Activity levels of some oxidoreductases of carbohydrate metabolism in leukoplakic and normal human buccal epithelium

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Gerson ◽  
Sol Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Buccal Epithelium ◽  
Normal Human

The Abnormalities of the Sunghir People

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Trinkaus ◽  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
Maria B. Mednikova ◽  
Maria V. Dobrovolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Discrete Traits

Throughout the previous chapters detailing and comparing the Sunghir human remains, there have been frequent references to their abnormalities. Some of these unusual features are obvious and sufficiently pronounced as to remove the bones from direct paleobiological consideration (e.g., the Sunghir 1 pollical osteoarthrosis and the Sunghir 3 femoral diaphyses). Other features are modest and had no apparent effect on the functional anatomical interpretations (e.g., the Sunghir 1 ulnar carpometacarpal osteoarthrosis). A few aspects may modify either the considerations of the osteometric morphology (e.g., the Sunghir 1 frontal midline protrusion) or discrete traits (e.g., the Sunghir 2 dental asymmetries). Some of these features are obviously pathological and represent reflections of developmental or degenerative strains on the body (e.g., Sunghir 2 and 3 dental enamel hypoplasias (DEH), or the Sunghir 1 manual osteoarthrosis). Other aspects may not be pathological sensu stricto but they represent variations that push the limits of “normal” human variation (e.g., the Sunghir 1 femoral asymmetry and the Sunghir 3 foramina transversaria). These aspects that have been described in detail in previous chapters are referred to here, but the others, whose description has been deferred, are detailed in this chapter. A number of these abnormalities of the Sunghir human remains have been noted previously, beginning with Debetz’s (1967) initial observations on the Sunghir 1 skeleton, the initial description of the Sunghir 2 and 3 remains (Nikityuk and Kharitonov 1984), and Bukhman’s (1984) radiographic analysis of the Sunghir 3 remains. These and further observations and interpretations were made in the context of the 1990s’ reanalysis of the Sunghir remains (Buzhilova 2000b, 2000c; Mednikova 2000c, 2000d). There have subsequently been additional analyses of specific aspects of these abnormalities, including differential diagnosis of the Sunghir 3 femoral deformities (Formicola and Buzhilova 2004), description of the T1 injury to Sunghir 1 discovered in 2009 (Trinkaus and Buzhilova 2012), detailed assessment of the Sunghir 2 and 3 DEH (Guatelli-Steinberg et al. 2013), and assessment of the degree to which the deformities of Sunghir 3 might have affected her activity levels (Cowgill et al. 2012b).

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Vitamin C on Carbohydrate Concentrations and Hydrolase Activity, During the Development of Honey Bee Worker Brood

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Marek Farjan ◽  
Krystyna Żółtowska ◽  
Zbigniew Lipiński ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Małgorzata Dmitryjuk
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Worker Brood

Abstract The colony collapse disorder is a growing problem world-wide. For this reason, we were prompted to search for natural and harmless agents that could improve the living conditions of honey bees. This group of agents includes exogenous antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, which boost natural immunity. We analysed the effect of vitamin C supplementation on carbohydrate metabolism in the developing honey bee worker brood. The total carbohydrate content and the concentrations of glycogen, trehalose, maltotriose, fructose, and glucose were estimated. The correlations between sugar content and the activity of the main hydrolases of carbohydrate metabolism - α-amylase, glucoamylase, trehalase, maltase, and sucrase - were determined. The addition of vitamin C to the diet of wintering bees did not impair their sugar metabolism. Vitamin C supplements exerted a positive effect by significantly increasing glycogen and trehalose concentrations in the initial phase of development and in newly emerged workers. Vitamin C did not induce significant changes in the developmental profile of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, except for the earliest stage of larval development when enzyme activity levels were below those noted in the control group.

Ultrastructural modification of cellular interactions in cancer tumor

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
N. P. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

One of the most characteristic features of cancer cells is their ability to metastasia. It is suggested that the modifications of the structure and properties of cancer cells surfaces play the main role in this process. The present work was aimed at finding out what ultrastructural features apear in tumor in vivo which removal of individual cancer cells from the cell population can provide. For this purpose the cellular interactions in the normal human thyroid and cancer tumor of this gland electron microscopic were studied. The tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Araldite-Epon.In normal human thyroid the most common type of intercellular contacts was represented by simple junction formed by the parallelalignment of adjacent cell membranees leaving in between an intermembranes space 15-20 nm filled with electronlucid material (Fig. 1a). Sometimes in the basal part of cells dilatations of the intercellular space 40-50 nm wide were found (Fig. 1a). Here the cell surfaces may form single short microvilli.

Scanning Microscopy of Human Intestinal Explants in Organ Culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Bruce Wetzel ◽  
Robert Buscho ◽  
Raphael Dolin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Growth Of A Variety ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Fetal Intestine ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has been reported that explants of human fetal intestine can be maintained in culture for up to 21 days in a viable condition and that these organ cultures support the growth of a variety of known viral agents responsible for enteric disease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been undertaken on several series of these explants to determine their appearance under routine culture conditions.Fresh specimens of jejunum obtained from normal human fetuses were washed, dissected into l-4mm pieces, and cultured in modified Leibowitz L-15 medium at 34° C as previously described. Serial specimens were fixed each day in 3% glutaraldehyde for 90 minutes at room temperature, rinsed, dehydrated, and dried by the CO2 critical point method in a Denton DCP-1 device. Specimens were attached to aluminum stubs with 3M transfer tape No. 465, and one sample on each stub was carefully rolled along the adhesive such that villi were broken off to expose their interiors.

Human Stapes Crura: Normal Ultrastructure. Scanning Electron Microscopic Findings

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
M.D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Microscopic Findings ◽  
Scanning Electron

The recent development of the scanning electron microscope has added great impetus to the study of ultrastructural details of normal human ossicles. A thorough description of the ultrastructure of the human ossicles is required in order to determine changes associated with disease processes following medical or surgical treatment.Human stapes crura were obtained at the time of surgery for clinical otosclerosis and from human cadaver material. The specimens to be examined by the scanning electron microscope were fixed immediately in the operating room in a cold phosphate buffered 2% gluteraldehyde solution, washed with Ringers, post fixed in cold 1% osmic acid and dehydrated in graded alcohol. Specimens were transferred from alcohol to a series of increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol and amyl acetate. The tissue was then critical point dried, secured to aluminum stubs and coated with gold, approximately 150A thick on a rotating stage in a vacuum evaporator. The specimens were then studied with the Kent-Cambridge S4-10 Scanning Electron Microscope at an accelerating voltage of 20KV.

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