Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: Current Concepts For Preparing The Root Canal System

Introduction The main purpose of endodontic treatment is to clean the root canal system, eliminate the infected and toxic contents, and shape it in order to get a tridimensional obturation. The aim of this paper is to inform dental practitioners about crown-down techniques for root canal preparation using nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Root canal preparation Today most endodontists believe that root canal preparation is more officious, cleaning and shaping are better, if pre-enlargement of coronal two thirds is performed first, and shaping of the apical part later. Machine driven rotary instruments provide much quicker and better root canal preparation. Conclusion Contemporary endodontic rotary files vary in regard to their taper, cutting blades, guiding tip and material they are made of. The usage of rotary nickel-titanium files adds a new quality to root canal preparation.

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Shaping of the Root Canal System: A Multistep Technique

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2138 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 851-855

Author(s):

Livio Gallottini

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Clinical Protocol ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canals ◽

System A ◽

Iatrogenic Complications ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Reduced Risk

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this scientific work is to illustrate the technique of shaping the root canal system using the multistep technique. Background Over time, various endodontic instrumentation techniques have been put forward, from the “step-back” technique (apical–coronal) to the “crown-down” technique (coronal–apical), the “double-flared” technique, and the most recent “single-length” technique. Technique The multistep technique involves six steps, one of the main objectives of these being the safety of the use of mechanical instruments with a reduction in the risk that they fracture. This technique (“mixed”) provides for the use of both manual instruments in stainless steel and mechanical instruments in nickel titanium (Ni-Ti). Conclusion The multistep technique is based on a standardized, flexible, and clinical protocol, which can provide for a reduction in the number of endodontic passages and instruments used and, therefore, a simplification of the operating procedure depending on both the difficulty of the root canals and the competence of the operator. Clinical significance This technique is a technique for shaping the endodontic space that allows the set objectives of endodontic therapy to be reached in a predictable way with a reduced risk of iatrogenic complications. How to cite this article Gallottini L. Shaping of the Root Canal System: A Multistep Technique. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):851-855.

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Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1639 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilek Helvacioglu-Yigit

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Root Canal ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Canal System ◽

Modified Technique ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Mandibular First Molar ◽

Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Aim C-shaped canal system is a seldom-found root canal anatomy which displays a challenge in all stages of endodontic treatment. According to the literature, this type of canal morphology is not a common finding in the mandibular first molar teeth. Background This case report presents endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with a C-shaped canal system. Case report Root canal system was cleaned and shaped by nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments combined with selfadjusting file (SAF). Obturation was performed using warm, vertical condensation combined with the injection of warm gutta-percha. Follow-up examination 12 months later showed that the tooth was asymptomatic. The radiological findings presented no signs of periapical pathology. Clinical significance The clinician must be aware of the occurence and complexity of C-shaped canals in mandibular first molar teeth to perform a successful root canal treatment. The supplementary use of SAF after application of rotary instruments in C-shaped root canals might be a promising approach in endodontic treatment of this type of canal morphology. How to cite this article Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):77-80.

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Removal of Gutta-Percha from the Root Canals using Three Different Rotary Files

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1671972 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 01 (03) ◽

pp. 159-162

Author(s):

Harleen Gill ◽

Ajay Chhabra ◽

Varun Jindal ◽

Ankur Vats ◽

Gurkirat Grewal

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Debris Removal ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Endodontic Retreatment

AbstractIn case of failed root canal treatment endodontic retreatment of the root canal system is necessary. The aim of the present study was to compare the gutta-percha removal with Protaper retreatment files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), K3 (SybronEndo) and Hero Shapers (MicroMega, Besancon, France). Method: Thirty freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments up to file F3 andfilled with 30 # GP cones and AH plus sealer. The teeth were then stored for 1 week. The teeth were divide into 3 retreatment groups (n=10). The gutta-percha was removed using Protaper retreatment files, K3 and Hero Shapers. Teeth were then evaluated using radiographs. Results: Comparing the ratio between clean canals Protaper and K3 showed better debris removal as compared to Hero shaper. But no significance difference was found.

