scholarly journals Urbanization impacts apex predator gene flow but not genetic diversity across an urban‐rural divide

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (22) ◽  
pp. 4926-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl R. Trumbo ◽  
Patricia E. Salerno ◽  
Kenneth A. Logan ◽  
Mathew W. Alldredge ◽  
Roderick B. Gagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Urban Rural

Genetic rescue by augmenting gene flow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inbred Populations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Inbreeding is reduced and genetic diversity enhanced when a small isolated inbred population is crossed to another unrelated population. Crossing can have beneficial or harmful effects on fitness, but beneficial effects predominate, and the risks of harmful ones (outbreeding depression) can be predicted and avoided. For crosses with a low risk of outbreeding depression, there are large and consistent benefits on fitness that persist across generations in outbreeding species. Benefits are greater in species that naturally outbreed than those that inbreed, and increase with the difference in inbreeding coefficient between crossed and inbred populations in mothers and zygotes. However, benefits are similar across invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. There are also important benefits for evolutionary potential of crossing between populations.

scholarly journals Mitogenomics of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) reveals dramatic loss of diversity and supports historical gene-flow between Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Rey-Iglesia ◽  
Philippe Gaubert ◽  
Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo ◽  
Rosa Pires ◽  
Constanza De La Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is one of the most threatened marine mammals, with only 600–700 individuals restricted to three populations off the coast of Western Sahara and Madeira (North Atlantic) and between Greece and Turkey (eastern Mediterranean). Its original range was from the Black Sea (eastern Mediterranean) to Gambia (western African coast), but was drastically reduced by commercial hunting and human persecution since the early stages of marine exploitation. We here analyse 42 mitogenomes of Mediterranean monk seals, from across their present and historical geographic ranges to assess the species population dynamics over time. Our data show a decrease in genetic diversity in the last 200 years. Extant individuals presented an almost four-fold reduction in genetic diversity when compared to historical specimens. We also detect, for the first time, a clear segregation between the two North Atlantic populations, Madeira and Cabo Blanco, regardless of their geographical proximity. Moreover, we show the presence of historical gene-flow between the two water basins, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of at least one extinct maternal lineage in the Mediterranean. Our work demonstrates the advantages of using full mitogenomes in phylogeographic and conservation genomic studies of threatened species.

Genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow pattern among populations of Lasiurus sindicus Henr. - an endemic, C4 grass of Indian Thar desert

Plant Gene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuwnesh Goswami ◽  
Rekha Rankawat ◽  
Wahlang Daniel Regie ◽  
Bhana Ram Gadi ◽  
Satyawada Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
C4 Grass

Gene flow interruption in a recently human-modified landscape: The value of isolated trees for the maintenance of genetic diversity in a Mexican endemic red oak

2017 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Oyama ◽  
María Luisa Herrera-Arroyo ◽  
Víctor Rocha-Ramírez ◽  
Julieta Benítez-Malvido ◽  
Eduardo Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Isolated Trees ◽  
Flow Interruption

scholarly journals Evolutionary history and genetic connectivity across highly fragmented populations of an endangered daisy

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael S. Rodger ◽  
Alexandra Pavlova ◽  
Steve Sinclair ◽  
Melinda Pickup ◽  
Paul Sunnucks
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Common Component ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractConservation management can be aided by knowledge of genetic diversity and evolutionary history, so that ecological and evolutionary processes can be preserved. The Button Wrinklewort daisy (Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides) was a common component of grassy ecosystems in south-eastern Australia. It is now endangered due to extensive habitat loss and the impacts of livestock grazing, and is currently restricted to a few small populations in two regions >500 km apart, one in Victoria, the other in the Australian Capital Territory and nearby New South Wales (ACT/NSW). Using a genome-wide SNP dataset, we assessed patterns of genetic structure and genetic differentiation of 12 natural diploid populations. We estimated intrapopulation genetic diversity to scope sources for genetic management. Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analyses showed strong population genetic differentiation between the two regions, and substantial substructure within ACT/NSW. A coalescent tree-building approach implemented in SNAPP indicated evolutionary divergence between the two distant regions. Among the populations screened, the last two known remaining Victorian populations had the highest genetic diversity, despite having among the lowest recent census sizes. A maximum likelihood population tree method implemented in TreeMix suggested little or no recent gene flow except potentially between very close neighbours. Populations that were more genetically distinctive had lower genetic diversity, suggesting that drift in isolation is likely driving population differentiation though loss of diversity, hence re-establishing gene flow among them is desirable. These results provide background knowledge for evidence-based conservation and support genetic rescue within and between regions to elevate genetic diversity and alleviate inbreeding.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and diversity of the mustard hill coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique N. Gallery ◽  
Michelle L. Green ◽  
Ilsa B. Kuffner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lenz ◽  
Lauren T. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Reef Tract

