Definition of a normative basis for peripapillary nerve fibers thickness in childhood with sd-oct

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
G FACON ◽  
S DEFOORT-DHELLEMMES ◽  
P LABALETTE ◽  
JF ROULAND
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sd Oct

scholarly journals Struggles over Expertise

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Taina Meriluoto
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Definition Of

There is growing concern among democracy scholars that participatory innovations pose a depoliticizing threat to democracy. This article tackles this concern by providing a more nuanced understanding of how politicization and depoliticization take shape in participatory initiatives. Based on ethnographic research on participatory projects with marginalized people who are invited to act as experiential experts, the article examines how actors limit and open up possibilities to participate. By focusing on struggles concerning the definition of expertise, the article identifies a threefold character of politicization as a practice within participatory innovations. It involves (1) illuminating the boundaries that define the actors’ possibilities; (2) making a connection between these boundaries and specific value bases; and (3) imagining an alternative normative basis for participation.

Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex and Related Tests

2016 ◽  
pp. 628-634
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Axon Reflex ◽  
Sudomotor Function ◽  
Distal Nerve ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Small Nerve

Small distal nerve fibers are often selectively involved in some patients with axonal neuropathies (distal small-fiber neuropathy). One method of testing the integrity of these small nerve fibers is to study the postganglionic sympathetic sudomotor “C” fiber function. The application of noninvasive, sensitive, quantitative, and dynamic tests of sudomotor function significantly enhances the ability to quantitate one aspect of the autonomic deficit. The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) has an important role in clinical applications to better definition of the course of neuropathy, its response to treatment, and further exploration of sudomotor physiology. Simpler methods are available as screening tests. This chapter reviews the use of methods to measure sudomotor fiber function.

scholarly journals A novel way of Subfoveal Perfluorocarbon liquid Removal using 26 gauge spinal anesthesia needle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Abhishek Anand ◽  
Lalit Agarwal ◽  
Nisha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Liquid Removal ◽  
Sd Oct

Introduction: Perfluorocarbon (PFCL) is an essential adjunct of retinal detachment surgery. Subfoveal migration of PFCL is a rare and vision threatening complication of its use. Various techniques have been described for its removal. However, no consensual technique of its removal has been established. We present a nova, relatively atraumatic and cost effective way of PFCL removal using a widely available 26G spinal anesthesia needle. Case: An 18 years old myopic patient who had undergone left eye pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for myopic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detatchment (RRD) in the past presented after 1 month with retained subfoveal PFCL. Its subretinal location was confirmed by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). He was taken up for early Silicone Oil Removal (SOR) along with removal of retained subfoveal PFCL under high magnification by using a surgical disposable contact macula lens. A 26G spinal anesthesia needle tip was used to dissect a small separation parallel to the nerve fibers at the temporal edge of tense cystic PFCL bleb. Silicone tipped flute cannula was used to passively aspirate the sub retinal PFCL under fluid with no additional intervention. No barrage LASER was done. Observation: Anatomical restoration of the retina was noted both intraoperatively and post-operatively. SD-OCT showed complete restoration of anatomical layers with no presence of intraretinal cystic cleft both at day 1 and 30 days postoperatively. Conclusion: Safe removal of subfoveal PFCL can be done with 26G spinal anesthesia needle which is atraumatic, inexpensive and readily available. However, long term validity of this process needs to be established in a case series.

scholarly journals HEALTHCARE REFORM IN BULGARIA - NEED OF STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Galya Nikolaeva Tsvetanova-Kraeva
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Reform ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Strategic Assessment ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

Health reform is a specific research object that is characterized by internal dynamics, depending on a number of external factors and effects on the health of the population. It is a versatile process and develops in a complex environment. Here we start from the understanding that improving the healthcare system needs different changes. The healthcare system‘s reform must not ignore the national specificities of the country concerned but should be done through the necessary variety of measures: purposefulness, lasting and long-term structural changes that cover the national, regional and local levels of the change. It must be acceptable both to the needs of citizens and professionals. Each organization has a definite and regular cycle of development. There are certain defects in it. These defects are always the expression of a particular process, which in most cases lead to crises in the organization. It may be due to factors in the external environment, but necessarily develops within the organization‘s internal environment. This brief commentary shows that the reform is organically inherent in any organization. It aims to protect the organization and to guarantee the fulfillment of its mission and its own development for a certain period. It is precisely the inevitability and necessity of reforms that I consider to be a mandatory addition to the definition of healthcare reform. We can summarize that healthcare reform is a process in which changes in health policy and normative basis are made simultaneously or consistently. They affect the economic relations, the institutions and the organizational and structural structure of the health system, in which it goes into a qualitatively new state. This process is inherent in each healthcare system during its development, as the aim is to increase its efficiency for citizens and society as a whole. In the various publications, as the beginning of the healthcare reform different years in the last decade of the last century have been indicated. The new healthcare legislation started in 1998-1999, but there are also opinions that the beginning of the reform dates back to 1989. Implementation of the reform is inconceivable without the adequate use of modern management approaches and methods without a new management style at all levels of the healthcare system. Here, a serious analysis of the health status of the population and the risk factors are made as well as the activity of the healthcare system. Implementation of the reform is inconceivable without the adequate use of modern management.

