Der Wald-Wild-Konflikt – was kann die Forstökonomie zur Lösung beitragen? (Essay)

The forest-game conflict – how can forest economics contribute to solve it? (Essay) Core parameters of forest economics such as land expectation value or highest revenue show that damage caused by wild ungulates can critically influence the economic success of forest enterprises. When assessing and evaluating the damage in order to calculate damage compensation, methods are applied in Germany that look either into the past (“cost value methods”) or into the future (“expected value methods”). The manifold uncertainties related to this evaluation over long-term production periods are taken into account within a framework of conventions through strongly simplifying assumptions. Only lately, the increased production risk due to game-induced loss of species diversity is also considered. Additional aspects that should be taken into account in the future are the loss of climate-adapted species, the change of the insurance values of forest ecosystems and the impossibility of specific management systems such as single-tree selection forestry due to the influence of game. Because of high transaction costs when assessing the damage, financial compensation should only be the “ultimate measure” and a meditation between stakeholder groups with the goal to find a cooperative solution before the damage occurs should be preferred.

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Analysis of a long-term Forest Accountancy Network to Support Management and Controlling

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Markus Dög ◽

Johannes Wildberg ◽

Bernhard Möhring

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Time Series ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Series Data ◽

Forest Economics ◽

Private Forest ◽

Forest Landowners ◽

Forest Enterprises

Abstract Multifunctional forestry in Germany is characterized by long production periods and complex biological-technical processes. Private forest enterprises are complex systems which are closely interwoven with the economic environment. To ensure their economic success, forest landowners need to take the economic development into consideration and adapt their management strategies. Management accounting is an important source for information needed to fulfil main tasks of accounting that help to manage forest enterprises: ‘description’, ‘explanation’ and ‘decision making’. To get general data, long time series data, taken from Forest Accountancy Networks (FAN), can be analysed. For more than 45 years, data from the FAN Westfalen-Lippe in Germany has been collected and analysed by the department of Forest Economics and Forest Management at the University of Göttingen. The long-term development and adaptation strategies of defined groups of private forest enterprises can be illustrated using this data. These valuable time series can support decision-making processes for private forest landowners and provide tools for forest policy. The data shows that private forest enterprises, with spruce as the dominating tree species, have performed above average in terms of operating revenues and profit margins, but are also more susceptible to calamities resulting in higher involuntary timber harvests.

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An economic analysis of landowner propensity for woodlot management and harvesting in northwestern Saskatchewan

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc71451-4 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 451-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fiona J. Salkie ◽

Martin K. Luckert ◽

William E. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Logit Analysis ◽

Forest Economics ◽

Forest Land ◽

Timber Management ◽

Contract Term ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

New Processing ◽

Young Growth

The recent development of new processing facilities in Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan has created a long-term market for timber in the region. Although these processing facilities are currently supplied by crown timber reserves, increasing pressure on public forest resources from multiple users has caused processors to consider private woodlots as a supplemental source of fibre. A survey was undertaken to investigate conditions under which landowners may respond to the emerging demand by managing their timber resources for harvest and sale.Survey results indicate that, although virtually no management or harvesting has occurred in the past, approximately half of those interviewed would consider timber management and harvesting in the future. Logit analysis identified landowner characteristics that were related to landowners' willingness to consider forest management and harvest in the future and the likelihood that they would consider a timber contract. Significant characteristics of landowners in influencing the propensity to manage and harvest their woodlots included: the diversity of farm operations, the length of family tenure of the land, the number of ways respondents use their forest land, and area of forest owned. A preferred timber contract was identified as having: a duration of 1 to 5 years, young growth established at the end of the contract term, and payments for harvesting and management services made through a crop share arrangement. Key words: private forestry, forest economics, timber contracts, landowner characteristics, woodlot management

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Long-Term Consequences of Volunteering: Undergraduate Community Service Touches the Future

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e514992008-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Judy Primavera ◽

Andrew Martinez

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

The Future ◽

Long Term Consequences

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DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN. WORLD EXPERIENCE

Innovation in the economy ◽

10.26739/2181-9491-2020-4-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 29-39

Author(s):

Sulkhiya Gazieva ◽

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Technological Change ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Logic Circuits ◽

Digital Logic ◽

The Internet ◽

The Future

The future of labor market depends upon several factors, long-term innovation and the demographic developments. However, one of the main drivers of technological change in the future is digitalization and central to this development is the production and use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies, including the computer,the smart phone and the Internet. Especially, smart automation will perhaps not cause e.g.regarding industries, occupations, skills, tasks and duties

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The Future of Muslim Education in the United States: An Agenda for Research

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.524 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 20 (3-4) ◽

pp. 46-82

Author(s):

Fathi Malkawi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

American Education ◽

Future Trends ◽

Muslim Community ◽

Short Term ◽

The Future ◽

Muslim Education ◽

Future Plans

This paper addresses some of the Muslim community’s concerns regarding its children’s education and reflects upon how education has shaped the position of other communities in American history. It argues that the future of Muslim education will be influenced directly by the present realities and future trends within American education in general, and, more importantly, by the well-calculated and informed short-term and long-term decisions and future plans taken by the Muslim community. The paper identifies some areas in which a wellestablished knowledge base is critical to making decisions, and calls for serious research to be undertaken to furnish this base.

