scholarly journals Stem bending generates electrical response in poplar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Tinturier ◽  
Éric Badel ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc‐Fournier ◽  
Jean‐Louis Julien
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Response ◽  
Stem Bending

scholarly journals Stem bending generates electrical response in poplar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Tinturier ◽  
Éric Badel ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier ◽  
Jean-Louis Julien
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractUnder natural conditions, plants experience external mechanical stresses such as wind and touch that impact their growth. A remarkable feature of this mechanically induced growth response is that it may occur at distance from the stimulation site, suggesting the existence of a signal propagating through the plant. In this study, we investigated the electrical response of poplar trees to a transient controlled bending stimulation of the stem that mimics the mechanical effect of wind. Stem bending was found to cause an electrical response that we called ‘gradual’ potential, similar in shape to an action potential. However, this signal distinguished from the well-known plant action potential by its propagation up to 20 cm along the stem and its strong dumping in velocity and amplitude. Two hypotheses regarding the mode of propagation of the ‘gradual’ potential are discussed.One sentence summaryPoplar stem bending induces an electrical response with high speed and strong decrement.

Use of fractals to describe microstructures of porous thick-film platinum electrodes

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Steven D. Toteda
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Impedance Response ◽  
Platinum Particles ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
Highly Porous

Zirconia oxygen sensors, in such applications as power plants and automobiles, generally utilize platinum electrodes for the catalytic reaction of dissociating O2 at the surface. The microstructure of the platinum electrode defines the resulting electrical response. The electrode must be porous enough to allow the oxygen to reach the zirconia surface while still remaining electrically continuous. At low sintering temperatures, the platinum is highly porous and fine grained. The platinum particles sinter together as the firing temperatures are increased. As the sintering temperatures are raised even further, the surface of the platinum begins to facet with lower energy surfaces. These microstructural changes can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, but the goal of the work is to characterize the microstructure by its fractal dimension and then relate the fractal dimension to the electrical response. The sensors were fabricated from zirconia powder stabilized in the cubic phase with 8 mol% percent yttria. Each substrate was sintered for 14 hours at 1200°C. The resulting zirconia pellets, 13mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness, were roughly 97 to 98 percent of theoretical density. The Engelhard #6082 platinum paste was applied to the zirconia disks after they were mechanically polished ( diamond). The electrodes were then sintered at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1000°C. Each sensor was tested to determine the impedance response from 1Hz to 5,000Hz. These frequencies correspond to the electrode at the test temperature of 600°C.

Dynamic electrical response of YBaCuO thin films as a function of microstructure in view of applications to agile electronics

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR11) ◽  
pp. Pr11-121-Pr11-125
Author(s):  
F. Abbott ◽  
A. F. Dégardin ◽  
A. De Luca ◽  
O. Schneegans ◽  
É. Caristan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Response

Beech sapling architecture following small and medium gap disturbances in silver fir-beech old-growth forests in Slovenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Lahorka Kozjek
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Relative Light Intensity ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
Negative Effect

The objective of our research was to examine the effect of canopy shading on beech sapling architecture in the oldgrowth silver fir-beech forests of Pecka and Rajhenavski Rog. In August 2003 we sampled one plot (352 m2) in a large gap in Pecka, which was a result of a strong windstorm in 1983, and eight small gaps (26–78 m2) with similar sapling heights (3.8–8 m). A ground view of each gap was drawn including the characteristics of gap border trees and the density of separate sapling layers was recorded. The height and diameter were measured for each sapling, as well as the following quality characteristics on selected dominant saplings: width of the crown,number of larger branches and knots (>1/3 DBH), intensity of stem bending, deviation from vertical growth, number of terminal shoots, and the type of damage. The results show a negative effect of high canopy shading (estimated relative light intensity was below 5%) on the architectural quality of saplings. A lower overall density of saplings, greater intensity of bending and deviation from vertical growth, a shorter stem length without branches, a larger number of saplings with two terminal shoots, and a larger number of damaged saplings were observed in small gaps.

