Internal and external consistency of the liverpool jetlag questionnaire

Triboelectric nanogenerators have recently been used to harvest mechanical energy from surrounding environment which is of great significance in the field of energy conversion. Electrospinning provides a simple, low cost and versatile method for the generation of 1D nanostrucutures. Nanofiber membranes have many advantages over the commonly used dense film for designing the riboelectric nanogenerators, such as the low wear resistance caused from the internal and excellent external consistency of the electrospinning membranes. In this paper, we produce a variety of polymer films by electro-spinning, and fabricate Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) triboelectric nanogenerators with different polymer films afterwards. We except to explore the TEG power generation effect, and influencing factors, and then determine the best combination of the results of TEG (PVDF-PHBV). Such a flexible polymer TEG generates output voltage of up to 112 V at a power of 0.045W.

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A Scale to Assess Attitudes toward Euthanasia

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/fghe-yxhx-qjea-mtm0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jason Wasserman ◽

Jeffrey Michael Clair ◽

Ferris J. Ritchey

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Severe Pain ◽

Public Debate ◽

Sample Variance ◽

Passive Euthanasia ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Patient’S Autonomy ◽

External Consistency ◽

Active And Passive Euthanasia

The topic of euthanasia has been a matter of public debate for several decades. Although empirical research should inform policy, scale measurement is lacking. After analyzing shortcomings of previous work, we offer a systematically designed scale to measure attitudes toward euthanasia. We attempt to encompass previously unspecified dimensions of the phenomenon that are central to the euthanasia debate. The results of our pretest show that our attitude towards euthanasia (ATE) scale is both reliable and valid. We delineate active and passive euthanasia, no chance for recovery and severe pain, and patient's autonomy and doctor's authority. We argue that isolating these factors provides a more robust scale capable of better analyzing sample variance. Internal consistency is established with Cronbach's alpha = .871. Construct external consistency is established by correlating the scale with other predictors such as race and spirituality.

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The external consistency of abstract data types

ACM SIGPLAN Notices ◽

10.1145/947586.947593 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 64-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Silberschatz ◽

R. B. Kieburtz

Keyword(s):

Abstract Data Types ◽

Data Types ◽

Abstract Data ◽

External Consistency

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Longino's Concept of Values in Science

Teorie vědy / Theory of Science ◽

10.46938/tv.2021.504 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Miroslav Vacura

Keyword(s):

Scientific Theory ◽

Empirical Adequacy ◽

Scientific Theories ◽

Values In Science ◽

A Value ◽

Helen Longino ◽

External Consistency ◽

Controversial Aspect

While classical neo-positivists reject any role for traditionally understood values in science, Kuhn identifies five specific values as criteria for assessing a scientific theory; this approach has been further developed by several other authors. This paper focuses on Helen Longino, who presents a significant contemporary critique of Kuhn’s concept. The most controversial aspect of Longino’s position is arguably her claim that the criterion of empirical adequacy is the least defensible basis for assessing theories. The de-emphasizing of the importance of external consistency as a value and the introduction of socio-political considerations into the processes of an assessment of scientific theories are also considered problematic issues. I provide arguments against Longino’s conception, identify some of its problems, and argue for refusal of her approach.

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Associations of Disease-Modifying Therapies With COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012753 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012753

Author(s):

Steve Simpson-Yap ◽

Edward De Brouwer ◽

Tomas Kalincik ◽

Nick Rijke ◽

Jan A Hillert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Artificial Ventilation ◽

Dimethyl Fumarate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Disease Modifying Therapies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

