The Missing Inflation Puzzle: The Role of the Wage‐Price Pass‐Through

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEBASTIAN HEISE ◽  
FATIH KARAHAN ◽  
AYŞEGÜL ŞAHIN
Keyword(s):  
Pass Through

The influence of discourse context on children's provision of auxiliary BE

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA L. THEAKSTON ◽  
ELENA V. M. LIEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
Single Child ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Children's Speech

ABSTRACTChildren pass through a stage in development when they produce utterances that contain auxiliary BE (he's playing) and utterances where auxiliary BE is omitted (he playing). One explanation that has been put forward to explain this phenomenon is the presence of questions in the input that model S-V word order (Theakston, Lieven & Tomasello, 2003). The current paper reports two studies that investigate the role of the input in children's use and non-use of auxiliary BE in declaratives. In Study 1, 96 children aged from 2 ; 5 to 2 ; 10 were exposed to known and novel verbs modelled in questions only or declaratives only. In Study 2, naturalistic data from a dense database from a single child between the ages of 2 ; 8 to 3 ; 2 were examined to investigate the influence of (1) declaratives and questions in the input in prior discourse, and (2) the child's immediately previous use of declaratives where auxiliary BE was produced or omitted, on his subsequent use or non-use of auxiliary BE. The results show that in both the experimental and naturalistic contexts, the presence of questions in the input resulted in lower levels of auxiliary provision in the children's speech than in utterances following declaratives in the input. In addition, the children's prior use or non-use of auxiliary BE influenced subsequent use. The findings are discussed in the context of usage-based theories of language acquisition and the role of the language children hear in their developing linguistic representations.

Leukocyte kinetics in the human lung: role of exercise and catecholamines

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Muir ◽  
M. Cruz ◽  
B. A. Martin ◽  
H. Thommasen ◽  
A. Belzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Pass Through

In six normal supine subjects epinephrine infusion produced a greater leukocytosis with smaller changes in heart rate and blood pressure than did norepinephrine or isoproterenol. Upright exercise in those subjects produced a greater leukocytosis than supine exercise at the same work load. To determine the lung's participation in these events, indium-labeled neutrophils (PMN) were given to four of the subjects. We found that 20–25% were retained in the first pass through the lung when compared with technetium-labeled erythrocytes. The number of labeled PMN in the lung gradually decreased and the number in the spleen and the liver increased. Exercise and catecholamine infusion caused an acceleration in the release of labeled cells from the lung, an increase in both labeled and unlabeled cells in the peripheral blood, and an increase in the number of labeled cells in the liver and spleen. This suggests that increased perfusion of low-flow areas in the lung may contribute to the increased leukocytosis seen in association with both exercise and catecholamine infusion.

scholarly journals Intra-Abdominal Lipopolysaccharide Clearance and Inactivation in Peritonitis: Key Roles for Lipoproteins and the Phospholipid Transfer Protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Nguyen ◽  
Gaëtan Pallot ◽  
Antoine Jalil ◽  
Annabelle Tavernier ◽  
Aloïs Dusuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Phospholipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Phospholipid Transfer ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Lps Binding

IntroductionDuring peritonitis, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) cross the peritoneum and pass through the liver before reaching the central compartment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of lipoproteins and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) in the early stages of LPS detoxification.Material and MethodsPeritonitis was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS in mice. We analyzed peritoneal fluid, portal and central blood. Lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation and fast protein liquid chromatography. LPS concentration and activity were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and limulus amoebocyte lysate. Wild-type mice were compared to mice knocked out for PLTP.ResultsIn mice expressing PLTP, LPS was able to bind to HDL in the peritoneal compartment, and this was maintained in plasma from portal and central blood. A hepatic first-pass effect of HDL-bound LPS was observed in wild-type mice. LPS binding to HDL resulted in an early arrival of inactive LPS in the central blood of wild-type mice.ConclusionPLTP promotes LPS peritoneal clearance and neutralization in a model of peritonitis. This mechanism involves the early binding of LPS to lipoproteins inside the peritoneal cavity, which promotes LPS translocation through the peritoneum and its uptake by the liver.

