Reconsidering the Price equation: a new partitioning based on species abundances and trait expression

Oikos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Ulrich ◽  
Markus Klemens Zaplata ◽  
Nicholas J. Gotelli
Keyword(s):  
Price Equation ◽  
Species Abundances

Dominance determines fish community biomass in a temperate seagrass ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Matthius Eger ◽  
Rebecca J. Best ◽  
Julia Kathleen Baum
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Community Biomass ◽  
Ecosystem Valuation ◽  
Species Abundances

Biodiversity and ecosystem function are often correlated, but there are multiple hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Ecosystem functions such as primary or secondary production may be maximized by species richness, evenness in species abundances, or the presence or dominance of species with certain traits. Here, we combined surveys of natural fish communities (conducted in July and August, 2016) with morphological trait data to examine relationships between diversity and ecosystem function (quantified as fish community biomass) across 14 subtidal eelgrass meadows in the Northeast Pacific (54° N 130° W). We employed both taxonomic and functional trait measures of diversity to investigate if ecosystem function is driven by species diversity (complementarity hypothesis) or by the presence or dominance of species with particular trait values (selection or dominance hypotheses). After controlling for environmental variation, we found that fish community biomass is maximized when taxonomic richness and functional evenness is low, and in communities dominated by species with particular trait values – those associated with benthic habitats and prey capture. While previous work on fish communities has found that species richness is positively correlated with ecosystem function, our results instead highlight the capacity for regionally prevalent and locally dominant species to drive ecosystem function in moderately diverse communities. We discuss these alternate links between community composition and ecosystem function and consider their divergent implications for ecosystem valuation and conservation prioritization.

scholarly journals Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Clark ◽  
Robert Andrus ◽  
Melaine Aubry-Kientz ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Michal Bogdziewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
The West ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractIndirect climate effects on tree fecundity that come through variation in size and growth (climate-condition interactions) are not currently part of models used to predict future forests. Trends in species abundances predicted from meta-analyses and species distribution models will be misleading if they depend on the conditions of individuals. Here we find from a synthesis of tree species in North America that climate-condition interactions dominate responses through two pathways, i) effects of growth that depend on climate, and ii) effects of climate that depend on tree size. Because tree fecundity first increases and then declines with size, climate change that stimulates growth promotes a shift of small trees to more fecund sizes, but the opposite can be true for large sizes. Change the depresses growth also affects fecundity. We find a biogeographic divide, with these interactions reducing fecundity in the West and increasing it in the East. Continental-scale responses of these forests are thus driven largely by indirect effects, recommending management for climate change that considers multiple demographic rates.

Quantifying multimodal trait distributions improves trait-based predictions of species abundances and functional diversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Laughlin ◽  
Chaitanya Joshi ◽  
Sarah J. Richardson ◽  
Duane A. Peltzer ◽  
Norman W.H. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Species Abundances

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHY ON THE COMPOSITION OF A TREE COMMUNITY IN A CENTRAL BRAZILIAN VALLEY FOREST

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. R. PINTO ◽  
A. T. OLIVEIRA-FILHO ◽  
J. D. V. HAY
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Upper Slope ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations between environmental variables related to the substrate (soil and topography) and the distribution of tree species in a valley forest in the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The forest lies in the Cerrado Domain of Central Brazil where the dominant vegetation cover is cerrado (woody savanna). A survey of the tree community registered all live individuals with circumference at breast height (cbh)≥15cm found in eighteen 600m2 plots (total area 1.08ha). The substrate variables used in the gradient analyses were obtained from a topographic survey and from analyses of the chemical and physical properties of soil samples. A principal components analysis of soil and topography variables and a canonical correspondence analysis of the species–environment relationships produced similar results, separating both the substrate variables and the tree species abundances, mainly according to the two types of bedrock, sandstone or slate, underlying their soils, and secondly to the three topographic sectors recognized: Streamside, Mid Slope and Upper Slope. The differences in soil fertility and texture (related to the bedrocks) and the soil water regime (related to both soil texture and topography) were probably the chief factors determining the distribution of tree species in the forest.

scholarly journals Population structures among epiphytal foraminiferal communities, Nevis, West Indies

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Amphistegina Gibbosa ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Logarithmic Series ◽  
One Year ◽  
Structure Investigations

Abstract. The taxocene of live epiphytal foraminifera was for one year monitored monthly on six phytal substrates in shallow water (<1 m) in two bays around Nevis, NE Caribbean Sea. Mosquito Bay was subject to a nutrient flux from a leaking septic tank. Long Haul Bay was comparatively undeveloped. SHE Community Structure Investigations (SHECSIs) revealed that the populations on five plants had logarithmic series distributions of species abundances, the slopes of lnS vs. lnE for these five time-series being within −1±0.3. In three time-series, they were within −1±0.05.Cluster analysis of twenty-five sediment samples in shallow water (<3 m) indicates that Nevis is largely surrounded by a single thanatacoenosis, for which SHECSI indicates a logarithmic series population structure. However, it is not possible to reconstruct perfectly the epiphytal population from the sediment thanatacoenosis. The thanatacoenosis included 40% allochthonous Amphistegina gibbosa, Archaias angulatus and Asterigerina carinata, washed in from offshore reefs, and few planorbulinids, although the latter dominates the biocoenosis on seagrass leaves in the backreef.

