Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Food consumption and nutrient intakes

The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has witnessed significant social and economic changes that may have influenced the diet of children and adolescents, and increased the risk for obesity and malnutrition in this age group. This review aims to characterize and assess food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes amongst school-aged children (5–10 years) and adolescents (10–19 years) in countries of the EMR. Electronic databases (MedLine, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles published between 2005 and 2020; international organizations and governmental websites were also searched. Available studies documented low intakes of fruits, vegetables and fiber, inadequate consumption of water, milk and dairy products, coupled with high intakes of fat, saturated fat, and sugar sweetened beverages, as well as a frequent consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor foods such as sweet and savory snacks. Micronutrient inadequacies were also observed, particularly for calcium, iron, zinc and vitamins A, D, C, and folate. Acknowledging the impact that nutrition may have on building societies and transforming the lives of children, adolescents and their families, there is a crucial need for a food system approach in developing and implementing national and regional policies and interventions aimed at improving the diet of children and adolescents.

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Changes in food and nutrient intake of 6- to 17-year-old Germans between the 1980s and 2006

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009004844 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1912-1923 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Anna Stahl ◽

Claudia Vohmann ◽

Almut Richter ◽

Helmut Heseker ◽

Gert BM Mensink

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Meat Products ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

German Children ◽

Diet Intake ◽

Lower Energy Density

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits.DesignTwo cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985–8 and the nutrition module ‘EsKiMo’ of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) from 2006, were analysed for differences in food and nutrient intakes stratified by age and sex groups.SettingSecondary analyses of data from representative observational studies.SubjectsChildren and adolescents aged 6–17 years living in Germany in the 1980s (n 2265) and in 2006 (n 2506).ResultsFood consumption was characterised by higher amounts of vegetables/pulses, fruits/nuts and beverages and less meat products/sausages, butter, fats/oils, potatoes/potato products and bread/pastries in 2006 than in 1985–8. The overall changes in food intake were reflected in improvements of macronutrient composition, increased water intake and lower energy density of the diet. Intake of most vitamins and minerals increased in relation to energy intake, but the nutrient density of the diet for vitamins B12 and D decreased. The most critical nutrients observed in NVS and EsKiMo were folate, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, Ca and Fe. In addition, dietary fibre intake was relatively low and fatty acid and carbohydrate compositions were not favourable.ConclusionsFurther efforts will be necessary to improve dietary habits among children and adolescents.

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Nutritional factors associated with femoral neck bone mineral density in children and adolescents

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-019-2901-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guo-Hau Gou ◽

Feng-Jen Tseng ◽

Sheng-Hao Wang ◽

Pao-Ju Chen ◽

Jia-Fwu Shyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Age Group ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Daily Total

Abstract Background Nutritional factors including vitamin D, magnesium, and fat are known to affect bone mineral accrual. This study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary nutrient intakes (both macronutrients and micronutrients) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents. Methods Data for this cross-sectional, population-based study were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged from 8 to 19 years were included. The primary outcome was femoral neck BMD. Results Multivariate analyses revealed that for participants aged 8 to 11, daily sodium intake was significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD (B = 0.9 × 10− 5, p = 0.031); in particular, subgroup analyses by sex found that in male participants aged 8–11, daily total cholesterol intake (B = 5.3 × 10− 5, p = 0.030) and calcium intake (B = − 2.0 × 10− 5, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with femoral neck BMD in a positive and negative manner, respectively, but neither were observed in female participants of this age group. In contrast, daily intakes of vitamin D and magnesium were significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD in female participants aged 8–11 (B = 246.8 × 10− 5 and 16.3 × 10− 5, p = 0.017 and 0.033, respectively). For participants aged 16 to 19, daily total fat intake was significantly and negatively associated with femoral neck BMD (B = − 58 × 10− 5, p = 0.048); further stratification by sex found that magnesium and sodium intakes were significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD only in females of this age group (B = 26.9 × 10− 5 and 2.1 × 10− 5, respectively; both p < 0.05). However, no significant associations between daily nutrient intakes and femoral neck BMD were identified in participants aged 12–15 before or after subgroup stratification. Conclusion The study found that associations of specific nutrition-related variables with BMD of the femoral neck is dependent upon age and gender.

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Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002190 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (8) ◽

pp. 1373-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Susan I. Barr ◽

Loretta DiFrancesco ◽

Victor L. Fulgoni

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Food Sources ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breakfast Consumption ◽

Nutrient Adequacy ◽

The Impact

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.

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Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016002895 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 870-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peggy Drouillet-Pinard ◽

Carine Dubuisson ◽

Isabelle Bordes ◽

Irène Margaritis ◽

Sandrine Lioret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Food Groups ◽

Food Record ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjectiveThe present research aimed to study the multidimensionality of the link between dietary intake and socio-economic position (SEP) in a representative sample of French children and adolescents, using a variety of SEP indicators.DesignData from the second French national food consumption survey (INCA2) were used. Information on food consumption was collected using a 7d food record and SEP data (occupation, education, income, household wealth indices) using questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed separately in children and adolescents to assess the relationships between dietary components (food groups and macronutrients) and each dimension of SEP.SettingThe INCA2 survey, France.SubjectsA representative sample of French children (3–10 years of age; n 574) and adolescents (11–17 years of age; n 881).ResultsCompared with children from a higher SEP, those from a lower SEP had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and confectionery and higher intakes of starchy foods, meat, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and pizzas/sandwiches. Similar results were observed in adolescents for fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and sugar-sweetened beverages. Adolescents also had lower intakes of cakes/pastries and higher intakes of processed meat and dairy desserts. Neither energy nor protein intake was associated with SEP. Adolescents from a lower SEP had higher carbohydrate and lower lipid intakes. Overall, these findings were consistent across the various dimensions of SEP, but the gradient was steeper depending on the caregiver’s educational level.ConclusionsThis research highlights the need for specific messages to help poorly educated families adopt good eating habits.

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