Habitat utilisation during staging affects body condition in a long distance migrant,Branta bernicla hrota: potential impacts on fitness?

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Inger ◽  
G. A. Gudmundsson ◽  
G. D. Ruxton ◽  
J. Newton ◽  
K. Colhoun ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20180750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Bodey ◽  
Ian R. Cleasby ◽  
Jonathan D. Blount ◽  
Freydis Vigfusdottir ◽  
Kerry Mackie ◽  
...  

Oxidative stress is a likely consequence of hard physical exertion and thus a potential mediator of life-history trade-offs in migratory animals. However, little is known about the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic stressors on the oxidative state of individuals in wild populations. We quantified the relationships between air temperature, sex, body condition and three markers of oxidative state (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) across hundreds of individuals of a long-distance migrant (the brent goose Branta bernicla hrota ) during wintering and spring staging. We found that air temperature and migratory stage were the strongest predictors of oxidative state. This emphasizes the importance of extrinsic factors in regulating the oxidative state of migrating birds, with differential effects across the migration. The significance of abiotic effects demonstrates an additional mechanism by which changing climates may affect migratory costs.


1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Clausen ◽  
Jesper Madsen ◽  
Steve M. Percival ◽  
David O'Connor ◽  
Guy Q.A. Anderson

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2208
Author(s):  
Bernice Goffin ◽  
Marcial Felgueiras ◽  
Anouschka R. Hof

Many long-distance migratory bird species are in decline, of which environmental changes, such as climate change and land-use changes, are thought to be important drivers. The effects of environmental change on the migration of these birds have often been studied during spring migration. Fewer studies have explored the impacts of environmental change on autumn migration, especially at stopover sites. However, stopover sites are important, as the quality of these sites is expected to change over time. We investigated impacts of local environmental conditions on the migration strategy and body condition of the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) at an autumn migration stopover site using long-term ringing data (1996–2018) and local environmental conditions. We found that although the arrival and departure dates of birds at the stopover site remained unchanged, the body condition (fat score) of the individuals caught decreased, and the stopover duration increased. This suggests that conditions at the stopover site during the autumn migration period have deteriorated over time. This study emphasizes the importance of suitable stopover sites for migratory birds and stresses that changes in environmental conditions during the autumn migration period may be contributing to the current decline in long-distance migratory passerines.


2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer G. Sealy ◽  
Harry R. Carter

From 1979 through 2009, 81 records of long-distance vagrancy in the Long-billed Murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix) in North America south of Alaska were examined to assess body condition and survival after first observation. Sixty-one records were of live birds, of which 38 (62.3%) were discovered at sea along the west coast of North America, 18 (29.5%) were encountered inland, and 5 (8.2%) were encountered along the Atlantic coast. Fifteen of the 20 individuals salvaged (19 adults, 1 juvenile) were discovered on lake shores (75.0%) and the other 5 (25.0%) on marine coasts; 85.0% were dead when initially found (15 dead, 2 shot), and 3 (15.0%) were moribund (2 died within one day, 1 later released). Of 10 sexed individuals, 5 were adult males, 4 were adult females, and 1 was a juvenile female. Eight of 10 murrelets observed foraging were diving on lakes, but 2 others surfaced with fish; two species of common freshwater fish were removed from stomachs of 2 birds shot by hunters. Most birds (72.1%, n = 61) disappeared after one observation, which suggests survival and moving on; one bird stayed at the same location for at least 25 days before disappearing. Dead or dying Long-billed Murrelets found on shorelines of fresh water may have been too emaciated to regain lost mass after arrival—they weighed less than those shot, presumably because they were not able to locate prey or too weak to capture it. Survival for weeks or longer on freshwater stopover sites better explains how Long-billed Murrelets move across North America, with some reaching the Atlantic Ocean. Long-surviving vagrants may establish a new breeding population of Long-billed Murrelet on the west coast of North America.


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Ward ◽  
Joel A. Schmutz ◽  
James S. Sedinger ◽  
Karen S. Bollinger ◽  
Philip D. Martin ◽  
...  

