The role of dietary polyphenols in inflammatory bowel disease: A possible clue on the molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention of immune and inflammatory reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Arya ◽  
S. K. Kanthlal ◽  
Geevarghese Linda
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Emerging roles of the Hedgehog signalling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Xie ◽  
Mudan Zhang ◽  
Gaoshi Zhou ◽  
Lihui Lin ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Effective Drugs

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays a critical role in the growth and patterning during embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Emerging data indicate that Hh signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current therapeutic treatments for IBD require optimisation, and novel effective drugs are warranted. Targeting the Hh signalling pathway may pave the way for successful IBD treatment. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms underlying the Hh signalling pathway and its role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Then, we present interactions between the Hh signalling and other pathways involved in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), such as the Wnt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Furthermore, we summarise the latest research on Hh signalling associated with the occurrence and progression of IBD and CAC. Finally, we discuss the future directions for research on the role of Hh signalling in IBD pathogenesis and provide viewpoints on novel treatment options for IBD by targeting Hh signalling. An in-depth understanding of the complex role of Hh signalling in IBD pathogenesis will contribute to the development of new effective therapies for IBD patients.

Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lovisa ◽  
Giannicola Genovese ◽  
Silvio Danese
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Intestinal fibrosis is an inevitable complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], occurring in its two major clinical manifestations: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Fibrosis represents the final outcome of the host reaction to persistent inflammation, which triggers a prolonged wound healing response resulting in the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, eventually leading to intestinal dysfunction. The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [EMT] represents an embryonic program relaunched during wound healing, fibrosis and cancer. Here we discuss the initial observations and the most recent findings highlighting the role of EMT in IBD-associated intestinal fibrosis and fistulae formation. In addition, we briefly review knowledge on the cognate process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition [EndMT]. Understanding EMT functionality and the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of this mesenchymal programme will permit designing new therapeutic strategies to halt the fibrogenic response in the intestine.

The Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farzaei ◽  
Roja Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Current, New and Future Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2668-2675
Author(s):  
Niloufar Alimohammadi ◽  
Farzad Koosha ◽  
Mahmoud Rafeian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic relapsing conditions resulting from immune system activity in a genetically predisposed individual. IBD is based on progressive damage to the inflamed gut tissue. As its pathogenesis remains unknown, recent accumulating data have demonstrated that IBD is a complex and multi-factorial disorder correlated with host luminal factors, which lead to an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. The growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for IBD has suggested a wide range of potential therapeutic targets to treat this condition. Some patients do not have a satisfactory response to current therapeutic medications such as antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, or their response decreases over time. As a result, IBD therapeutics have been changed recently, with several new agents being evaluated. The identification of various inflammatory cascades has led to forming the idea to have novel medications developed. Medications targeting Janus kinases (JAK), leukocyte trafficking Interleukin (IL) 12/23, and Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) are among these newly developed medications and highlight the role of microbial-host interaction in inflammation as a safe promising strategy. This systematic review aims to summarize different molecular targeting therapeutics, the most potent candidates for IBD treatment in recent studies.

scholarly journals P755 Congenital chloride diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease: an emerging association

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S603-S603
Author(s):  
L Norsa ◽  
R Berni Canani ◽  
R Duclaux- Loras ◽  
E Bequet ◽  
J Koeglmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Colonic Inflammation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by the mutation in member 3 of the solute carrier 26 (SLC26A3). The phenotypic expression is a life-long severe watery Chloride rich diarrhea. Anecdotal association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported suggesting that underlying molecular mechanisms could represent part of an evolving association between IBD and channelopathies. We aimed to investigate this association in a cohort of CLD pediatric patients. Methods A European-based call for cases was made in CLD patients followed up in five different countries. A case report form for each patient was then completed. Results A total of 74 patients with CLD with a range of different CLD mutations were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients of 64 (16%) demonstrated colonic inflammation and were finally diagnosed with IBD: 8 patients with Crohn’s Disease, 2 with Ulcerative Colitis, and 2 IBD-like colitis (IBD-U). The diagnosis was made at a median of 12 years old (IQR: 6–30). Patients had different ethnicities (7 European, 2 Middle East, 1 North Africa, 1 Pakistan, 1 Central Africa). Among the 12 IBD, 2 had a 5-ASA-based treatment, 3 required immunosuppressant and 6 had biologics (Infliximab, Adalimumab and Vedolizumab). Three patients underwent surgery for ileostomy formation for CD that was non-responsive to multiple line of biologics (anti-TNF and anti-integrin): one had colectomy the remnant two colon preservation. Clinical characteristics, such as premature delivery, low weight at birth, fecal Cl- at diagnosis and amount of Cl- supplementation (mmol/kg) did not differ between patients with or without IBD. All patients underwent genotyping for CLD diagnosis and we did not find any specific genetic mutation linked to the development of IBD. Conclusion Sixteen percent of patients enrolled with CLD in our cohort developed IBD. Despite different presentations (CD, UC, IBD-U) all patients had colonic without ileal/small bowel involvement, in line with preliminary murine models of CLD demonstrating a role of colonic mucous layer in the development of colonic inflammation (Xiao et al Acta Physiol Oxf Engl 2014; 211:161–175). Patients’ IBD treatment included a wide range with variable success. Patients with IBD did not differ in their clinical characteristics or genetic mutations compared with non-IBD CLD patients. The role of genetic variants outside the CLD-gene and the microbiome in this association are under investigation.

scholarly journals Roles of Gut Bacteriophages in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Qv ◽  
Sunbing Mao ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Lanjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Main Factors

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammatory disorders. Although the molecular mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of IBD are not completely clear, the main factors are presumed to be a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, host immune response and environmental exposure, especially the intestinal microbiome. Currently, most studies have focused on the role of gut bacteria in the onset and development of IBD, whereas little attention has been paid to the enteroviruses. Among of them, viruses that infect prokaryotes, called bacteriophages (phages) occupy the majority (90%) in population. Moreover, several recent studies have reported the capability of regulating the bacterial population in the gut, and the direct and indirect influence on host immune response. The present review highlights the roles of gut phages in IBD pathogenesis and explores the potentiality of phages as a therapeutic target for IBD treatment.

The role of osteopontin (OPN/SSP1) gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Glas ◽  
J Seiderer ◽  
HP Török ◽  
B Göke ◽  
T Ochsenkühn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (18) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Banai
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and probably multifactorial. Nutrition has been proposed to be an important aetiological factor for development of IBD. Several components of the diet (such as sugar, fat, fibre, fruit and vegetable, protein, fast food, preservatives etc.) were examined as possible causative agents for IBD. According to some researchers infant feeding (breast feeding) may also contribute to the development of IBD. Though the importance of environmental factors is evidenced by the increasing incidence in developed countries and in migrant population in recent decades, the aetiology of IBD remained unclear. There are many theories, but as yet no dietary approaches have been proved to reduce the risk of developing IBD. The role of nutrition in the management of IBD is better understood. The prevention and correction of malnutrition, the provision of macro- and micronutrients and vitamins and the promotion of optimal growth and development of children are key points of nutritional therapy. In active disease, the effective support of energy and nutrients is a very important part of the therapy. Natural and artificial nutrition or the combination of two can be choosen for supporting therapy of IBD. The author summarises the aetiological and therapeutic role of nutrition in IBD.

Possible Molecular Mechanisms by which Vitamin D Prevents Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijian Luan ◽  
Yiming Ma ◽  
Yu Xin ◽  
Jiaming Qian ◽  
Hongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Role of Rifaximin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lia Scribano
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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