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Contemporary Cleaning and Shaping of the Root Canal System

Primary Dental Journal ◽

10.1308/205016816819304196 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 46-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Phillip L Tomson ◽

StÉPhane R Simon

Keyword(s):

Rotational Motion ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cyclic Fatigue ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Canal System ◽

Ultrasonic Agitation ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Endodontic Disease ◽

Made In

Prevention or treatment of apical periodontitis is aimed at disinfecting the root canal system so that the periradicular tissues are not vulnerable to attack from microbiota within the tooth. This is achieved by a process of cleaning and shaping the root canal space. The fundamental principles underlying this process have not changed in decades. In contrast, the armamentarium available to the clinician continues to evolve rapidly. The use of specially designed nickel titanium (NiTi) files to create a glidepath allows the clinician to manage tight curved canals more predictably in situations which would otherwise have proved too difficult using conventional techniques. Other files, designed to shape the canal, have been developed using metallurgic principles which permit NiTi files to be more flexible and resistant to cyclic fatigue. These newer systems also require fewer instruments to prepare a canal and some, which have adopted a reciprocating (rotational) motion, may only require one file. Progress is also being made in enhancing efficacy of irrigant activity using negative apical pressure systems, sonic and ultrasonic agitation techniques. These contemporary techniques used to clean and shape the root canal system should result in improved confidence and predictability when managing endodontic disease.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a Root Canal System by Nd:YAG Laser and Rotary Instruments

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927614000981 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1240-1245 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Samiei ◽

Seyyed Mahdi Vahid Pakdel ◽

Sahand Rikhtegaran ◽

Sahar Shakoei ◽

Delaram Ebrahimpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Canal System ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Cleaning Efficacy ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThis study evaluated the cleaning efficacy of a root canal system by Nd:YAG laser and rotary instruments. Sixty single-rooted human teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=15). In the first group the teeth were prepared with a step-back technique using conventional K-files. In the second and third groups, tooth preparation was carried out using Nd:YAG laser and rotary NiTi instruments, respectively. Teeth in the fourth group were prepared by combined laser and rotary methods. The smear layer remaining on canal walls was then assessed by scanning electron microscopy in the coronal, middle, and apical portions. The comparison of smear layer removal efficacy between groups was carried out by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The mean grades of smear layer removal in rotary-laser, rotary, laser and step-back techniques were 1.34±0.18, 2.2±0.28, 1.91±0.25, and 2.42 ±0.19, respectively. On the whole, differences between rotary-laser and rotary groups, step-back, and the three other techniques (rotary, laser, and rotary-laser) were significant at p=0.034. Based on the findings of this study, the cleaning efficacy of rotary, laser, and rotary-laser techniques were better than the step-back technique and the combined laser and rotary technique was the most efficient method.

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Deformations of the manual endodontic instruments during root canal instrumentation

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs1001021n ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Jelica Neskovic ◽

Marija Damjanov ◽

Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽

Djurica Grga ◽

Djuro Koruga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Complex Root ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Canal System ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Root Canal System ◽

The Difference ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

Root Canal Instrumentation

Introduction. Mechanical instrumentation of the complex root canal system is very demanding procedure which requires use of the various manual and rotary instruments. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and to verify the possible deformation of the working part of endodontic instruments after their multiple clinical use. Material and Methods. New sets of the manual endodontic instruments (reamers, K-files and Hedstroem) used in routine clinical use (44 instruments) and for root canal instrumentation of extracted teeth (44 instruments) were included in the study. Instrumentation was performed by Step-Back technique and constant irrigation with 0.5% NaOCl solution, 10 ml for each root canal. All the instruments were used 10 times and after use sterilized in a dry sterilizer or autoclave. The working parts of deformed instruments were analyzed using optimagnetic print. Results. The results obtained after clinical use showed deformations of the working part of the reamers in 50%, K-files in 43% and Hedstroem in 66.7% of used instruments. After instrumentation the canal of the extracted teeth, deformations were observed in 87.5% of the reamers, in 50% of the K-files and in 62.5% of Hedstroem files. The difference in frequency of the deformations was not statistically significant. On the instruments used for the preparation the canals of the extracted teeth and sterilized in autoclave, malformations were observed in 86.4%, comparing to the instruments sterilized in a dry sterilizer where malformations of the working part were registered in 59.1% of the cases. That difference was statistically significant (?2=5.250; p=0.072). Conclusion. Multiple use of the manual endodontic instruments in clinical conditions leads to increased frequency of malformations of the working part in all types of manual endodontic instruments.

