Risk factors associated with xerostomia and reduced salivary flow in hypertensive patients.

Background: Prevalence of hypertension is on rising trend with rise in life style and behavioral changes. It is also a major risk factor for most of the dreadful conditions like coronary artery disease, stroke, etc. Medication adherence would help in reducing the chance of occurrence of such complications. Thus objectives of study are 1) to evaluate the risk factors of hypertension among the diagnosed essential hypertensive patients; and 2) to assess the magnitude and the factors associated with non-adherence to the prescribed treatment.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study among 71 participants was conducted, using a pre-structured questionnaire and physical examination to assess risk factors of hypertension and CULIG’s 16 questionnaire medication adherence scale to assess the non-adherence. Data analysed with proportions and Chi square test.Results: Out of 71 participants, 60 (84.5%) were found to be non-adherent to their anti-hypertensive medication and factors like being male (p=0.0055), alcohol consumption (p=0.0485) and paid medication (p=0.0091) were found to be significantly affecting the medication non-adherence. Positive family history, sedentary life style, preference of extra salt and smoking/tobacco products usage were the most common risk factors of essential hypertension observed along with others.Conclusions: The participants who experienced the complications/ill effects of hypertension were more adherent as compared to others. Factors which are responsible for non -adherence need to be addressed and appropriate interventions required to improve adherence by educating the people about its importance in prevention of complications.

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Determination of clinical risk factors associated with inflammation in hypertensive patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

10.1101/613711 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Ellulu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Physically Active ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Active Patients

ABSTRACTBackgroundObesity and chronic diseases associated with the development of inflammation have remained unclear if the observed inflammatory state in diabetic patients is due to excess adipose tissue mass and/or directly associated with the diabetic state. Therefore, this study determined the risk factors associated with inflammation in hypertensive patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA total of 164 hypertensive diabetic patients aged 38 to 60 years were selected from seven primary health care centers in Gaza city, Palestine. Interview and questionnaire were employed to collect data related to age, gender, smoking habits, and physical activity pattern. Besides, the selection of patients depended on objective criteria.ResultsThe study involved 118 (72%) women and 46 (28%) men. The mean of age for all patients was 53.7±0.46 years old. 76 patients (46.3%) were categorized as current smokers, 88 patients (53.7%) categorized as non-smokers. The baseline distribution of patients according to physical activity has displayed that 130 (79.3%) were low physically active patients, 28 (27.1%) were moderate, and 6 (3.7%) were highly physically active patients. A tertile of inflammation feature with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was developed. The highest tertile of hs-CRP was significantly associated with women, higher obesity indices, metabolic dysregulation involving lipid profile markers, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood pressure, higher interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lower adiponectin. Via ordinal logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking habits, and physical activity; the risk factors for hs-CRP were the increased body mass index [OR: 1.17, P=0.018], IL-6 [OR: 2.22, P=0.025] and FBG [OR: 1.01, P=0.007], as well as reduced adiponectin [OR: 0.81, P=0.002].ConclusionThe inflammation state was affected by obesity and had been related to altered adipokines levels of IL-6 and adiponectin, as well as affected by the disease condition of diabetes, as evidenced by higher serum level of FBG.

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Factors associated with high brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity in non-hypertensive and appropriately treated hypertensive patients with atherosclerotic risk factors

Vascular Health and Risk Management ◽

10.2147/vhrm.s144923 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 383-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dai Ato ◽

Toshitami Sawayama

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

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Risk Factors Associated with Hypertensive Patients at Baquba Teaching Hospital

Diyala Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26505/djm.16014130530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽

◽

Aqeel Abbas Noaman ◽

Ali Abass Aboud

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Factors Associated

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Clinical risk factors and predictive score for the non-dipper profile in hypertensive patients: a case-control study

Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1186/s40885-021-00180-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chavalit Chotruangnapa ◽

Titima Tansakun ◽

Weranuj Roubsanthisuk

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Predictive Score ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Clinical Risk ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Night-time BP, especially non-dipper, is a stronger predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a gold standard for the detection of non-dippers but it often is unavailable and expensive. This study aims to determine clinical risk factors that predict non-dipper. Methods An exploratory traditional case-control study, exclusive sampling of control was conducted from January 2013 to September 2018 to explore clinical risk factors associated with non-dippers in hypertensive patients. Subgroup analysis was performed in each treated and untreated hypertensive patient. The parsimonious predictive score for non-dippers was constructed. Results The study included 208 hypertensive patients receiving 24 h ABPM. There were 104 dippers and 104 non-dippers. Significant clinical risk factors associated with non-dippers were the age of > 65 years, average office diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting plasma glucose of > 5.6 mmol/L. Results of subgroup analysis showed that dyslipidemia, history of coronary artery disease, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and direct vasodilators, average office DBP, and serum uric acid were associated with non-dippers in treated hypertensive patients, however, there were no risk factors associated with non-dippers in the untreated group. The predictive score for non-dippers in treated group included average office DBP, dyslipidemia, serum uric acid, male, calcium channel blockers and ACEIs use. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AuROC) was 0.723. A cut-off point which was > 0.0701 and prevalence of non-dippers of 46%, this score had a sensitivity of 77.4%, specificity of 65.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 79.6%. For untreated group, age, hemoglobin and body mass index were included in the predictive model. AuROC was 0.74. There was a sensitivity of 51.9%, specificity of 91.2%, PPV of 82.4%, and NPV of 70.5% at the cut-off point of > 0.357, and prevalence of 44%. Conclusion There were several significant clinical risk factors associated with non-dippers in treated hypertensive patients. The predictive score might be useful for the detection of non-dippers; however, it cannot replace ABPM.

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Risk factors associated with substance use

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e553882014-001 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Ariel M. Barber ◽

Alexandra Crouch ◽

Stephen Campbell

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Factors Associated

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