AbstractIncreases in local and global stressors have led to major declines in coral populations throughout the western Atlantic. While abundances of other species have declined, however, the relative abundance of the mustard hill coral, Porites astreoides, has increased. Porites astreoides is relatively resilient to some stressors, and because of its mixed reproductive strategies, its populations often recover quickly following disturbances. The ability for P. astreoides to continue as a potential “winner” in western Atlantic reefs relies on maintaining sufficient genetic variation within populations to support acclimatization and adaptation to current and future environmental change. Without high genetic diversity and gene flow within the population, it would have limited capacity for adaptation and the species’ competitive advantages could be short-lived. In this study, we determined the genetic relatedness of 37 P. astreoides colonies at four shallow reefs along the offshore Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), a region particularly hard-hit by recent disturbances. Using previously designed microsatellite markers, we determined the genetic diversity and connectivity of individuals among and between sites. Our results suggest that the FKRT likely contains a single, well-mixed genetic population of P. astreoides, with high levels of gene flow and evidence for larval migration throughout the region. This suggests that regional populations of P. astreoides likely have a higher chance of maintaining resilience than many other western Atlantic species as they face current and future disturbances.

Landscape genetics in mammals

Mammalia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Montgelard ◽  
Saliha Zenboudji ◽  
Anne-Laure Ferchaud ◽  
Véronique Arnal ◽  
Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Landscape Genetics ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe focus of this review is on landscape genetics (LG), a relatively new discipline that arose approximately 10 years ago. LG spans the interface between population genetics and landscape ecology and thus incorporates the concepts, methods, and tools from both disciplines. On the basis of an understanding of the spatial distribution of genetic diversity, LG aims to explain how landscape and environmental characteristics influence microevolutionary processes and metapopulation dynamics, including gene flow (i.e., connectivity) and selection (i.e., local adaptations). LG is concerned with events that occurred during the recent time scale, and the individual is the operational unit. As a discipline that combines spatial genetic diversity with ecological features, LG is able to address questions relating to different evolutionary processes. We illustrate some of these here using examples taken from mammals: population structure; gene flow and the identification of barriers; fragmentation, connectivity, and corridors; local adaptation and selection; there are two different questions: applications in conservation genetics; and future developments in LG. We will then present the methods and tools commonly used in the different steps of LG analyses: the genetic and landscape sampling, the quantification of genetic variation, the characterization of spatial landscape structures, and finally, the correlation between genetic patterns and landscape features.

scholarly journals Gene Flow in Phaseolus Beans and Its Role as a Plausible Driver of Ecological Fitness and Expansion of Cultigens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Chacón-Sánchez ◽  
Jaime Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Jorge Duitama ◽  
Daniel G. Debouck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Evolutionary Force

The genus Phaseolus, native to the Americas, is composed of more than eighty wild species, five of which were domesticated in pre-Columbian times. Since the beginning of domestication events in this genus, ample opportunities for gene flow with wild relatives have existed. The present work reviews the extent of gene flow in the genus Phaseolus in primary and secondary areas of domestication with the aim of illustrating how this evolutionary force may have conditioned ecological fitness and the widespread adoption of cultigens. We focus on the biological bases of gene flow in the genus Phaseolus from a spatial and time perspective, the dynamics of wild-weedy-crop complexes in the common bean and the Lima bean, the two most important domesticated species of the genus, and the usefulness of genomic tools to detect inter and intraspecific introgression events. In this review we discuss the reproductive strategies of several Phaseolus species, the factors that may favor outcrossing rates and evidence suggesting that interspecific gene flow may increase ecological fitness of wild populations. We also show that wild-weedy-crop complexes generate genetic diversity over which farmers are able to select and expand their cultigens outside primary areas of domestication. Ultimately, we argue that more studies are needed on the reproductive biology of the genus Phaseolus since for most species breeding systems are largely unknown. We also argue that there is an urgent need to preserve wild-weedy-crop complexes and characterize the genetic diversity generated by them, in particular the genome-wide effects of introgressions and their value for breeding programs. Recent technological advances in genomics, coupled with agronomic characterizations, may make a large contribution.

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