Efficacy of light-emitting diode versus other light sources for treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Various interventions have been applied to improve recovery from muscle fatigue based on evidence from subjective outcomes, such as perceived fatigue and soreness, which may partly contribute to conflicting results of reducing muscle fatigue. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of various intervention on reducing neuromuscular fatigue assessed by a quantitative outcome, such as electromyography (EMG). The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions and intervention timing for reducing fatigue rates during exercise.Methods: The literature was searched from the earliest record to March 2021. Eighteen studies with a total of 87 data points involving 281 participants and seven types of interventions [i.e., active recovery (AR), compression, cooling, electrical stimulation (ES), light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT), massage, and stretching] were included in this meta-analysis.Results: The results showed that compression (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI = −0.00 to 0.56; p = 0.05; I2 = 58%) and LEDT (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.88; p = 0.01; I2 = 52%) have a significant recovery effect on reducing muscle fatigue. Additionally, compression, AR, and cooling have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue when conducted during exercise, whereas a non-effective trend when applied after exercise.Discussion: This meta-analysis suggests that compression and LEDT have a significant effect on reducing muscle fatigue. The results also suggest that there is a significant effect or an effective trend on reducing muscle fatigue when compression, AR, cooling, and ES are applied during exercise, but not after exercise.

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Electrically driven single microribbon based near-infrared exciton-polariton light-emitting diode

CrystEngComm ◽

10.1039/d1ce00419k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mingming Jiang ◽

Fupeng Zhang ◽

Kai Tang ◽

Peng Wan ◽

Caixia Kan

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Light Sources ◽

Coherent Light ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Exciton Polaritons ◽

Laser Devices

Achieving electrically-driven exciton-polaritons has drawn substantial attention toward developing ultralow-threshold coherent light sources, containing polariton laser devices and high-performance light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, we demonstrate an electrically driven...

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Methods of Disinfecting Stethoscopes: Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17061856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1856 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Margherita Napolitani ◽

Daiana Bezzini ◽

Fulvio Moirano ◽

Corrado Bedogni ◽

Gabriele Messina

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Disinfection Methods ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

The Cost

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of various disinfection methods available for stethoscopes. In March 2019, we performed a search in PubMed and Scopus using the search terms: “reducing stethoscopes contamination” and “disinfection stethoscopes”; the Mesh terms used in PubMed were “Decontamination/methods” or “Disinfection/methods” and “Stethoscopes/microbiology”. Selection criteria were: English language; at least one disinfection method tested. A total of 253 publications were screened. After title, abstract, and full-text analysis, 17 papers were included in the systematic review. Ethanol at 90%, Ethanol-Based Hands Sanitizer (EBHS), triclosan, chlorhexidine, isopropyl alcohol, 66% ethyl alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride have been proven to lower the presence of bacteria on stethoscopes’ surfaces. In addition, alcohol wipes show effective results. A wearable device emitting ultraviolet C by Light-Emitting Diode (LED) resulted efficacious against common microorganisms involved in Healthcare Associated Infections. The cover impregnated with silver ions seemed to be associated with significantly higher colony counts. Instead, copper stethoscopes surface reduced bacterial load. The disinfection of stethoscopes appears to be essential. There are many valid methods available; the choice depends on various factors, such as the cost, availability, and practicality.

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Reliability of High-Power Light Emitting Diode Attached With Different Thermal Interface Materials

Journal of Electronic Packaging ◽

10.1115/1.4002299 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Xin Li ◽

Xu Chen ◽

Guo-Quan Lu

Keyword(s):

High Power ◽

Heat Dissipation ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Temperature Cycling ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Light Sources ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Die Attach ◽

Nanosilver Paste ◽

Interconnection Material

As a solid electroluminescent source, white light emitting diode (LED) has entered a practical stage and become an alternative to replace incandescent and fluorescent light sources. However, due to the increasing integration and miniaturization of LED chips, heat flux inside the chip is also increasing, which puts the packaging into the position to meet higher requirements of heat dissipation. In this study, a new interconnection material—nanosilver paste is used for the LED chip packaging to pursue a better optical performance, since high thermal conductivity of this material can help improve the efficiency of heat dissipation for the LED chip. The bonding ability of this new die-attach material is evaluated by their bonding strength. Moreover, high-power LED modules connected with nanosilver paste, Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder, and silver epoxy are aged under hygrothermal aging and temperature cycling tests. The performances of these LED modules are tested at different aging time. The results show that LED modules sintered with nanosilver paste have the best performance and stability.