Sensory Transduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Effector Molecules

Sensory Transduction provides a thorough and easily accessible introduction to the mechanisms that each of the different kinds of sensory receptor cell uses to convert a sensory stimulus into an electrical response. Beginning with an introduction to methods of experimentation, sensory specializations, ion channels, and G-protein cascades, it provides up-to-date reviews of all of the major senses, including touch, hearing, olfaction, taste, photoreception, and the “extra” senses of thermoreception, electroreception, and magnetoreception. By bringing mechanisms of all of the senses together into a coherent treatment, it facilitates comparison of ion channels, metabotropic effector molecules, second messengers, and other components of signal pathways that are common themes in the physiology of the different sense organs. With its many clear illustrations and easily assimilated exposition, it provides an ideal introduction to current research for the professional in neuroscience, as well as a text for an advanced undergraduate or graduate-level course on sensory physiology.

Disturbing Gtp-Binding Protein Function Through Microinjection Into The Visual Cell Of Limulus

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henmg Stieve ◽  
Barbara Niemeyer ◽  
Klaus Aktories ◽  
Heidi E. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Gtp Binding ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Ventral Nerve Photoreceptor

We have tested the action of three agents microinjected into the ventral nerve photoreceptor of Limulus on the electrical response to dim light. 1. A monoclonal antibody (mAb 4 A) against the Gɑ subunit of frog transducin reduces the size of the receptor current to 60%, suggesting an interaction with Gɑ in the Limulus photoreceptor. 2. Injection of Clostridium botulinum ADPribosyltransferase C 3 reduces the size to 46%; latency is not affected. The results imply that small GTP-binding proteins play a functional role in photoreception of invertebrates. 3. Injection of GD P-β-S reduces dose-dependently the size of the receptor current to 15% and prolongs the latency to 200%, presumably by reducing number and rate of G-protein activations

scholarly journals Mobile Ion-Driven Modulation of Electronic Conductivity Explains Long-Timescale Electrical Response in Lead Iodide Perovskite Thick Pellets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisé García-Batlle ◽  
Sarah Deumel ◽  
Judith E. Huerdler ◽  
Sandro F. Tedde ◽  
Antonio Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Response ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Lead Iodide

scholarly journals Stochastic Spatial Heterogeneity in Activities of H+-ATP-ases in Electrically Connected Plant Cells Decreases Threshold for Cooling-Induced Electrical Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8254
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Daria Ratnitsyna ◽  
Vladimir Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Molecular Transporters ◽  
Positive Shift ◽  
Stochastic Heterogeneity ◽  
Electrical Responses

H+-ATP-ases, which support proton efflux through the plasma membrane, are key molecular transporters for electrogenesis in cells of higher plants. Initial activities of the transporters can influence the thresholds of generation of electrical responses induced by stressors and modify other parameters of these responses. Previously, it was theoretically shown that the stochastic heterogeneity of individual cell thresholds for electrical responses in a system of electrically connected neuronal cells can decrease the total threshold of the system (“diversity-induced resonance”, DIR). In the current work, we tested a hypothesis about decreasing the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses in a system of electrically connected plant cells with increasing stochastic spatial heterogeny in the initial activities of H+-ATP-ases in these cells. A two-dimensional model of the system of electrically connected excitable cells (simple imitation of plant leaf), which was based on a model previously developed in our works, was used for the present investigation. Simulation showed that increasing dispersion in the distribution of initial activities of H+-ATP-ases between cells decreased the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses. In addition, the increasing weakly influenced the amplitudes of electrical responses. Additional analysis showed two different mechanisms of the revealed effect. The increasing spatial heterogeneity in activities of H+-ATP-ases induced a weak positive shift of the membrane potential at rest. The shift decreased the threshold of electrical response generation. However, the decreased threshold induced by increasing the H+-ATP-ase activity heterogeneity was also observed after the elimination of the positive shift. The result showed that the “DIR-like” mechanism also participated in the revealed effect. Finally, we showed that the standard deviation of the membrane potentials before the induction of action potentials could be used for the estimation of thresholds of cooling-induced plant electrical responses. Thus, spatial heterogeneity in the initial activities of H+-ATP-ases can be a new regulatory mechanism influencing the generation of electrical responses in plants under actions of stressors.

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