Container volume affects drought experiments in grapevines: insights on xylem anatomy and time of dehydration

Variation in xylem anatomy among selected populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) was examined using digital image analysis based on an annual growth ring (age 10) per tree. Four subpopulations were selected using the following criteria for height growth and wood density: (i) fast growth and high density; (ii) slow growth and high density; (iii) fast growth and low density; and (iv) slow growth and low density. Significant differences were found among subpopulations for several anatomical parameters including tracheid density, lumen size, and cell wall thickness that may affect the economic value and utilization of wood. Principal component analysis indicate that the first four principal components (PCs) were associated with (i) ring area (PC1), (ii) earlywood density (PC2), (iii) latewood density (PC3), and (iv) lumen shape in earlywood (PC4), suggesting that these aspects of wood properties and growth are controlled by different sets of genes. Relative contributions of total number of tracheids, tracheid lumen size, and cell wall thickness to ring area and correlations between cell wall area proportion and X-ray density are discussed.

Download Full-text

Adaptation to high salinity in poplar involves changes in xylem anatomy and auxin physiology

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01529.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1519-1531 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

U. JUNGHANS ◽

A. POLLE ◽

P. DUCHTING ◽

E. WEILER ◽

B. KUHLMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Salinity ◽

Xylem Anatomy

Download Full-text

Direct and indirect effects of environmental limitations on white spruce xylem anatomy at treeline

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15323 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Timo Pampuch ◽

Mario Trouillier ◽

Alba Anadon-Rosell ◽

Jelena Lange ◽

Martin Wilmking

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Tree Height ◽

White Spruce ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Lumen Diameter ◽

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Mixed Effect

Treeline ecosystems are of great scientific interest to study the direct and indirect influence of limiting environmental conditions on tree growth. However, tree growth is complex and multidimensional, and its responses to the environment depend on a large number of abiotic and biotic factors and their interactions.In this study, we analyze the growth and xylem anatomy of white spruce trees (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) from three treelines in Alaska (one warm and drought-limited, and two cold and temperature-limited treelines). We hypothesized (1) no difference between the treelines regarding the relationship between tree DBH and height, yet in general (2) faster growing trees at the warmer site. Additionally, we expected to find differences in xylem anatomical traits with trees from the drought-limited site having adapted to drought conditions by (3) forming smaller lumen diameter due to water deficit but (4) a higher xylem anatomical density due to higher temperatures and a longer vegetation period.Regarding growth in height and diameter, trees at the drought-limited treeline grew relatively (1) taller and (2) faster compared to trees at the temperature-limited treelines. Raw xylem anatomical measurements showed (3) smaller lumen diameters and (4) higher density in trees at the drought-limited treeline. However, using linear mixed-effect models, we found that (i) traits related to water transport like lumen diameter were not significantly correlated with the actual amount of precipitation during the vegetation period but with tree height. We also found that (ii) traits related to mechanical support like density were mainly positively influenced by the mean temperature during the vegetation period.The differences in lumen diameter found in the raw data can be explained by differences in the growth rates of the trees, since lumen diameter at the lower part of the tree stem needs to increase over time with increasing tree height. The greater wood density at the drought-limited treeline is probably caused by the higher temperature that leads to more biomass production, and potentially longer vegetation periods.Our study shows that xylem anatomical traits in white spruce can be directly and indirectly controlled by environmental conditions. While lumen diameter is not directly influenced by environmental conditions but indirectly through tree height, other traits like anatomical density show a direct correlation with environmental conditions. Our results highlight the importance of approaching tree growth in a multidimensional way and considering direct and indirect effects of environmental forcing.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF PROVENANCE AND CLIMATE ON XYLEM ANATOMY OF HALOXYLON AMMODENDRON (C. A. MEY) BUNGE IN THE GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT, CHINA

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1503_13091321 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1309-1321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CB ZHOU

Keyword(s):

Gurbantunggut Desert ◽

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽

Gurbantünggüt Desert

Download Full-text

The influence of climate on the masting behavior of Mexican beech: growth rings and xylem anatomy

Trees ◽

10.1007/s00468-018-1755-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 23-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ernesto Chanes Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽

Teresa Terrazas ◽

Isolda Luna-Vega

Keyword(s):

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Growth Rings

Download Full-text

KLEINODENDRON AND XYLEM ANATOMY OF CLUYTIEAE (EUPHORBIACEAE)

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/j.1537-2197.1967.tb10687.x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 663-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

William L. Stern

Keyword(s):

Xylem Anatomy

Download Full-text

Sap flow, xylem anatomy and photosynthetic variables of three Persea species in response to laurel wilt

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpaa137 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raiza Castillo-Argaez ◽

Aime Vazquez ◽

Joshua L Konkol ◽

Ana I Vargas ◽

Randy C Ploetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Sap Flow ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Xylem Vessel ◽

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Laurel Wilt ◽

Raffaelea Lauricola ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll

Abstract Laurel wilt, a lethal vascular wilt disease caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, affects several tree species in the Lauraceae, including three Persea species. The susceptibility to laurel wilt of two forest tree species native to the southern United States, Persea borbonia and Persea palustris, and avocado, Persea americana cv Waldin, was examined and related to tree physiology and xylem anatomy. Net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), xylem sap flow, theoretical stem hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and xylem vessel anatomy were assessed in trees of each species that were inoculated with R. lauricola and in control trees. Laurel wilt caused a reduction in A, gs, LCI, Fv/Fm, and blockage of xylem vessels by tyloses formation that negatively impacted Kh, and sap flow in all Persea species. However, disease susceptibility as indicated by canopy wilting and sapwood discoloration was less pronounced in P. americana cv Waldin than in the two forest species. Xylem vessel diameter was significantly smaller in P. borbonia and P. palustris than in P. americana cv Waldin. Differences in laurel wilt susceptibility among species appears to be influenced by physiological and anatomical tree responses.

Download Full-text

Resin yield in Pinus pinaster is related to tree dendrometry, stand density and tapping-induced systemic changes in xylem anatomy

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.038 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 313 ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Aida Rodríguez-García ◽

Rosana López ◽

Juan Antonio Martín ◽

Felix Pinillos ◽

Luis Gil

Keyword(s):

Pinus Pinaster ◽

Stand Density ◽

Xylem Anatomy

Download Full-text

Analysis of Non-Structural Carbohydrates and Xylem Anatomy of Leaf Petioles Offers New Insights in the Drought Response of Two Grapevine Cultivars

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21041457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rachele Falchi ◽

Elisa Petrussa ◽

Enrico Braidot ◽

Paolo Sivilotti ◽

Francesco Boscutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Drought Response ◽

Xylem Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Analysis ◽

Starch Mobilization ◽

Xylem Conduits

In grapevine, the anatomy of xylem conduits and the non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) content of the associated living parenchyma are expected to influence water transport under water limitation. In fact, both NSC and xylem features play a role in plant recovery from drought stress. We evaluated these traits in petioles of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Syrah (SY) cultivars during water stress (WS) and recovery. In CS, the stress response was associated to NSC consumption, supporting the hypothesis that starch mobilization is related to an increased supply of maltose and sucrose, putatively involved in drought stress responses at the xylem level. In contrast, in SY, the WS-induced increase in the latter soluble NSCs was maintained even 2 days after re-watering, suggesting a different pattern of utilization of NSC resources. Interestingly, the anatomical analysis revealed that conduits are constitutively wider in SY in well-watered (WW) plants, and that water stress led to the production of narrower conduits only in this cultivar.

Download Full-text