operating profit, the indicator of financial capital receives a new interpretation. If we compare the value of assets and accounts payable, then financial capital characterizes the security of operating activities with own sources of financing in the past. If we compare the selling price of assets and account payable, then financial capital shows the forecast for repayment of account payable at the expense of own funds in the future. Consequently, the transition from actual to forecast estimates in the balance-sheet reveals the process of the circulation of operating capital and shows how much profit is provided by investments in working stocks made in the past. Due to the double recording method, any forecast estimates can be verified by the user, which increases the reliability of the forecast information in the balance-sheet.In fact, the balance-sheet is interpreted as a new method of analysis and forecasting of financial and economic indicators characterizing the activities of the organization. At the same time, it is not necessary to perform additional analytical calculations, forecast operating profit and analysis of its impact on financial capital can be carried out in real time as often as accounting entries are made that affect the change in working capital.

scholarly journals CURRENCY DEPRECIATION AND CORPORATE NET WORTH OF LISTED COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prasetyantoko
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Currency Depreciation ◽  
Tradable Sector ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Companies

This paper is concerned with the impact of currency depreciation during the period of crisis on the corporate net worth of listed companies in Indonesia. The findings can shed light on the corporate “balance sheet effect” of currency crisis. This paper finds that firms with a higher debt-equity ratio have a lower value in market capitalization growth, sales and asset during crisis and in postperiod of crisis. Meanwhile, firms with majority foreign ownership (F) have higher sales during crisis and in one year after crisis than domestic companies (L). Furthermore, firms in tradable sector (T) have higher sales and less debt-equity ratio during crisis and one year after crisis than those in Non-tradable sector (N). This research uses data from Indonesian Stock Exchange’s (IDX) database and ECFFN covering the period of 1994-2004. This empirical research using panel data analysis includes 238 listed companies with at least 5 consecutive years.

scholarly journals MONETARY DISCRETION BY FISCAL MEANS: THE CASE OF BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preslav Dimitrov ◽  
Ivan Todorov ◽  
Stoyan Tanchev ◽  
Petar Yurukov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Liquidity Effect ◽  
Currency Board ◽  
Automatic Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Study Results ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reserve Ratio

The specific design of the Bulgarian currency board arrangement (CBA), which provides an opportunity for the Bulgarian government to conduct discretionary monetary policy by changes in the fiscal reserve, was analyzed. The impact of government deposit fluctuations on the dynamics of reserve money and interbank interest rates was investigated. The hypotheses of an automatic adjustment mechanism and a liquidity effect under the Bulgarian currency board arrangement were tested. The methodology employed was a vector autoregression, which included the following variables: MB – monetary base; BP – the balance of payments; GD – government deposit on the balance sheet of the Issue Department of the Bulgarian National Bank; MRR – minimum required reserve ratio of commercial banks. The target variable was MB. Monthly data for the period of January 1998 - December 2018 were used. The study results did not provide evidence of a statistically significant impact of changes in government deposit on reserve money and interbank interest rates. The hypotheses for the existence of an automatic adjustment mechanism and a liquidity effect did not find an empirical confirmation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Inventory Valuation Methods on Corporate Financial Reports.

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
A. Bruce Caster ◽  
Wanda K. Causseaux
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Hypothetical Case ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
The Impact

Business students are generally introduced to LIFO and FIFO in their first accounting course. However, that introduction generally focuses exclusively on computing ending inventory and cost of goods sold.  Students are rarely challenged to compute or analyze the impacts of LIFO and FIFO on the income statement, balance sheet, or cash flow statement.  This paper presents a hypothetical case designed to provide a framework within which students can compute, analyze, and discuss the financial statement impacts and economic impacts of choosing one or the other of these accounting methods.  The questions in this case also address the effects of this choice on financial indicators like liquidity ratios, the impacts of each method on quality of earnings, and the potential impacts of IFRS convergence on companies that are currently using LIFO.One important feature of this case is its adaptability to support a variety of learning outcomes in different courses.  This flexibility results from making the questions posed in the case as independent of each other as possible.  That independence allows a professor to select only the questions that support the learning outcomes for that professor’s specific course.  The teaching notes discuss in detail possible course applications and uses of this case.

Empirical evaluation of structure-conduct-performance paradigm as applied to the Iranian Islamic banking system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl ◽  
Muhammad Mahdi Rashidi ◽  
Alireza Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of market structure and market share on the performance of the Islamic banks operating in the Iranian banking system based on the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm. Design/methodology/approach The Iranian Islamic banking system’s market structure is evaluated by using the econometrics method to test the validity of the traditional SCP paradigm. For this purpose, the authors estimate a simple regression model that is consisted of several independent variables, such as the market share, bank size, real gross domestic product, liquidity and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a proxy variable for concentration and one dependent variable, namely, the profit as a proxy for performance. The panel data includes a data sample of 22 Islamic banks operating from 2006 to 2019. Data are extracted from the balance sheet of Islamic banks and the time-series database of the Central Bank of Iran and World Bank. Findings The study’s findings indicate that both concentration and market share have a positive impact on the performance of banks in the Iranian Islamic banking system. This result is contradicted with both traditional SCP and efficient structure hypotheses; however, it confirms the existence of oligopoly or cartel in the Iranian Islamic banking system that few banks try to gain the highest share of profit and maintain their market share by colluding with each other. This result is in contradiction with other research studies about the market structure in the Iranian banking system that claimed that banks in Iran operate under monopolistic competition. In addition, it shows that the privatization of some banks in Iran does not improve and help competition in the Iranian banking system. Originality/value This paper is a pioneer empirical study analyzing the market structure, concentration and collusion based on the SCP paradigm in Iranian Islamic banking. The results of the study support the existence of collusive behavior among the Islamic bank in Iran that is not aligned with Sharia. This study clearly shows the difference between ideal Islamic banking and Islamic banking in practice in Islamic countries. This clearly indicates that only prohibiting some operations like receiving interest, gambling and bearing excessive risk is not enough. In fact, the Islamic banking system should be based on the Sharia rule in all aspects and much more modification and study have to be done to achieve an appropriate Islamic banking system. These possible modifications to overcome the issues of cartel-like market structure and collusive behavior in the Iranian Islamic banking system include making the Iranian banking system more transparent, letting foreign banks enter the Iranian banking system and minimizing the government intervention in the Iranian banking system.

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