Fatal toxoplasmosis in wild European brown hares ( Lepus europaeus ) in tularaemia endemic areas of the Czech Republic: Poses risk of infection for humans?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Račka ◽  
Eva Bártová ◽  
Jana Juránková ◽  
Azra Hamidović ◽  
Ivana Kucharovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Forecasting system for infection risk of phoma stem canker in selected regions of the Czech Republic in 2009–2011 

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Poslušná ◽  
E. Plachká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Ascospore Release ◽  
Forecasting System

In the period 2009&ndash;2011 monitoring of the incidence of phoma stem canker was carried out at selected sites of the Czech Republic (&Scaron;umperk and Opava regions in North Moravia). The risk of infection was evaluated by assessing the autumn release of&nbsp;Leptosphaeria&nbsp;spp. ascospores and with the proPlant prediction model. In recent years, the incidence of phoma stem canker has been relatively low and this corresponded with the total count of ascospores released in the autumn period but not with an increased level of infection risk announced by the proPlant model. During the monitored period the ascospore concentration reached maximally 2 ascospores/1 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;per day. Maximum ascospore release was recorded in 2010 as a result of favourable weather conditions. The first incidence of phoma leaf spot has been observed in mid-October. The higher values of ascospores concentration were recorded in the Opava region, but the total number of the trapped ascospores was more often higher in the &Scaron;umperk region.&nbsp;

scholarly journals The wildlife hosts of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the Czech Republic during the years 2002–2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopecna ◽  
I. Trcka ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
M. Moravkova ◽  
P. Koubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Rflp Type ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

The objective of this study was to determine the wildlife hosts of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in the Czech Republic. A total of 8 796 wildlife animals were examined by culture of faecal or tissue samples during the years 2002–2007. MAP was isolated from 12 (0.5%) out of 2 296 red deer (Cervus elaphus), two (0.2%) out of 835 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 78 (5.7%) out of 1 381 fallow deer (Dama dama), 28 (3.2%)out of 866 mouflons (Ovis musimon), four (2.5%) out of 162 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and from one (0.1%) out of 805 wild boar (Sus scrofa). MAP was not cultured from 82 badgers (Meles meles), 55 martens (Martes foina), one pine marten (Martes martes), 25 brown hares (Lepus europaeus), five rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), nine European polecats (Mustela putorius), two steppe polecats (Mustela eversmannii), two American minks (Mustela vison), four raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and four Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). MAP was isolated from three (2.0%) out of 149 small terrestrial mammals: one (5.9%) out of 17 brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), one (1.7%) out of 59 common voles (Microtus arvalis) and one (2.6%) out of 39 lesser white-toothed shrews (Crocidura suaveolens). Culture examinations of 34 house mice (Mus musculus) and 2 113 pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) were negative. All 123 in vitro growing MAP isolates from wild ruminants were of IS900 RFLP type B-C1. One mouflon infected with a MAP strain which did not grow on the tested media was after IS1311-PRA-PCR assessed as being infected with a “sheep” strain. The RFLP type of the MAP isolate from the wild boar was of the RFLP type A-C10. Although the detection of MAP in wildlife in the Czech Republic was not very high, their role as a potential risk factor for cattle should be considered.

scholarly journals  Parasite load of European brown hares in Austria and the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chroust ◽  
M. Vodnansky ◽  
J. Pikula
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eimeria Spp

&nbsp; The parasite load of brown hares (Lepus europaeus) is of great interest to hunting ground managers and veterinarians. We compared the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections in 362 hares from Austria and the Czech Republic with respect to age and body weight. Samples of the entire gastrointestinal tract, liver and lungs were collected during autumn hunting events in 2007. The parasite spectrum of hares included Protostrongylus pulmonalis, Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Trichuris leporis, Eimeria spp. and tapeworms. The most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode was Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, while only individual specimens of tapeworms such as Andrya rhopalocephala, Mosgovoyia pectinata, Cittotaenia denticulata and Ctenotaenia ctenoides were found in subadult hares. A single hare was infected with Cysticercus pisiformis in Austria. Lungworms Protostrongylus pulmonalis and findings of pneumonia were significantly less prevalent in subadult than adult hares (P &lt; 0.01) from both countries and were much less prevalent overall in the Czech Republic (P &lt; 0.01). Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Eimeria spp. and enteritis were more prevalent in subadult hares. The nematode Trichuris leporis, on the other hand, prevailed in adults. The body weight of adult hares was negatively correlated with the intensity of infection by Protostrongylus pulmonalis (r = &ndash;0.67) and Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (r = &ndash;0.73) and the parasite loads served as significant weight predictors in multiple regression equations. This study revealed that parasitic infections of the lungs and intestines influences the health and decreases the body weight of hares in Austrian and Czech hunting grounds. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Ecology of brucellosis of the European hare in theCzechRepublic 

