Greater circadian disadvantage during evening games for the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Hockey League (NHL) and National Football League (NFL) teams travelling westward

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Roy ◽  
Geneviève Forest
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
National Hockey League

Location, Location, Location?

2012 ◽  
pp. 262-282
Author(s):  
Karl W. Einolf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Location Model ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Sports Leagues

This article explores the location of franchises in sports leagues. It specifically examines the location of franchises within the four major sports leagues in the continental United States: Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League (NHL), and the National Basketball Association (NBA). Moreover, a facility location model is used to investigate the optimal placement of sports franchises in a league and to identify the best expansion prospects for a sports league. It is shown that the p-median model's optimal solution is less likely to be the best option for an organization if its facilities are less dependent on the income available at a node on the network. It is noted that the four major sports leagues in the continental United States do not all locate franchises optimally, according to the model.

Should Antitrust Apply to Sports? 1957 and 1958

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George Surdam
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Congressional Hearings ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
Antitrust Legislation ◽  
Territorial Rights

This chapter focuses on the Congressional hearings conducted in 1957 and 1958 to address whether basketball, football, and hockey should be given a broad antitrust exemption similar to that of baseball. It first considers the introduction of different bills pertaining to professional sports and antitrust following the Supreme Court's ruling in Radovich v. NFL, with particular emphasis on antitrust legislation focusing on the National Football League (NFL), before discussing the farm systems in baseball and hockey pioneered by Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals. It also looks at the issue of the reserve clause and its effect upon competitive balance and concludes with an assessment of Congress's decision not to grant even partial antitrust exemptions for the reserve clause, draft, territorial rights, and commissioner powers in the NFL, National Basketball Association (NBA), and National Hockey League (NHL).

scholarly journals The Fractured Messaging of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Its Members in Response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Timothy Mirabito ◽  
Robin Hardin ◽  
Joshua R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Ladies Professional Golf Association

The sports world’s near universal moratorium in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was abrupt and unprecedented. From professional leagues to youth sports, doors were closed to competitions and events to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. The hiatus began at one of the busiest times on the calendar for sport, with the National Basketball Association and National Hockey League seasons concluding; the Women's National Basketball Association and National Football League drafts taking place; Major League Baseball's spring training nearing its conclusion; the Professional Golf Association and Ladies Professional Golf Association Tours starting their seasons; and the National Collegiate Athletic Association's marquee events, the Division-I men’s and women’s basketball tournaments, set to begin. The suddenness of the interruption was met with a need by the various sport entities to engage their public with information about their respective responses. The statements that emerged on or after March 12—“the day the sports world stopped”—were not all the same. Many of the statements, in fact, were quite different. That was especially the case with the National Collegiate Athletic Association, whose governance structure and messaging practices hindered their ability to have a uniform response. The purpose of this essay was to examine the public messaging of sport leagues and organizations and to discuss the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of those public statements.

scholarly journals Predicting Seasonal Performance in Professional Sport: A 30-Year Analysis of Sports Illustrated Predictions

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Justine Jones ◽  
Kathryn Johnston ◽  
Lou Farah ◽  
Joseph Baker
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
World Series ◽  
Major League ◽  
Sports Illustrated ◽  
Future Work

In 2017, Sports Illustrated (SI) made headlines when their remarkable prediction from 2014 that the Houston Astros (a team in one of the lowest Major League Baseball divisional rankings) would win the World Series, came true. The less-publicised story was that in 2017, SI predicted the Los Angeles Dodgers to win the Major League Baseball (MLB) title. Assessing the forecasting accuracy of experts is critical as it explores the difficulty and limitations of forecasts and can help illuminate how predictions may shape sociocultural notions of sport in society. To thoroughly investigate SI’s forecasting record, predictions were collected from the four major North American sporting leagues (the National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and National Hockey League) over the last 30 years (1988–2018). Kruskal–Wallis H Tests and Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to evaluate the absolute and relative accuracy of predictions. Results indicated that SI had the greatest predictive accuracy in the National Basketball Association and was significantly more likely to predict divisional winners compared to conference and league champions. Future work in this area may seek to examine multiple media outlets to gain a more comprehensive perspective on forecasting accuracy in sport.