scholarly journals Old and new challenges in using species diversity for assessing biodiversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1576) ◽  
pp. 2426-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Chiarucci ◽  
Giovanni Bacaro ◽  
Samuel M. Scheiner
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Conservation And Management

Although the maintenance of diversity of living systems is critical for ecosystem functioning, the accelerating pace of global change is threatening its preservation. Standardized methods for biodiversity assessment and monitoring are needed. Species diversity is one of the most widely adopted metrics for assessing patterns and processes of biodiversity, at both ecological and biogeographic scales. However, those perspectives differ because of the types of data that can be feasibly collected, resulting in differences in the questions that can be addressed. Despite a theoretical consensus on diversity metrics, standardized methods for its measurement are lacking, especially at the scales needed to monitor biodiversity for conservation and management purposes. We review the conceptual framework for species diversity, examine common metrics, and explore their use for biodiversity conservation and management. Key differences in diversity measures at ecological and biogeographic scales are the completeness of species lists and the ability to include information on species abundances. We analyse the major pitfalls and problems with quantitative measurement of species diversity, look at the use of weighting measures by phylogenetic distance, discuss potential solutions and propose a research agenda to solve the major existing problems.

scholarly journals First year of the new Arctic AWIPEV-COSYNA cabled Underwater Observatory in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Fischer ◽  
Max Schwanitz ◽  
Reiner Loth ◽  
Uwe Posner ◽  
Markus Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Single Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Digital Sampling ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Data Density ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Total Species

Abstract. A combined year round assessment of selected oceanographic data and a macrobiotic community assessment was performed from October 2013 to November 2014 in the littoral zone of the polar fjord systems Kongsfjorden on the west coast of Svalbard (Norway). A state of the art remote controlled cabled underwater observatory technology was used for daily vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and turbidity together with a stereo-optical assessment of the macrobiotic community, including fish. The results reveal a distinct seasonal cycle in total species abundances with a significantly higher total abundance and species richness during the polar winter when no light is available under water compared to the summer months when 24-h light is available. During the winter months, a temporally highly segmented community was observed with respect to species occurrence with single species dominating the winter community for restricted times. In contrast, the summer community showed an overall lower total abundance, as well as a significantly lower number of species. The study clearly demonstrates the high potential of cable connected remote controlled digital sampling devices, especially in remote areas, such as the polar fjord systems, with harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility. A smart combination of such new digital “sampling” methods with classic sampling procedures can provide a possibility to significantly extend the sampling time and frequency especially in remote and difficult to access areas. This can help to provide a sufficient data density and therefore statistical power for a sound scientific analysis without increasing the invasive sampling pressure in ecologically sensitive environments.

scholarly journals COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FOR THE COSMIC DEFECT THEORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1039-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
NINFA RADICELLA ◽  
MAURO SERENO ◽  
ANGELO TARTAGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Nuclear Species ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Ia Supernovae ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The cosmic defect theory has been confronted with four observational constraints: primordial nuclear species abundances emerging from the big bang nucleosynthesis; large scale structure formation in the Universe; cosmic microwave background acoustic scale; luminosity distances of type Ia supernovae. The test has been based on a statistical analysis of the a posteriori probabilities for three parameters of the theory. The result has been quite satisfactory and such that the performance of the theory is not distinguishable from that of the ΛCDM theory. The use of the optimal values of the parameters for the calculation of the Hubble constant and the age of the Universe confirms the compatibility of the cosmic defect approach with observations.

scholarly journals The distribution of allelic effects under mutation and selection

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Frank ◽  
Montgomery Slatkin
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
Genetic Character ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Mutation And Selection

SummaryThe Price (1970, 1972) equation is applied to the problem of describing the changes in the moments of allelic effects caused by selection, mutation and recombination at loci governing a quantitative genetic character. For comparable assumptions the resulting equations are the same as those obtained by different means by Barton & Turelli (1987; Turelli & Barton, 1989). The Price equation provides a natural framework within which to examine certain kinds of non-additive allelic effects, recombination and assortative mating. The use of the Price equation is illustrated by finding the equilibrium genetic variance under multiplicative dominance and epistasis and under assortative mating at an additive locus. The limitations of the use of recursion equations for the moments of allelic effects are also discussed.

Price Equation

2013 ◽  
pp. 1738-1739
Author(s):  
Philippe Huneman
Keyword(s):  
Price Equation
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