Abstract First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal Plain to provide insight into the magnitude and timing of mortality during fall migration. First-year survival was lower in early fall (15 July–1 October), when birds fledged from brood-rearing areas and migrated to their primary fall staging area at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, than during late fall and early winter (1 October–15 February), when birds made a long-distance transoceanic flight (>5000 km) to wintering areas in Baja California, Mexico. When compared to other years, monthly survival during early fall was 20–24% lower in 1992, the year of latest hatch dates and slowest growth of goslings. There was strong evidence to indicate that survival varied geographically within the early fall period. Monthly survival estimates during early fall were lowest for birds from Tutakoke, highest for birds from the Arctic Coastal Plain, and intermediate at Kokechik. Our findings revealed that most juvenile mortality occurred during the first 2 months following banding, and variation in juvenile survival during this period was likely influenced significantly by environmental parameters and habitat conditions on the breeding grounds. Monthly survival estimates during the subsequent 4 months were similar across geographic areas, and long-distance migration was likely the most important contributor to juvenile mortality during this period. Variación Temporal y Geográfica en la Supervivencia de Juveniles de Branta bernicla nigricans Resumen. La supervivencia durante el primer año de vida tiene implicancias importantes para la estructura y el crecimiento de las poblaciones. Examinamos la variación en la supervivencia estacional en individuos añales de Branta bernicla nigricans marcados al final del verano en Alaska en dos áreas de cría del Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim (Tutakoke y Kokechik) y un área en la planicie costera ártica para brindar información sobre la magnitud y el esquema temporal de mortalidad durante la migración de otoño. La supervivencia durante el primer año fue menor a principios del otoño (15 July–1 October), cuando las aves abandonaron las áreas de cría y migraron hacia el área principal de permanencia otoñal en Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, que durante fines de otoño y comienzos del invierno (1 October–15 February), cuando las aves realizaron un vuelo transoceánico de larga distancia (>5000 km) hacia las áreas de invernada en Baja California, México. Comparando con otros años, la supervivencia mensual durante principios del otoño fue un 20–24% menor en 1992, el año con fechas más tardías de eclosión y con crecimiento más lento de los polluelos. Hubo fuerte evidencia para indicar que la supervivencia varió geográficamente a principios del otoño. Las estimaciones mensuales de supervivencia durante principios del otoño fueron menores para las aves de Tutakoke, mayores para las aves de la planicie costera ártica, e intermedias para Kokechik. Nuestros resultados revelaron que la mayoría de la mortalidad juvenil ocurrió durante los dos primeros meses luego del anillado, y la variación en la supervivencia de los juveniles durante este período fue probablemente influenciada de forma significativa por parámetros ambientales y condiciones del hábitat en las áreas de cría. Las estimaciones mensuales de supervivencia durante los cuatro meses siguientes fueron similares para las distintas áreas geográficas, y la migración de larga distancia fue probablemente la causa más importante de mortalidad juvenil durante este período.


The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-557
Author(s):  
Anna-Marie Benson ◽  
Kevin Winker

Abstract We studied fat stores in passerine migrants at a high-latitude site in Fairbanks, Alaska (64°50'N, 147°50'W). We examined fat-deposition strategies during the final (spring) and initial (autumn) stages of long-distance migration, 1992–1998, to (1) improve understanding of geographic fat-deposition patterns by adding a high-latitude perspective; (2) determine whether there are age-related differences in fat-deposition strategies in autumn; and (3) test the “spring fatter” hypothesis of seasonal fat-deposition, which suggests that migrants should carry more fat in spring when they near their breeding areas than in autumn when they depart. Our analyses examined factors affecting daily fat scores during migration and compared between-season differences in fat stores among a total of 18,685 individuals of 16 migrant species. In autumn, adults had higher visible subcutaneous fat scores than immatures in 11 of 16 species. However, in all but two species, those differences were attributable to the effects of overnight low temperature, day length, and time of day, rather than age, probably because of later departures by adults. Fat scores were higher in autumn than in spring in 6 of 16 species, and body-condition indices were higher in autumn in 5 of 16 species. Only one species showed higher fat scores in spring, but that difference was not reflected in a seasonal comparison of body- condition indices. No species arrived with high fat loads in spring, and generally low fat levels in autumn suggest that high-latitude passerine migrants in North America are paying most of the energetic costs of long-distance migration with resources obtained en route to their wintering grounds. Among passerine migrants near these high-latitude breeding grounds, seasonal fat-deposition strategies appear to be responding to energetic needs at the level of daily maintenance, rather than to hypothesized insurance needs in spring or to the forthcoming needs of a long- distance migration in autumn.


The Auk ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison F. Lewis

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Alerstam

Predicted flight trajectories differ depending on which orientation cues are used by migrating birds. Results from radar and satellite tracking of migrating birds can be used to test which of the predicted trajectories shows the best fit with observed flight routes, supporting the use of the associated orientation mechanism. Radar studies of bird migration at the Northeast Passage and the Northwest Passage support the occurrence of migration along sun compass routes in these polar regions. In contrast, satellite tracking of Brent geese (Branta bernicla) migrating from Iceland across Greenland and from Northwest Europe to Siberia show routes that conform most closely with geographic loxodromes, but which are also profoundly influenced by large-scale topography. These evaluations are discussed in relation to the adaptive values of different routes in different parts of the world. Sun compass routes are favourable mainly for east-west migration at high latitudes. For east-west migration at mid and high latitudes magnetic loxodromes are more favourable than geographic loxodromes in certain regions while the reverse holds in other regions. The geometry of migration routes, as recorded by radar and satellite tracking, may be important for understanding the evolution of the complexity of birds' orientation systems, and for providing clues about the orientation mechanisms guiding the birds on their global journeys.


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