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Micro-computed Tomographic Comparison of Nickel-Titanium Rotary versus Traditional Instruments in C-Shaped Root Canal System

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1016/j.joen.2010.01.003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 708-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Xingzhe Yin ◽

Gary Shun-pan Cheung ◽

Chengfei Zhang ◽

Yoshiko Murakami Masuda ◽

Yuichi Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Canal System ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Root Canal System

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Micro-tomographic characterization of the root and canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80046-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho ◽

Luis González-Osuna ◽

Daniela Poblete ◽

Emilio A. Cafferata ◽

Paola Carvajal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Multiple Root ◽

Root Anatomy ◽

Type I ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canals ◽

Wide Range ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Chilean Population

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the root anatomy and root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population. 186 teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography and reconstructed three-dimensionally. The root canal system morphology was classified using both Vertucci’s and Ahmed’s criteria. The radicular grooves were categorized using the ASUDAS system, and the presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was associated with Ahmed’s score. A single root canal was identified in 65.05% of teeth, being configuration type I according to Vertucci’s criteria and code 1MP1 according to Ahmed’s criteria. Radicular grooves were observed in 39.25% of teeth. The ASUDAS scores for radicular grooves were 60.75%, 13.98%, 12.36%, 10.22%, 2.15%, and 0.54%, from grade 0 to grade 5, respectively. The presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was identified only in teeth with multiple root canals, and it was more frequently associated with code 1MP1–2 of Ahmed’s criteria. The root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars showed a wide range of anatomical variations in the Chilean population. Teeth with multiple root canals had a higher incidence of radicular grooves, which were closely related to more complex internal anatomy. Only teeth with multiple root canals presented Tomes’ anomalous root.

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Analysis of the Morpho-Geometrical Changes of the Root Canal System Produced by TF Adaptive vs. BioRace: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14030531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 531

Author(s):

Loai Alsofi ◽

Muhannad Al Harbi ◽

Martin Stauber ◽

Khaled Balto

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Root Canal ◽

Type I ◽

Structure Model ◽

Canal Surface ◽

Canal System ◽

Structure Model Index ◽

Continuous Rotation ◽

Before And After ◽

Root Canal System

We aimed to analyze the morpho-geometric changes of the root canal system created by two rotary systems (TF Adaptive and BioRace) using micro-CT technology. Two concepts of rotary file system kinematics, continuous rotation and adaptive kinematics, were used in root canal preparation. Twenty mandibular molars (n = 20) were selected with the following criteria: the teeth have mesial roots with a single and continuous isthmus connecting the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals (Vertucci’s Type I configuration) and distal roots with independent canals. Teeth were scanned at a resolution of 14 μm. Canals were divided equally into two groups and then enlarged sequentially using the BioRace system and TF Adaptive system according to manufacturer protocol. Co-registered images, before and after preparation, were evaluated for morphometric measurements of canal surface area, volume, structure model index, thickness, straightening, and un-instrumented surface area. Before and after preparation, data were statistically analyzed using a paired sample t-test. After preparation, data were analyzed using an unpaired sample test. The preparation by both systems significantly changed canal surface area, volume, structure model index, and thickness in both systems. There were no significant differences between instrument types with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). TF Adaptive was associated with less straightening (8% compared with 17% for BioRace in the mesial canal, p > 0.05). Both instrumentation systems produced canal preparations with adequate geometrical changes. BioRace straightened the mesial canals more than TF Adaptive.

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