scholarly journals The Role of Haptoglobin in the Clearance and Distribution of Extracorpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT K. MURRAY ◽  
GEORGE E. CONNELL ◽  
JAMES H. PERT
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Renal Glomerulus ◽  
Free Hemoglobin ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract Free hemoglobin is cleared from the plasma of the rabbit significantly faster than the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. This difference can be partly attributed to the fact that free hemoglobin passes readily through the renal glomerulus whereas the complex is too large to pass through. The liver is the principal organ of hemoglobin-haptoglobin catabolism. In the nephrectomized rabbit hemoglobin is cleared from the plasma significantly faster than the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex, and both molecules are catabolized in the same organs, principally the liver. The iron of both hemoglobin and the complex is rapidly recirculated to the bone marrow via transferrin.

scholarly journals Visual dynamics cues in learning complex physical interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Hasson ◽  
Paneed F. Jalili
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Stroke Survivor ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Complex Physical System ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Similar Task

Abstract This study investigated the role of visual dynamics cues (VDCs) in learning to interact with a complex physical system. Manual gait training was used as an exemplary case, as it requires therapists to control the non-trivial locomotor dynamics of patients. A virtual analog was developed that allowed naïve subjects to manipulate the leg of a virtual stroke survivor (a virtual patient; VP) walking on a treadmill using a small robotic manipulandum. The task was to make the VP’s leg pass through early, mid, and late swing gait targets. One group of subjects (n = 17) started practice seeing the VP’s affected thigh and shank (i.e., VDCs); a second control group (n = 16) only saw the point-of-contact (VP ankle). It was hypothesized that, if seeing the VP’s leg provides beneficial dynamics information, the VDC group would have better task performance and generalization than controls. Results were not supportive. Both groups had similar task performance, and for the late swing gait target, a decrement in manipulative accuracy was observed when VDCs were removed in a generalization task. This suggests that when learning to manipulate complex dynamics, VDCs can create a dependency that negatively affects generalization if the visual context is changed.

Role of specialized tourism projects based on the national fairytale symbols in patriotic education of children

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Екатерина Агамирова ◽  
Ekaterina Agamirova ◽  
Елизавета Агамирова ◽  
Elizaveta Agamirova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Local History ◽  
Emotional Connection ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Folk Hero ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
And Training

The article is devoted to specialized tourism projects, which are focused on the formation and development of patriotism in young children. In recent years, the problems of patriotic education take key place in national and regional educational and training programs. However, as it is noted in the article, not enough attention is paid to development of patriotism in young children, who are most susceptible to the effects of various forms and pass through one of the most important stages in the formation of identity. The article highlights the features and techniques of children´s patriotic development and justifies importance of emotional connection with a territory or place in formation of this feeling in children. The article also shows that the development of specialized tourism and local history projects can be an instrument of formation and promotion of images of national heroes and patriotism in general. The article describes a specialized project "Fairytale Map of Russia". The authors have revealed the potential for its use in children´s educational and training programs for the development of patriotism. The main objective of creating an image of the national folk hero is the selection and positioning of its strengths and qualities, which in most cases are the basis for the formation of the child´s personality and can be used for the development of patriotic characteristics of children. The article presents the description of Russian national fairytale heroes that may be the basis for an empirical image for the generation a sense of love of country in young children. The authors have determined that the use of submitted fairytale images allows solving a number of key tasks associated with different areas of children’s education. In the article the connection between common educational functions and the functions of patriotism is revealed; and categorization of folk images of national fairytale heroes on the basis of their impact on the development of certain common cultural and patriotic qualities is provided.

Characteristics of a novel, anaerobic, mycoplasma-like bacterium from Ace Lake, Antarctica

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Franzmann ◽  
M. Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pass Through

An obligately anaerobic bacterium that lacked a cell wall was isolated from the hypolimnion of Ace Lake, Antarctica. Cells were very pleomorphic, forming cocci, filaments up to 25 μm in length, and annular shapes. The organism was morphologically very similar to some members of the class Mollicutes which contains two genera of obligately anaerobic bacteria, Anaeroplasma and Asteroleplasma. Like members of the class, the isolate was resistant to high concentrations of penicillin (1000 Units ml-1). Similar to Anaeroplasma, the organism had a low DNA G+C content (29.3±0.4) and produced hydrogen, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, lactic acid and succinic acid from the fermentation of glucose. However, the taxonomic status of the strain remained unclear as, unlike members of the class Mollicutes, the isolate had a relatively large genome size (2.26±0.11 × 109 daltons), did not pass through 0.45 μm pore size filters, and did not form typical mycoplasma-like colonies. The organism was psychrophilic with an optimum temperature for growth between 12°C and 13°C. A phenotypic description of the organism is given and the ecological role of the organism is inferred from its phenotype and the characteristics of its Antarctic habitat.

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