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pikula ◽  
M. Beklova ◽  
Z. Holesovska ◽  
B. Skocovska ◽  
F. Treml
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
European Hare ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Foci

A geographic information system was used for the analysis of ecological conditions of distribution of natural foci of brucellosis in the European hare (Lepus europaeus) and their long-term persistence in the Czech Republic. The European hare is a reservoir host of Brucella suis biotype 2. A close correlation was found between the geographic distribution and numbers of natural foci of brucellosis in the Czech Republic in 1971 to 1985 and 1986 to 2000 (r = 0.65, n = 814, P = 0.01). Natural foci of brucellosis were persistent, but not stationary, over the period of 30 years. Natural foci of brucellosis were most abundant in habitats of beech forests and the mosaic of fields and forests (x<sub>b</sub> = 3.19 and 2.95, respectively), geographic areas of 201&ndash;400 m of elevation above sea level (x<sub>b</sub>&nbsp;= 2.53), 0.0&ndash;2.0&deg;C of mean annual air temperature (x<sub>b</sub> = 3.62), 1 401&ndash;1 800 mm of mean annual precipitation (x<sub>b</sub> = 4.52), 1 601&ndash;1 800 h of mean annual sunshine duration (x<sub>b</sub> = 2.64), and areas of the European hare population density of 51&ndash;100 individuals per 10 km<sup>2</sup> (x<sub>b</sub> = 3.33). Natural foci of brucellosis seem to be independent of the population density of European hare.

scholarly journals Causes of admission and outcomes of brown hare (Lepus europaeus) leverets at wildlife rescue centres in the Czech Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lukesova ◽  
Eva Voslarova ◽  
Vladimir Vecerek ◽  
Katarina Nenadovic
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Hare Population

Abstract Background Wildlife rescue centres care for orphaned and injured young as an integral part of their work. However, inappropriate interventions in nature can have a negative effect on the survival of young hares, especially when the care of these young is not very successful. The aim of this study was to assess the number of brown hare leverets admitted to rescue centres in the Czech Republic in the period from 2010 to 2019, the causes of their admission to rescue centres and their outcomes. Results We evaluated the number of brown hare leverets admitted to rescue centres in the Czech Republic in the period from 2010 to 2019 and the outcomes associated with their leaving these rescue centres. We found that the number of brown hare leverets admitted increased during the monitored period (rSp = 0.6364, p < 0.05). The most frequent reasons for admission were the admission of orphaned young (49.15%), leverets brought needlessly (19.60%) and leverets that had been bitten by other animals (18.63%). More (p < 0.05) young admitted to rescue centres died (40.76%) than were reared successfully and released back into the wild (32.40%). Leverets that had been caught needlessly or orphaned and late-born leverets survived and could be released back into the wild (38.56, 34.51 and 52%, respectively), while fatalities were recorded in most leverets bitten by another animal (65.05%) or hit in a collision with a vehicle (97.06%). Most young hares (76.92%) that were exhausted or starved at the time of admission could not be saved. Conclusions Since only a small proportion of hares in a litter survive until adulthood in the wild, young animals being found and taken needlessly to rescue centres may harm the hare population. Our results show that only around one in three healthy young hares admitted to rescue centres are reared successfully. It is, in our opinion, of fundamental importance to the protection of brown hare leverets to inform the public of this issue and prevent needless interventions into natural rearing in the wild.

scholarly journals Prediction of possible distribution of tularemia in theCzechRepublic

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pikula ◽  
M. Beklova ◽  
Z. Holesovska ◽  
F. Treml
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Alluvial Forests ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Analytical Tools

A prediction map of tularemia was constructed on the basis of factors identified as contributing to the existence of current natural foci of tularemia in the CzechRepublic. The geographic distribution of a total of 6&nbsp;different factors was evaluated with respect to their suitability for harbouring natural foci of tularemia. These factors included habitats of alluvial forests, geographic areas of up to 200 m above the sea level, 8.1&ndash;10.0&deg;C of mean annual air temperature, 450&ndash;700 mm of mean annual precipitation, 1 801&ndash;2 000 and 2 001&ndash;2 200 h of mean annual sunshine duration and the highest population densities of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus). The whole territory of the Czech Republic was divided into 1 814 unit areas of 5.1 &times; 8.5 km characterised by the presence or absence of the specific conditions stated above. Analytical tools of the KORMAP GIS program and its capability of combining spatial data to construct a new map were used. There are two main territories of conditions favourable for tularemia in the Czech Republic, i.e., Southern Moravia and Central Bohemia. Areas of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 factors favourable for tularemia cover 18 120.30, 27 960.75, 15 259.20, 7 933.05, 5 245.35, 3 337.95 and 780.30 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively, of the total area of 78 636.9 km<sup>2</sup> of theCzechRepublic. The prediction modelling of possible occurrence of a zoonosis seems to be an economical way of selecting areas of study and research.