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In-Use Photostability Practice and Regulatory Evaluation for Pharmaceutical Products in an Age of Light-Emitting Diode Light Sources

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 1172-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonardo R. Allain ◽

Brittany C. Pierce ◽

W. Peter Wuelfing ◽

Allen C. Templeton ◽

Roy Helmy

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Light Sources ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Regulatory Evaluation

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Manufacture and Evaluation of Light Emitting Diode Package Substrate Using Flexible Printed Circuit Board

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2015.11153 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 7578-7581

Author(s):

Jung-Kab Park ◽

Jin-Ha Shin ◽

Mun-Gi Jung ◽

Tomabechi Shigehisa ◽

Hwa-Sun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Resistance ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Thermal Conductance ◽

Polyimide Film ◽

Luminous Efficiency ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Light Sources ◽

Thermal Shock Test ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Au Electrode

Unlike other light sources such as fluorescent lamps and incandescent bulbs, light-emitting diodes (LED) convert 70∼80% of energy into heat. If the heat produced an LED chip is not effectively released, its luminous efficiency and lifespan are reduced. Therefore, as a method effectively release heat, an LED PKG substrate containing a heat-releasing material with excellent thermal conductance was fabricated, and its thermal resistance and luminous efficiency were analyzed. In this experiment, a thin polyimide film with excellent ductility was used to fabricate the LED PKG substrate. A 35-μm-thick Cu foil with excellent thermal conductance was subjected to high temperature and pressure and attached to both sides of the polyimide film. By electroplating Ag or Au, which has excellent thermal conductance, for us as the electrode and heat-releasing material, LED PKG substrate was fabricated with a thickness of approximately 170 μm. (−40 °C → RT → 120 °C). The results revealed that the LED PKG substrate having a Ag electrode with excellent thermal conductance had an excellent thermal resistance of approximately 4.2 °C/W (Au electrode: 5.6 °C/W). The luminous flux after 100 cycles in the thermal shock test was reduced by approximately 0.09% (Au electrode: 2.77%), indicating that the LED PKG substrate had excellent thermal resistance without any mechanical and material defects in a rapid-temperature-changing environment. The advantages and excellent thermal resistance can be exploited in cellular phones and LCD panels, and heat-releasing problems in thin panels be solved.

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Curcumin-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT): a systematic review / Quimioterapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (PACT) mediada por curcumina: uma revisão sistemática

Brazilian Journal of Health Review ◽

10.34119/bjhrv4n6-201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 26142-26152

Author(s):

Eduardo Cândido da Silva ◽

Ulrich Vasconcelos

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Short Wavelength Range ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Aims And Scope

Light energy is known to be used to combat microbial growth. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has the potential to use different naturally-occurring compounds, such as photosensitizers. Curcumin is an example of a molecule of interest in different areas under different optics. This systematic review surveys the aims and scope of research on curcumin-mediated PACT published between January 2011 and December 2020. The search was carried out in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Periódicos CAPES databases employing the keywords “Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy”, “photosensitizer”, “curcumin” and the descriptor “Light-Emitting Diode”. It was observed that in the last decade little material meeting these criteria was published. Brazilian institutions concentrated most of their studies on cytotoxic activity. The most recent work, however, focused on antibiofilm activity. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to curcumin-mediated PACT over a short wavelength range. Different concentrations and exposure time of the photosensitizer were evaluated, but the amount of information is still insufficient to establish the best treatment condition as the number of tested pathogens is still poor.

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