scholarly journals Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Woodford ◽  
Jane F. Turton ◽  
David M. Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

The role of the natural environment in the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MH Wellington ◽  
Alistair BA Boxall ◽  
Paul Cross ◽  
Edward J Feil ◽  
William H Gaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Investigating colistin drug resistance: The role of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Aruhomukama ◽  
Ivan Sserwadda ◽  
Gerald Mboowa
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative

Bacterial infections involving antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacteria continue to increase and represent a major global public health concern. Resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria is mediated by chromosomal and/or acquired resistance mechanisms, these give rise to multi-drug resistant (MDR) or extensive drug resistant (XDR) bacterial strains. Most recently, a novel acquired plasmid mediated resistance mechanism to colistin, an antibiotic that had been set apart as the last resort antibiotic in the treatment of infections involving MDR and XDR gram-negative bacteria, has been reported. Plasmid mediated colistin resistant gram-negative bacteria have been described to be pan-drug resistant, implying a state devoid of alternative antibiotic therapeutic options. This review describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance to plasmid mediated colistin resistance, and discusses the potential role of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genomics and bioinformatics towards improving antibiotic resistance surveillance, the search for novel drug targets and precision antibiotic therapy focused at combating colistin resistance, and antimicrobial resistance as a whole.

scholarly journals Resistance to antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from broiler carcasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M.A.S. Moreira ◽  
C.A. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Low Levels

One hundred and ninety-seven isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, comprising 10 genera, were isolated from poultry carcasses at a processing plant in order to investigate resistance to low levels of antibiotics. The samples were taken just after evisceration and before inspection. Most of the isolates were of Samonella and Escherichia. Other genera present were Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Erwinia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Distinct profiles of antibiotic resistance were detected. Resistance to more than two antibiotics predominated and spanned several classes of antibiotics. Salmonellae and escherichiae were mainly resistant to the aminoglycosides, followed by tetracycline, nitrofuran, sulpha, macrolide, chloramphenicol, quinolones and beta-lactams. Most isolates were sensitive to 30mug/ml olaquindox, the growth promoter in use at the time of sampling. However, many were resistant to a level of 10mug/ml and 13mug/ml olaquindox, levels present in the gut due to the dilution in the feed. The results suggest a possible role of low level administration of antibiotics to broilers in selecting multi-resistant bacteria in vivo.

RND efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria; regulation, structure and role in antibiotic resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L Colclough ◽  
Ilyas Alav ◽  
Emily E Whittle ◽  
Hannah L Pugh ◽  
Elizabeth M Darby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
New Information ◽  
Rnd Efflux Pumps ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Rresistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria remove multiple, structurally distinct classes of antimicrobials from inside bacterial cells therefore directly contributing to multidrug resistance. There is also emerging evidence that many other mechanisms of antibiotic resistance rely on the intrinsic resistance conferred by RND efflux. In addition to their role in antibiotic resistance, new information has become available about the natural role of RND pumps including their established role in virulence of many Gram-negative organisms. This review also discusses the recent advances in understanding the regulation and structure of RND efflux pumps.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARALLELS AT PATHOLOGICAL AND BORDERLINE STATES ASSOCIATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
A. R. Mavzyutov ◽  
K. R. Bondarenko ◽  
G. A. Mavzyutova ◽  
L. R. Glazutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Component Systems

The review systematizes data on the structure of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and their role in physiological and systemic pathological processes. The analysis of literature and our own data is of scientific and practical interest for specialists in the field of clinical laboratory diagnostics, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, therapists, immunologists and obstetrician-gynecologists, including studies on the role of LPS in unique three-component systems - «mother-placenta-fetus». The prospects of using LPS as immunomodulatory, including for the treatment of infectious diseases, are justified. It is shown that along with their use for the correction of immunodeficiency or the development of new adjuvants and vaccines, it is possible to use their high regulatory activity even at the epigenetic level. The possibility of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of LPS in the context of an alternative solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance of bacteria is discussed.

scholarly journals Investigating colistin drug resistance: The role of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Aruhomukama ◽  
Ivan Sserwadda ◽  
Gerald Mboowa
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative

Bacterial infections involving antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria continue to increase and represent a major global public health concern. Resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria is mediated by chromosomal and/or acquired resistance mechanisms, these give rise to multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensive-drug resistant (XDR) or pan-drug resistant (PDR) bacterial strains. Most recently, plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, an antibiotic that had been set apart as the last resort antibiotic in the treatment of infections involving MDR, XDR and PDR gram-negative bacteria has been reported. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistant gram-negative bacteria have been described to be PDR, implying a state devoid of alternative antibiotic therapeutic options. This review concisely describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance to plasmid-mediated colistin resistance and discusses the potential role of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genomics, and bioinformatics towards improving antibiotic resistance surveillance, the search for novel drug targets and precision antibiotic therapy focused at combating colistin resistance, and antibiotic resistance as a whole.

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL), bla TEM,bla SHVand bla CTX-M,resistance genes in Community and Healthcare Associated Gram Negative Bacteria from Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyat Shitta ◽  
Olufunmilola Makanjuola ◽  
Olusolabomi Adefioye ◽  
Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production in gram negative bacteria confers multiple antibiotic resistance, adversely affecting antimicrobial therapy in infected individuals. ESBLs result from mutations in β-lactamases encoded mainly by the bla TEM,bla SHVand bla CTX-Mgenes. The prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria has been on the increase globally especially its upsurge among isolates from community-acquired infections. Aim: To determine ESBL prevalence and identify ESBL genes among clinical isolates in Osun State, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2016 –July 2017 in Osun State, Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty Gram negative bacteria recovered from clinical samples obtained from both community and healthcare associated infections were tested. They included147 Escherichia coli(40.8%), 116 Klebsiella spp(32.2%), 44 Pseudomo-nas aeruginosa(12.2%) and23 Proteus vulgaris (6.4%) isolates. Others were Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia rubidae, Citrobacter spp, Enterobacter spp and Salmonella typhi. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out, isolates were screened for ESBL production and confirmed using standard laboratory procedures. ESBLs resistance genes were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: All isolates demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanate and erythromycin was 100%, whereas resistance to Imipenem was very low (5.0%). : Overall prevalence of ESBL producers was 41.4% with Klebsiellaspp as the highest ESBL producing Enterobacteriacaea. ESBL producers were more prevalent among the hospital pathogens than community pathogens, 58% vs 29.5% (p=0.003). ESBL genes were detected in all ESBL producers with the blaCTX-Mgene predominating (47.0%) followed by blaTEM(30.9%) and blaSHVgene was the least, 22.1%. The blaCTX-Mgene was also the most prevalent in the healthcare pathogens (62%) but it accounted for only 25% in those of community origin. Conclusion: A high prevalence of ESBL producing gram negative organisms occurs both in healthcare and in the community in our environment with the CTX-M variant predominating. Efforts to control spread of these pathogens should be addressed.

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