Professional Playing Experience Does Not Lead to Professional Coaching Success

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Schempp ◽  
Bryan A. McCullick ◽  
Matthew A. Grant ◽  
Cornell Foo ◽  
Kelly Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Professional Coaching ◽  
Major League ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between coaches’ professional playing experience and their professional coaching success. The sample (n = 134) included coaches who had the equivalent of three full seasons of head coaching experience in either Major League Baseball (MLB) (n = 46), the National Basketball Association (NBA) (n = 38) or the National Football League (NFL) (n = 50) as determined by the total number of games coached between the years 1997-2007. ANOVAs revealed no significant differences between coaches with more or less professional playing experience and professional coaching success as determined by professional winning percentage. Further, no significant relationship was found between professional playing experience and professional coaching success in MLB (r = -0.16), NBA (r = -0.05) or NFL (r = 0.00). It was concluded that professional playing experience was not a predictor of professional level coaching success. These findings support the notion that sources of knowledge other than playing experience may be necessary and useful in developing coaching expertise.

Stepping into the (Social Media) Game

2014 ◽  
pp. 711-730
Author(s):  
Jimmy Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Parasocial Interaction ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Expression

This chapter explores how rookie athletes in Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), and National Hockey League (NHL), used Twitter as an identity expression tool. A representative sample of tweets from athletes selected in the first round of the 2011 amateur draft of each sports league was selected for analysis. Results revealed that identity manifested in the following ways: (a) Athletes as dedicated workers; (b) Athletes as pop culture consumers; (c) Athletes as sports fans; (d) Athletes as motivators; (e) Athletes as information seekers; and (f) Athletes as everyday people. Through social media, athletes can more actively and diversely assert their identity. This action fosters identification, liking, and parasocial interaction with fans as athletes appear more approachable and similar. The ability to construct and disseminate a variety of identities holds important implications for athletes, which are discussed in the concluding section of the chapter.

How Did the AFL National Draft Mitigate Perverse Incentives?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Jemuel Chandrakumaran
Keyword(s):  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Reverse Order ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Perverse Incentives

Similar to the National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, the reverse-order nature of the Australian Football League (AFL) national player draft has often times been speculated to induce tanking. However, a prior study found that there is no evidence of tanking within the AFL. This study tests this assumption under four periods, namely, pre-2006, 2006-2011, 2012-2014, and post-2014, to reflect the changes in rules. While the results concur with the previous study, the behavior of teams in the priority pick era of the draft finds evidence to the contrary.

Assessing Whether Black Uniforms Affect the Decisions of Turkish Soccer Referees: Is Finding of Frank and Gilovich's Study Valid for Turkish Culture?

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Şefik Tiryaki
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The U.S

Frank and Gilovich (1988) found that teams with black uniforms were penalized by referees more than other teams that did not wear black uniforms in the U.S. National Football League (NFL), and the U.S. National Hockey League (NHL). This finding was examined for the referees in the Turkish Premier Soccer League (TPSL) for the soccer teams wearing or not wearing black uniforms during actual games. 30 male referees' (ages 22–45 years, M = 34.8) decisions were analyzed in a total of 2,142 Turkish premier soccer league games played in 7 seasons. Using the number of red and yellow cards and penalty kicks teams drew as a penalty decision criteria, no significant differences were found between Turkish soccer teams wearing black uniforms or those not and the number of penalty kicks. This result, which was different from that of Frank and Gilovich's work, was discussed in relation to the social psychological point of view of different cultures and societies.

Closing the Last Vestige of a “Free Market” In Labor 1964

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George Surdam
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Reverse Order ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

This chapter examines the issues surrounding player draft in professional sports leagues. During the postwar era, baseball officials and players often mentioned free agents. Unlike the free agents of our era, however, these players were talented amateur players. Indeed, high school and college players constituted the remaining vestige of a free market for baseball labor during the postwar era. The owners quickly discovered that this free market for labor was costly and made attempts to curb spending on amateur players, sparking allegations of cheating that led to distrust among them. This chapter first considers the creation of the amateur draft in Major League Baseball (MLB) before discussing the reverse-order draft in the National Football League (NFL) and the player draft in the National Basketball Association (NBA). It concludes with an assessment of the impact of the draft on owners and players.

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