scholarly journals Improving the Condition of European Hare Through Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ernst ◽  
Petr Maděra ◽  
Tomáš Frantík ◽  
Jan Novák ◽  
Štěpán Vencl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
European Hare ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Bohemian Knotweed ◽  
Haematological Analysis ◽  
Monetary Contribution

Abstract The objective of the article is to evaluate the effects of a newly designed granulated mixture enriched with Bohemian knotweed (Reynoutria x bohemica) on European hare (Lepus europaeus) kept at closed farms. The positive influence of knotweed on the microbiome in the digestive system and better usage of the fodder were proven based on biochemical and haematological analysis of blood. Lower manifestation of pathogenic organisms is also expected. Finally, the positive influence on higher weight gains in baby hares was proven, which improves their condition. The results can be used in practice at closed farms breeding European hare focused on releasing bred young hares into open hunting grounds where it is possible to obtain a monetary contribution for the releasing of hares from a grant of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic in the field of hunting. Furthermore, the results can be used for feeding hares in open hunting grounds.

scholarly journals Endoparasites in European hares (Lepus europaeus) under gamekeeping conditions in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lukešová ◽  
I. Langrová ◽  
J. Vadlejch ◽  
I. Jankovská ◽  
J. Hlava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractDuring December 2007 and November–April 2008/2009, 128 gastrointestinal tracts and 1680 faecal samples of hares from different parts of the Czech Republic were examined. Evaluation of the faeces samples indicated that the samples could have been infected with any one of the following parasites: Eimeria spp., Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Trichuris leporis, Graphidium strigosum, Strongyloides sp., Protostrongylus spp. and Anoplocephalidae tape-worms. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis was the most common nematode (75.8 %). 39.8 % of the animals were infected with Trichuris leporis. Only four hares were in-fected with Graphidium strigosum. Eimeria spp. was the most commonly occurring parasite (90.5 %). The follow-ing species were found: Eimeria coquelinae, E. cabareti, E. leporis, E. babatica, E. europea, E. pierrecouderti, E. macrosculpta, E. orbiculata and E. stefanski. Eimeria coquelinae was the most prevalent species (68.4 %). Eimeria cabareti and E. leporis were the next most frequently found species (64.5 % and 57.8 %, respectively).

scholarly journals First report of hare treponematosis seroprevalence of European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in the Czech Republic: seroprevalence negatively correlates with altitude of sampling areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Nováková ◽  
David Najt ◽  
Lenka Mikalová ◽  
Marcela Kostková ◽  
Eliška Vrbová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to quantify the seroprevalence of hare treponematosis in European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) populations in the Czech Republic and to test for an association between treponematosis prevalence and the altitude of the areas in which hares were sampled. We tested 289 serum samples of brown hares collected between 2015 and 2017. The sampling areas included 12 districts (73 villages) distributed throughout the Czech Republic. Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against the causative agent of hare treponematosis (Treponema paraluisleporidarum ecovar Lepus, TPeL) using two serological tests for human syphilis that cross-react with TPeL: the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. To account for the imperfect diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each test, apparent prevalence estimates of TPeL were converted to true prevalence estimates using the Rogan Gladen estimator. The correlation between TPeL true seroprevalence and altitude of sampling areas was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient at three levels of spatial resolution: (1) four groups, each composed of two merged districts, with ≥20 samples collected, differing in their altitude median (206, 348, 495, and 522 m above sea level); (2) separately tested eight districts, where ≥20 samples were collected per district; and (3) 27 groups composed of villages of the same altitude level distributed across the whole dataset. Results One hundred and seven of the 289 samples were seropositive to both tests, the FTA-ABS test was positive for an additional 47 samples. Seropositive samples were found in all 12 districts. True seroprevalence of TPeL in the sampled hares was 52% (95% confidence interval 46 to 58%). A statistically significant negative correlation between TPeL seroprevalence and altitude was identified at the district level (Pearson’s r = − 0.722, p = 0.043). Conclusions Between 2015 and 2017 hare treponematosis was present at a relatively high prevalence in brown hares in all 12 districts in the Czech Republic where sampling was carried out. The seroprevalence of TPeL in brown hares was negatively correlated with the altitude of the areas in which hares were sampled.

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