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Decision-Making With Long-Term Consequences: Temporal Discounting for Single and Multiple Outcomes in the Future.

10.21236/ada301353 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Mary K. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Temporal Discounting ◽

Multiple Outcomes ◽

The Future ◽

Long Term Consequences

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Future of Commodity Markets and Investments

10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0028 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hunter M. Holzhauer

Keyword(s):

Supply And Demand ◽

Commodity Markets ◽

Investment Banks ◽

Algorithmic Trading ◽

Excess Supply ◽

The Future ◽

Change Concerns ◽

Global Population ◽

Regulatory Trends

This chapter begins with a breakdown of recent growth trends for the overall commodities market. However, the long-term future of the market will heavily depend on three pressing issues: excess supply, increased regulations, and algorithmic trading. The section on excess supply explores how traders are changing strategies to adjust to the current imbalance between supply and demand, especially in the steel industry, and how that imbalance might change in the future based on global population trends and climate change concerns. The next section examines several regulatory trends, including the dramatic exodus of some investment banks from certain segments of the commodities market followed by a section focusing on how algorithmic trading is influencing how commodities are traded. A discussion of potential scenarios for the commodities market follows. The chapter concludes by examining a few ways in which the market and commodity traders may both survive and even thrive in the future.

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Agritourism—A Business Reality of the Moment for Romanian Rural Area’s Sustainability

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6313

Author(s):

Ramona Ciolac ◽

Tiberiu Iancu ◽

Ioan Brad ◽

Tabita Adamov ◽

Nicoleta Mateoc-Sîrb

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Distribution Channels ◽

Scientific Paper ◽

Business Owners ◽

The Future ◽

Tourism Potential ◽

The Moment ◽

Managerial Experience ◽

Over Time

The agritourism activity can be a characteristic reality of the present, considering rural area’s sustainability, being at the same time a business reality for rural entrepreneurs and a “must have” for rural communities that have tourism potential. It is a form of tourism, through which the tourist can receive a qualitative product at a reasonable price, but also a field that can ensure sustainable development over time, being at the same time environmentally friendly. The purpose of this scientific paper is to identify the aspects that make agritourism “a possible business reality of the moment”, for Romanian rural area’s sustainability. We take into account the following areas: Bran-Moieciu area—considered “the oldest” in terms of agritourism experience, and Apuseni Mountains area, with a great inclination and potential for this activity. The study conducted for these two areas is focused on several aspects: the degree of involvement in agritourism activities, considering the number of years and managerial experience, the analysis of the types of activities/experiences offered by agritourism structures, the identification of the main reasons/motivations for the orientation towards agritourism and the manner in which this field is perceived. Aspects related to the marketing-finance part of the agritourism business are also taken into account: customers, distribution channels, financial sources, shortcomings observed by agritourism business owners and possible action directions so as to improve the activity/agritourism product. Agritourism may be “a possible business reality of the moment” for the studied areas and not only, but in the future, the entrepreneur/farmer must be constantly updated because of the changing situations that appear on the market, be able to make sustainable decisions for his/her own business, which in the future will ensure its viability and obviously its long-term profitability and development, and in the same time rural area’s sustainability.

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Evolutionary Stability for Interactions among Kin under Quantitative Inheritance.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/121.4.877 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 877-889

Author(s):

A B Harper

Keyword(s):

Inclusive Fitness ◽

Fitness Function ◽

Quantitative Inheritance ◽

Evolutionarily Stable Strategies ◽

Environmental Variance ◽

Pairwise Interactions ◽

Simplifying Assumptions ◽

Multilocus Model ◽

Evolutionarily Stable

Abstract The theory of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) predicts the long-term evolutionary outcome of frequency-dependent selection by making a number of simplifying assumptions about the genetic basis of inheritance. I use a symmetrized multilocus model of quantitative inheritance without mutation to analyze the results of interactions between pairs of related individuals and compare the equilibria to those found by ESS analysis. It is assumed that the fitness changes due to interactions can be approximated by the exponential of a quadratic surface. The major results are the following. (1) The evolutionarily stable phenotypes found by ESS analysis are always equilibria of the model studied here. (2) When relatives interact, one of the two conditions for stability of equilibria differs between the two models; this can be accounted for by positing that the inclusive fitness function for quantitative characters is slightly different from the inclusive fitness function for characters determined by a single locus. (3) The inclusion of environmental variance will in general change the equilibrium phenotype, but the equilibria of ESS analysis are changed to the same extent by environmental variance. (4) A class of genetically polymorphic equilibria occur, which in the present model are always unstable. These results expand the range of conditions under which one can validly predict the evolution of pairwise interactions using ESS analysis.

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