scholarly journals Fine‐scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Akiyama ◽  
Jianqiang Sun ◽  
Masaomi Hatakeyama ◽  
Heidi E. L. Lischer ◽  
Roman V. Briskine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
Niche Divergence

scholarly journals Niche divergence facilitated by fine‐scale ecological partitioning in a recent cichlid fish adaptive radiation

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2718-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia G. P. Ford ◽  
Lukas Rüber ◽  
Jason Newton ◽  
Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra ◽  
John D. Balarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Niche Divergence

scholarly journals Fine-scale ecological and transcriptomic data reveal niche differentiation of an allopolyploid from diploid parents in Cardamine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Akiyama ◽  
Jianqiang Sun ◽  
Masaomi Hatakeyama ◽  
Heidi E.L. Lischer ◽  
Roman V. Briskine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa

AbstractPolyploidization, or whole genome duplication, is one of the major mechanisms of plant speciation. Allopolyploids (species that harbor polyploid genomes originating from hybridization of different diploid species) have been hypothesized to occupy a niche with intermediate, broader, or fluctuating environmental conditions compared with parental diploids. It remains unclear whether empirical data support this hypothesis and whether specialization of expression patterns of the homeologs (paralogous gene copies resulting from allopolyploidization) relates to habitat environments. Here, we studied the ecology and transcriptomics of a wild allopolyploid Cardamine flexuosa and its diploid parents C. hirsuta and C. amara at a fine geographical scale in their native area in Switzerland. We found that the diploid parents favored opposite extremes in terms of soil moisture, soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, and light availability. The habitat of the allopolyploid C. flexuosa was broader compared with those of its parental species and overlapped with those of the parents, but not at its extremes. In C. flexuosa, the genes related to water availability were overrepresented among those at both the expression level and the expression ratio of homeolog pairs, which varied among habitat environments. These findings provide empirical evidence for niche differentiation between an allopolyploid and its diploid parents at a fine scale, where both ecological and transcriptomic data indicated water availability to be the key environmental factor for niche differentiation.Significance statementPolyploidization, or whole genome duplication, is common in plants and may contribute to their ecological diversification. However, little is known about the niche differentiation of wild allopolyploids relative to their diploid parents and the gene expression patterns that may underlie such ecological divergence. We detected niche differentiation between the allopolyploid Cardamine flexuosa and its diploid parents C. amara and C. hirsuta along water availability gradient at a fine scale. The ecological differentiation was mirrored by the dynamic control of water availability-related gene expression patterns according to habitat environments. Thus, both ecological and transcriptomic data revealed niche differentiation between an allopolyploid species and its diploid parents.

scholarly journals Niche divergence along a fine‐scale ecological gradient in sympatric color morphs of a coral reef fish

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Whitney ◽  
Megan J. Donahue ◽  
Stephen A. Karl
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Ecological Gradient ◽  
Niche Divergence ◽  
Color Morphs

High Resolution Stereography of Complementary Freeze-Fracture Replicas Reveals the Presence of Depressions Opposite Membrane Associated Particles of Split Membranes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Solution

Complementary replicas have revealed the fact that the two common faces observed in electron micrographs of freeze-fracture and freeze-etch specimens are complementary to each other and are thus the new faces of a split membrane rather than the original inner and outer surfaces (1, 2 and personal observations). The big question raised by published electron micrographs is why do we not see depressions in the complementary face opposite membrane-associated particles? Reports have appeared indicating that some depressions do appear but complementarity on such a fine scale has yet to be shown.Dog cardiac muscle was perfused with glutaraldehyde, washed in distilled water, then transferred to 30% glycerol (material furnished by Dr. Joaquim Sommer, Duke Univ., and VA Hospital, Durham, N.C.). Small strips were freeze-fractured in a Denton Vacuum DFE-2 Freeze-Etch Unit with complementary replica tooling. Replicas were cleaned in chromic acid cleaning solution, then washed in 4 changes of distilled water and mounted on opposite sides of the center wire of a Formvar-coated grid.

378: 14-3-3 Expression Patterns in the Human Kidney: From Fetal Development to the Adult State to Malignant Transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
Adam G. Baseman ◽  
Andrew J. Kirsch ◽  
Fray F. Marshall ◽  
Haiyen E. Zhau ◽  
Leland W.K. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Kidney

An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debi A. LaPlante ◽  
Heather M. Gray ◽  
Pat M. Williams ◽  
Sarah E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Related Harm

Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambling expansion and subsequent gambling-related changes among the population. Results: Although gambling expansion is associated with changes in gambling and gambling-related problems, empirical studies suggest that these effects are mixed and the available literature is limited. For example, the peer review literature suggests that most post-expansion gambling outcomes (i. e., 22 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 64.7 %) indicate no observable change or a decrease in gambling outcomes, and a minority (i. e., 12 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 35.3 %) indicate an increase in gambling outcomes. Conclusions: Empirical data related to gambling expansion suggests that its effects are more complex than frequently considered; however, evidence-based intervention might help prepare jurisdictions to deal with potential consequences. Jurisdictions can develop and evaluate responsible gambling programs to try to mitigate the impacts of expanded gambling.

Under- and Over-Estimation

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Crollen ◽  
Julie Castronovo ◽  
Xavier Seron
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Numerical Estimation ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Task Perception

Over the last 30 years, numerical estimation has been largely studied. Recently, Castronovo and Seron (2007) proposed the bi-directional mapping hypothesis in order to account for the finding that dependent on the type of estimation task (perception vs. production of numerosities), reverse patterns of performance are found (i.e., under- and over-estimation, respectively). Here, we further investigated this hypothesis by submitting adult participants to three types of numerical estimation task: (1) a perception task, in which participants had to estimate the numerosity of a non-symbolic collection; (2) a production task, in which participants had to approximately produce the numerosity of a symbolic numerical input; and (3) a reproduction task, in which participants had to reproduce the numerosity of a non-symbolic numerical input. Our results gave further support to the finding that different patterns of performance are found according to the type of estimation task: (1) under-estimation in the perception task; (2) over-estimation in the production task; and (3) accurate estimation in the reproduction task. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the more a participant under-estimated in the perception task, the more he/she over-estimated in the production task. We discussed these empirical data by showing how they can be accounted by the bi-directional mapping hypothesis ( Castronovo & Seron, 2007 ).

Attention Psychoanalysts: Empirical Data Need Not Be Ego Alien

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 991-992
Author(s):  
Seymour Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data

Posttraumatic Relational Syndrome: A Perspective Grounded in Empirical Data and Case Studies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Katz ◽  
Andrei Novac ◽  
Bita Ghafoori ◽  
Toni Pusateri
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Data
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