Prioritizing Zoonotic Diseases: Differences in Perspectives Between Human and Animal Health Professionals in North America

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.

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Climate Change and Zoonoses: A Review of Concepts, Definitions, and Bibliometrics

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020893 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Walter Leal Filho ◽

Linda Ternova ◽

Sanika Arun Parasnis ◽

Marina Kovaleva ◽

Gustavo J. Nagy

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Disease Ecology ◽

One Health ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Animal Health ◽

Emerging Diseases ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

The Usa ◽

Author Keywords ◽

The Uk

Climate change can have a complex impact that also influences human and animal health. For example, climate change alters the conditions for pathogens and vectors of zoonotic diseases. Signs of this are the increasing spread of the West Nile and Usutu viruses and the establishment of new vector species, such as specific mosquito and tick species, in Europe and other parts of the world. With these changes come new challenges for maintaining human and animal health. This paper reports on an analysis of the literature focused on a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database and VOSviewer software for creating visualization maps which identifies the zoonotic health risks for humans and animals caused by climate change. The sources retained for the analysis totaled 428 and different thresholds (N) were established for each item varying from N 5 to 10. The main findings are as follows: First, published documents increased in 2009–2015 peaking in 2020. Second, the primary sources have changed since 2018, partly attributable to the increase in human health concerns due to human-to-human transmission. Third, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, and Germany perform most zoonosis research. For instance, sixty documents and only 17 countries analyzed for co-authorship analysis met the threshold led by the USA; the top four author keywords were “climate change”, “zoonosis”, “epidemiology”, and “one health;” the USA, the UK, Germany, and Spain led the link strength (inter-collaboration); the author keywords showed that 37 out of the 1023 keywords met the threshold, and the authors’ keyword’s largest node of the bibliometric map contains the following: infectious diseases, emerging diseases, disease ecology, one health, surveillance, transmission, and wildlife. Finally, zoonotic diseases, which were documented in the literature in the past, have evolved, especially during the years 2010–2015, as evidenced by the sharp augmentation of publications addressing ad-hoc events and peaking in 2020 with the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Antimicrobial use and practices by animal health professionals in 20 sub-Saharan African countries

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 105212

Author(s):

Stanly Fon Tebug ◽

Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche ◽

Wilfred Angie Abia ◽

Gabriel Teno ◽

Christian Keambou Tiambo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Animal Health ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

African Countries ◽

Sub Saharan

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Hymenolepis diminuta and Rodentolepis nana (Hymenolepididae: Cyclophyllidea) in urban rodents of Gran La Plata: association with socio-environmental conditions

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x17000864 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 549-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Fitte ◽

M.R. Robles ◽

A. Dellarupe ◽

J.M. Unzaga ◽

G.T. Navone

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Animal Health ◽

Rattus Rattus ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

La Plata

AbstractThe aim of this survey was to study two Hymenolepididae species in urban rodents, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, and to analyse factors that favour their presence in the environment and pose a sanitary risk. Hymenolepis diminuta and Rodentolepis nana were found in R. rattus and R. norvegicus in different proportions. Values of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity were recorded, and new morphometric characters were described, adding to previously known information. No significant differences were found. However, the results revealed that there is a tendency for these parasites to develop in areas with deficient socio-structural conditions and in water bodies. This study thereby shows that certain areas on the periphery of the Gran La Plata favour the existence of rodents, which act as sentinels of zoonotic diseases, and stresses the need to take action to minimize them in order to avoid putting human and animal health at risk.

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A history of patient education by health professionals in Europe and North America: From authority to shared decision making education

Patient Education and Counseling ◽

10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 275-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Ciska Hoving ◽

Adriaan Visser ◽

Patricia Dolan Mullen ◽

Bart van den Borne

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Patient Education ◽

North America ◽

Shared Decision Making ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Shared Decision ◽

History Of

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Health Care Providers’ Knowledge and Practice Gap towards Joint Zoonotic Disease Surveillance System: Challenges and Opportunities, Gomma District, Southwest Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/3942672 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Desta Hiko Gemeda ◽

Abiot Girma Sime ◽

Kifle Woldemichael Hajito ◽

Benti Deresa Gelalacha ◽

Wubit Tafese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Animal Health ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Good Opportunity ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Practice Gap ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Background.Health care providers play a crucial role for realization of joint zoonotic diseases surveillance by human and animal health sectors, yet there is limited evidence. Hence, this study aimed to determine knowledge and practice gap of health care providers towards the approach for Rabies and Anthrax in Southwest Ethiopia.Methods.A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 16, 2014, to January 14, 2015. Eligible health care providers were considered for the study. Data were entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results.A total of 323 (92.02%) health care providers participated in the study. Three hundred sixteen (97.8%) of participants reported that both human and animal health sectors can work together for zoonotic diseases while 96.9% of them replied that both sectors can jointly conduct surveillance. One hundred seventeen (36.2%) of them reported that their respective sectors had conducted joint surveillance for zoonotic diseases. Their involvement was, however, limited to joint outbreak response.Conclusion.There is good opportunity in health care providers’ knowledge even though the practice was unacceptably low and did not address all surveillance components. Therefore, formal joint surveillance structure should be in place for optimal implementation of surveillance.

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The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1608853113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (32) ◽

pp. 9033-9038 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Scott Krauss ◽

David E. Stallknecht ◽

Richard D. Slemons ◽

Andrew S. Bowman ◽

Rebecca L. Poulson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

Influenza A ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Animal Health ◽

The United States ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Highly Pathogenic

One of the major unresolved questions in influenza A virus (IAV) ecology is exemplified by the apparent disappearance of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8 (H5Nx) viruses containing the Eurasian hemagglutinin 2.3.4.4 clade from wild bird populations in North America. The introduction of Eurasian lineage HP H5 clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 IAV and subsequent reassortment with low-pathogenic H?N2 and H?N1 North American wild bird-origin IAVs in late 2014 resulted in widespread HP H5Nx IAV infections and outbreaks in poultry and wild birds across two-thirds of North America starting in November 2014 and continuing through June 2015. Although the stamping out strategies adopted by the poultry industry and animal health authorities in Canada and the United States—which included culling, quarantining, increased biosecurity, and abstention from vaccine use—were successful in eradicating the HP H5Nx viruses from poultry, these activities do not explain the apparent disappearance of these viruses from migratory waterfowl. Here we examine current and historical aquatic bird IAV surveillance and outbreaks of HP H5Nx in poultry in the United States and Canada, providing additional evidence of unresolved mechanisms that restrict the emergence and perpetuation of HP avian influenza viruses in these natural reservoirs.

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Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. e0008100

Author(s):

Mohammed Ibrahim ◽

Esther Schelling ◽

Jakob Zinsstag ◽

Jan Hattendorf ◽

Emawayish Andargie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Q Fever ◽

Animal Health ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Somali Region ◽

The Individual

Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle Woreda of the Somali Region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9–15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 46.0–65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5–55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0–33.2) in sheep. In humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4–34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24.2% in females (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.6–2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated with age (OR = 8.1; 95% CI 2.8–23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% CI 8.7–18.8) in humans, 17.9% (95% CI 11.0–27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8–50.7) in camels, 6.3% (95% CI 3.3–11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7–11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity of both Q-fever and RVF. Only a weak correlation was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.8(0.9–6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2–5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–3.2) in camels. This study showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali Region and is the first published study to describe RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Even though human exposure to RVF virus was reported, public health sector of Somali Region has not given attention to such zoonoses. Collaboration between public and animal health sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable.

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