External Consistency ◽

Disease Modifying ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Background:People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are a vulnerable group for severe COVID- 19, particularly those taking immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). We examined the characteristics of COVID-19 severity in an international sample of people with MS.Methods:Data from 12 data-sources in 28 countries were aggregated (sources could include patients from 1-12 countries). Demographic (age, sex), clinical (MS-phenotype, disability), and DMT (untreated, alemtuzumab, cladribine, dimethyl-fumarate, glatiramer acetate, interferon, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, siponimod, other DMTs) covariates were queried, alongside COVID-19 severity outcomes, hospitalisation, ICU admission, requiring artificial ventilation, and death. Characteristics of outcomes were assessed in patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, MS-phenotype, and EDSS.Results:657(28.1%) with suspected and 1,683(61.9%) with confirmed COVID-19 were analysed. Among suspected+confirmed and confirmed-only COVID-19, 20.9% and 26.9% were hospitalised, 5.4% and 7.2% were admitted to ICU, 4.1% and 5.4% required artificial ventilation, and 3.2% and 3.9% died. Older age, progressive MS-phenotype, and higher disability were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Compared to dimethyl-fumarate, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with hospitalisation (aOR=1.56,95%CI=1.01- 2.41; aOR=2.43,95%CI=1.48-4.02) and ICU admission (aOR=2.30,95%CI=0.98-5.39;aOR=3.93,95%CI=1.56-9.89), though only rituximab was associated with higher risk of artificial ventilation (aOR=4.00,95%CI=1.54-10.39). Compared to pooled other DMTs, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with hospitalisation (aOR=1.75,95%CI=1.29- 2.38; aOR=2.76,95%CI=1.87-4.07) and ICU admission (aOR=2.55,95%CI=1.49-4.36;aOR=4.32,95%CI=2.27-8.23) but only rituximab with artificial ventilation (aOR=6.15,95%CI=3.09-12.27). Compared to natalizumab, ocrelizumab and rituximab wereassociated with hospitalisation (aOR=1.86,95%CI=1.13-3.07; aOR=2.88,95%CI=1.68-4.92) and ICU admission (aOR=2.13,95%CI=0.85-5.35; aOR=3.23,95%CI=1.17-8.91), but only rituximab with ventilation (aOR=5.52,95%CI=1.71-17.84). Importantly, associations persisted on restriction to confirmed COVID-19 cases. No associations were observed between DMTs and death. Stratification by age, MS-phenotype, and EDSS found no indications that DMT associations with COVID-19 severity reflected differential DMT allocation by underlying COVID-19 severity.Conclusions:Using the largest cohort of people with MS and COVID-19 available, we demonstrated consistent associations of rituximab with increased risk of hospitalisation, ICU admission, and requiring artificial ventilation, and ocrelizumab with hospitalisation and ICU admission. Despite the study’s cross-sectional design, the internal and external consistency of these results with prior studies suggests rituximab/ocrelizumab use may be a risk factor for more severe COVID-19.

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The Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan 1990-91:Internal and External Consistency

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v35i1pp.71-84 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Maarten De Zeeuw

Keyword(s):

Data Quality ◽

Labour Force ◽

Tax Incidence ◽

Income Dynamics ◽

Marginal Propensity To Consume ◽

Marginal Propensity ◽

Economic Survey ◽

External Consistency ◽

Consumer Test ◽

Direct Tax

After the appearance of Morgenstern's The Accuracy of Economic Observations (1950), data quality should be a matter of abiding concern among economists. The present paper highlights the theme by subjecting the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 1990'91 to a consumer test. From among all remarkable results, a 10 percent "shortfall" of the reported share of workers in agriculture as compared to the Labour Force Survey stands out. Reservations are also made with regard to employment status of workers, income dynamics for employees and self-employed, foreign and domestic reinittances, i(lter-household transfers, improverishment, the marginal propensity to consume, per capita income, and direct tax incidence. If these issues at stake are not inexplicable, at least some elucidation is obviously required. Recommendations for improving HIES data quality emphasise checking on internal and external consistency, and the elucidation of seemingly remarkable results.

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Internal and External Consistency of Doppler, Satellite-Triangulation, and Terrestrial Networks

The Canadian Surveyor ◽

10.1139/tcs-1974-0088 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. E. Wells ◽

E. J. Krakiwsky ◽

D. B. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Confidence Regions ◽

Covariance Matrices ◽

The Other ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Satellite Network ◽

The North ◽

Triangulation Network ◽

External Consistency ◽

Terrestrial Networks

Three sample networks in Atlantic Canada are compared: one eight-station Doppler satellite network, one triangle of the North American densification of the USNGS world satellite triangulation network, and one terrestrial triangulation network. The method used to compute the Doppler network is described. The internal consistency of each network is assessed through analysis of covariance matrices. The externa! consistency between the Doppler and satellite triangulation, and between the Doppler and terrestrial networks is assessed by comparing the interstation distances in one network with the appropriate confidence regions in the other.

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