Demographic change and long-term growth in China: Past developments and the future challenge of aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchung Hsu ◽  
Pei-Ju Liao ◽  
Min Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
The Future

Article 140 Between Baghdad and KRG: The Future of Kirkuk Status in Post 16 October

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-524
Author(s):  
Hawre Hasan Hama
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Will

The Iraqi state and the Kurds have always been at the odds over the territory around Kirkuk, particularly following the discovery of oil in the province in 1927. Both sides have claimed ownership of the province since that time and have sought to gain advantage over the other through various means. The region was subjected to a forced demographic change under the Arabisation policy during the reign of Ba’ath Party between 1968 and 2003. Following the overthrow of Saddam’s regime in 2003, the status of Kirkuk was to be constitutionally and peacefully resolved according to Article 58 of the 2004 interim constitution and then Article 140 of the 2005 permanent constitutions, which called for normalisation, a census, and a referendum in Kirkuk and other disputed areas to determine the will of their residents. Practically, however, various Iraqi governments and the two dominant Kurdish parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the Kurdistan Democratic Party, were able to politicise implementation of Article 140. Although each blame the other, all share responsibility for the lack of implementation. This research investigates that experience and argues that the joint administration is the optimal scenario in the short run and independent region within the Iraqi state would be the best-case scenario in the long term.

scholarly journals Empleo decente: un reto presente y de futuro = Decent employment: a present and future challenge

2018 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rojo Torrecilla
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Productive Employment

<p>Es objeto de atención el empleo pleno y productivo, y el trabajo decente. El texto define en primer lugar los conceptos utilizados, para proceder al examen de las aportaciones efectuadas  por la OIT y por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas para tratar de delimitar su contenido y aplicación práctica. Son también objeto de atención los retos que el Derecho del Trabajo tiene ante el futuro, con la presencia cada vez más importante de la tecnología, así como también del cambio demográfico y de las modificaciones de las relaciones de trabajo por el auge de nuevas formas de empleo. El artículo finaliza con una serie de preguntas que debemos responder para avanzar hacia una sociedad mejor, más justa y solidaria.</p><p>The focus is on full and productive employment and decent work. The text first defines the concepts used, with a view to examining the contributions made by ILO and the General Assembly of the United Nations in an attempt to define their content and practical application. Attention is also drawn to the challenges that labour law faces in the future, with the increasingly important presence of technology, as well as demographic change and changes in labour relations due to the rise of new forms of employment. The article concludes with a series of questions that we must answer in order to move towards a better, fairer and more solidary society</p>

DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN. WORLD EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sulkhiya Gazieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Digital Logic ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future

The future of labor market depends upon several factors, long-term innovation and the demographic developments. However, one of the main drivers of technological change in the future is digitalization and central to this development is the production and use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies, including the computer,the smart phone and the Internet. Especially, smart automation will perhaps not cause e.g.regarding industries, occupations, skills, tasks and duties

Der Wald-Wild-Konflikt – was kann die Forstökonomie zur Lösung beitragen? (Essay)

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Marc Hanewinkel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Economics ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Forest Enterprises

The forest-game conflict – how can forest economics contribute to solve it? (Essay) Core parameters of forest economics such as land expectation value or highest revenue show that damage caused by wild ungulates can critically influence the economic success of forest enterprises. When assessing and evaluating the damage in order to calculate damage compensation, methods are applied in Germany that look either into the past (“cost value methods”) or into the future (“expected value methods”). The manifold uncertainties related to this evaluation over long-term production periods are taken into account within a framework of conventions through strongly simplifying assumptions. Only lately, the increased production risk due to game-induced loss of species diversity is also considered. Additional aspects that should be taken into account in the future are the loss of climate-adapted species, the change of the insurance values of forest ecosystems and the impossibility of specific management systems such as single-tree selection forestry due to the influence of game. Because of high transaction costs when assessing the damage, financial compensation should only be the “ultimate measure” and a meditation between stakeholder groups with the goal to find a cooperative solution before the damage occurs should be preferred.

The Future of Muslim Education in the United States: An Agenda for Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 46-82
Author(s):  
Fathi Malkawi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Education ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Future ◽  
Muslim Education ◽  
Future Plans

This paper addresses some of the Muslim community’s concerns regarding its children’s education and reflects upon how education has shaped the position of other communities in American history. It argues that the future of Muslim education will be influenced directly by the present realities and future trends within American education in general, and, more importantly, by the well-calculated and informed short-term and long-term decisions and future plans taken by the Muslim community. The paper identifies some areas in which a wellestablished knowledge base is critical to making decisions, and calls for serious research to be undertaken to furnish this base.

Future of Commodity Markets and Investments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter M. Holzhauer
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Algorithmic Trading ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
The Future ◽  
Change Concerns ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Regulatory Trends

This chapter begins with a breakdown of recent growth trends for the overall commodities market. However, the long-term future of the market will heavily depend on three pressing issues: excess supply, increased regulations, and algorithmic trading. The section on excess supply explores how traders are changing strategies to adjust to the current imbalance between supply and demand, especially in the steel industry, and how that imbalance might change in the future based on global population trends and climate change concerns. The next section examines several regulatory trends, including the dramatic exodus of some investment banks from certain segments of the commodities market followed by a section focusing on how algorithmic trading is influencing how commodities are traded. A discussion of potential scenarios for the commodities market follows. The chapter concludes by examining a few ways in which the market and commodity traders may both survive and even thrive in the future.

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