scholarly journals Fundus Autofluorescence in Lamellar Macular Holes and Pseudoholes: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Bottoni
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Outer Retina ◽  
Small Loss ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sd Oct

Macular pseudoholes (MPHs) and lamellar macular holes (LMHs) have been recently defined according to spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) criteria. A major feature for differentiating an MPH from an LMH remains the loss of foveal tissue. The anatomy of the foveola is peculiar with the macular pigment (MP) embedded in a very thin layer of tissue underlying the internal limiting membrane and mainly constituted of a specialized group of Müller cells and Henle’s fibers. Despite the near microscopic resolution (≈5–7 μm) and the capability to visualize the outer retina in detail, SD-OCT may fail to ascertain whether a very small loss of this foveolar tissue has occurred. Blue-fundus autofluorescence (B-FAF) imaging is useful in this respect because even very small loss of MP can be identified, suggesting a corresponding localized loss of the innermost layers of the foveola. A definition of MP loss would help differentiating an LMH from an MPH where B-FAF imaging will be negative.

scholarly journals The Concept of Complicity in Corruption and Responsibility for It

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Vladimir Burlakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

When the concepts «bribery» and «corruption» are used interchangeably it blurs, voluntarily or involuntarily, the borders between these related phenomena. Corruption is a consequence of bribery, but it also has its own distinctive features. The legal definition of corruption, found in the federal law of the Russian Federation, does not include essential qualities of this phenomenon. As a consequence, the Criminal Code norms prescribing liability for bribery still remain the normative basis of liability for corruption. Thus, these two phenomena are counteracted by the same measures of criminological and criminal law prevention, and, as a consequence, such measures lose their relevance and effectiveness, at least against one of the described offences. It is necessary to determine the essential feature of corruption in order to align its public danger with liability measures aimed at fighting it. This essential feature is the self-interested abuse of authority by an official with the purpose of aiding and abetting other persons in committing crimes. On the basis of such an understanding, the author concludes that it is necessary to criminalize corruption. It is suggested that the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented by an Article «Complicity in Corruption». Complicity in corruption is a complex crime that encompasses the situations when officials take bribes for using their authority to assist another person of persons in committing a crime. The proposed Article should determine liability for two types of complicity in corruption that differ in their degree of public danger: aiding and abetting corruption, when an official receives bribes and uses his authority to provide assistance to another person or people in committing a crime, and corrupt collusion, when an official receives bribes and uses his authority to provide assistance to an organized group or a criminal community in committing crimes on a permanent basis. The author analyzes the advantages of this Article in comparison with the Articles used today for qualifying corruption and shows the difference between the crime of complicity in corruption and similar crimes, specifically, those included in Part 3 of Art. 210 («Participation in a Criminal Community»).

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NEUROTUBULAR APPARATUS OF THE MYELIN FIBERS OF DENTAL PULP IN CHILDREN BORN AND LIVING IN PLACES WITH HIGH ECOLOGICAL AND TECHNOGENIC LOAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
O.L. Polyakova ◽  
N.N. Chuchkova ◽  
V.M. Chuchkov ◽  
V.N. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Neurovascular Bundle ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Large Motor ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the study is a quantitative analysis of myelin nanotubular apparatus of the conductors included in the neurovascular bundle of the tooth pulp in children born and living in places with high ecological and technogenic load. The object of the study was the neurovascular bundle of the tooth (№ 540), removed for medical reasons, in children aged 5 to 14 years (the period of eruption of permanent teeth), living in conditionally favorable areas of Udmurtia and in places with high ecological and technogenic load. Areas with high ecological and technogenic load were considered to be places near the machine-building plant, poultry farms, large motor transport enterprises and highways, etc. (Izhevsk); location of the largest oil depot in the Republic, asphalt and chemical plants of the Kama region of the Republic (Kambarka); the territory of woodworking, furniture factories, woodworking factory “Red Star” (Mozhga); forestry industry (Uva). The influence of living conditions on the composition and ultrastructural provision of the myelin nerve fibers of the tooth pulp is shown: the number of microtubules (regardless of the fiber diameter) and neurophilaments (for conductors of large and small diameters) in the conditions of ecological and technogenic load is reduced. It is noted that differences in living conditions (places with ecological and technogenic load) do not affect the ultrastructural provision of myelin conductors at the time of eruption of permanent teeth (5 years), but quantitative changes progress over time, starting from the period of second childhood (8-12 years) reaching maximum values by the age of 14. The age of 11 years is a critical period with regard to the definition of the neurotubular apparatus of myelin nerves in children living in places with unfavorable ecological and technogenic load.

Development of a Device-Assisted Nerve-Regeneration Procedure in Disruptive Lesions of the Brachial Plexus

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Maria Manunta ◽  
Yong Mao ◽  
Gerolamo Masala ◽  
Giovanni Careddu ◽  
Francesca Cubeddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Regeneration Procedure ◽  
Definition Of

Background We describe the development of a new surgical procedure to be used in the treatment of disruptive brachial plexus (BP) lesions. It is centered on an artificial device designed to assist nerve regeneration by providing a confined and protected environment. Nerve fibers can repair inside the device, while the adverse massive scar-tissue formation is limited to the outside of the device. Methods Steps in the development of the procedure were (1) definition of the rationale, (2) design of the device, (3) choice of an in vivo translational model, (4)refinement of the surgical procedure, and (5) performance of an in vivo pilot study as a proof of concept. An interdisciplinary team from several laboratories was involved in this work over a period of 6 years. Results Results showed the absence of significant scar tissue in the regenerate and the presence of myelinated fibers aligned proximodistally between the stumps. This surgical approach can be seen not only as a definitive treatment but also as an early examination and stabilization before some different surgery will be later performed. It may also be used as additional protection for traditional surgery like end-to-end coaptation. Conclusions We conclude that the availability of a suitable device-assisted early treatment, even if not to be considered definitive, could help in addressing the BP lesions at an earlier stage and this may improve the final outcome. Our evidence justifies further experimentation on this approach.

Reification and the Duty to Work Through the Past: On Critical Theory and Temporality

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-138
Author(s):  
Mathijs Peters
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Through ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article focuses on the role that the notion of temporality can and should play in the tradition of Critical Theory. Following an overview of the critical analyses of time found in the works of Marx, Lukács, Weber, Adorno, Fromm, and Marcuse, the article analyzes Hartmut Rosa’s critique of social acceleration and argues that this critique lacks a firm normative basis. This basis is required, however, for one to claim why certain processes of social acceleration are wrong. It is shown that Rosa’s analyses of acceleration contain two suggestions for such a basis: autonomy understood as a narrative identity, and autonomy as defended by Honneth’s theory of recognition. After an exploration of both suggestions, in which the ideas of MacIntyre and Ricoeur are briefly discussed as well, it is argued that a combination of both may result in a specific, normative understanding of reification, which is defended against Honneth’s definition of this concept. Based on an interpretation of passages in Horkheimer and Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment and Adorno’s notion of “working through the past,” the article claims that reification should be understood as a forgetting of the narratives that have shaped the self and the social structures under which this self is formed, and therefore as the inability to recognize the temporal dimensions of the autonomous self.

The law is just the law: analysing the definition of corruption in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper Simbarashe Maguchu
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Law System ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Overview

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the shortfalls of the legal definition of corruption in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach Defining corruption is a universal challenge. Thus, in reviewing Zimbabwes definition, this paper also draws on other common law system jurisdictions based on English traditions and Sharia law to make a comparative analysis. The paper also takes a multi-disciplinary approach that transcend fields of law and anthropology. Findings Although criminal law can be used as the normative basis in the fight against corruption, it can also be used by the powerful to shield themselves from corruption, through its indeterminacy and interpretation. Be this as it may, real and firm law can assist in curbing the vice. Research limitations/implications The paper’s purview is limited both in terms of subject and scope. Although it starts by considering the definition of corruption to get a broad overview of this subject, it mainly focuses on the meaning of two popular concepts that are popularly identified with our understanding of corruption – abuse of power and public office. Originality/value The paper tries to establish a framework for understanding and curbing corruption through the use of statutory law.

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