ESTIMATION OF EXHAUST SHIP EMISSION FROM MARINE TRAFFIC IN THE STRAITS OF SINGAPORE AND BATAM WATERWAYS USING AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) DATA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Saputra ◽  
Mufti Fathonah Muvariz ◽  
Sapto Wiratno Satoto ◽  
Jaswar Koto
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Ship Emission

This study focuses on the Strait of Singapore and Batam Waterways area because it is one of the world’s most congested straits used for international shipping. The study aims to estimate exhaust gas emission and the concentration of emission to several areas around the strait. This is accomplished by evaluating the density of shipping lanes in the strait by using the data which obtained by Automatic Identification System (AIS). MEET methodology is used to estimate emissions from ships. There were 1269 total number of ships through the strait on September 27, 2014 at 06.00 am-08.00 am produces total exhaust emission for NOx, CO, CO2, VOC, PM and SOx were about 12595.35 g/second (15.99%), 25725.19 g/second (32.66%), 11832.31 g/second (15.02%), 5973.23 g/second (7.58%), 443.71 g/second, (0.56%), 22185.57 g/second (28.17%), respectively. The ships under the Singapore flag contribute approximately 22.78% of total emissions in the Strait of Singapore and Batam Waterways followed by Panama, Indonesia and Malaysia 14.47%, 3.67%, 1.91%, respectively. Based on the total emission rates hips under Indonesia and Malaysia rank of seventh and eighth respectively.

scholarly journals Estimating the Speed of Ice-Going Ships by Integrating SAR Imagery and Ship Data from an Automatic Identification System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Similä ◽  
Mikko Lensu
Keyword(s):  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Ice Drift ◽  
Random Forest Tree ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Sar Imagery

The automatic identification system (AIS) was developed to support the safety of marine traffic. In ice-covered seas, the ship speeds extracted from AIS data vary with ice conditions that are simultaneously reflected by features in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this study, the speed variation was related to the SAR features and the results were applied to generate a chart of expected speeds from the SAR image. The study was done in the Gulf of Bothnia in March 2013 for ships with ice class IA Super that are able to navigate without icebreaker assistance. The speeds were normalized to dimensionless units ranging from 0 to 10 for each ship. As the matching between AIS and SAR was complicated by ice drift during the time gap (from hours to two days), we calculated a set of local statistical SAR features over several scales. Random forest tree regression was used to estimate the speed. The accuracy was quantified by mean squared error and by the fraction of estimates close to the actual speeds. These depended strongly on the route and the day. The error varied from 0.4 to 2.7 units2 for daily routes. Sixty-five percent of the estimates deviated by less than one speed unit and 82% by less than 1.5 speed units from the AIS speeds. The estimated daily mean speeds were close to the observations. The largest speed decreases were provided by the estimator in a dampened form or not at all. This improved when the ice chart thickness was included as a predictor.

scholarly journals Influence of the dilution factor on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results obtained during testing on the chassis dynamometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szczotka ◽  
Bartosz Puchałka ◽  
Piotr Bielaczyc ◽  
Borys Adamiak
Keyword(s):  
Large Impact ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Dilution Factor ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission

Exhaust emission measurements on the chassis dynamometer are one of the most important and most complex tests which are performed on vehicles powered by combustion engines. The sample and dilution system (CVS - Constant Volume Sampling) belongs to the most important parts of the exhaust emission laboratory, and has a large impact on the accuracy of the results obtained. In this paper, the influence of the dilution factor (i.e. parameter changed by means of the CVS system, depending on the emission level and engine displacement of the test vehicle) on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results is analysed.

scholarly journals Household Biomass Gas Stove Performance and Exhaust Gas Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
S N Jansri ◽  
M Kumpanalaisatit ◽  
T Sataklang
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Secondary Air

This work focuses on the design of the household biomass gas stove which is suitable for the lifestyle of the Thai northern people. In addition, the performance and exhaust emission of the stove - updraft gasifier - was design per the community requirement were evaluated. The stove consists of a combustion chamber – a primary chamber - and a secondary chamber with the primary and secondary air inlet of 0.016 and 0.002 m2, respectively. Moreover, the flow rate of primary air and secondary air was 0.456 and 1.340 kg/s, respectively. The performance of the stove was analyzed by the water boiling test technique and the emission of exhaust gas was evaluated with a fuel gas analyzer. The result indicated that the thermal efficiency of the stove was 44.84%. The specific fuel consumption was 0.029 kg/kg of water. Comparing the designed stove with the traditional clay brazier stove, the performance of the designed stove was higher than the traditional stove. The emission comparison between the designed household biomass gas stove, the traditional stove and the Thai exhaust gas emission standard indicated that both stoves released NOx and SO2 which are less than the standard whereas CO emission of the designed stove conformed to the standard. This work confirmed that the efficiency and the exhaust gas emission of the designed stove are better than the traditional stove. Therefore, this household biomass gas stove could replace the conventional stove

scholarly journals Inland port vessel emissions inventory based on Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model–Automatic Identification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401771287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jian Gu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yiqiang Peng ◽  
Xiaojing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Model ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ship Emission

The designation of ship emission control areas in China evidenced increased attention to ship emissions. Ships calling ports along inland waterways are of particular concern as their emissions exacerbate air pollution in nearby cities. Adapting the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model to the local context, this study combines data from Automatic Identification System, vessel profile database, and field investigation results to build a “bottom-up” activity-based inventory of ship emissions. The Nanjing Longtan Container Port was taken as a case study. Results show that total ship emissions for PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and CO2 in 2014 are 3.45, 2.76, 196.00, 2.90, 20.62, 8.13, and 12,554.29 t, respectively. Accordingly, ship emission reduction measures were proposed based on the analysis of emission characteristics. The methods and conclusions of the study provide a scientific basis for the inventory and control of the ship emissions in China.

scholarly journals Spider Web Shape of Brass Catalytic Converter for Reducing Exhaust Gas Emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Heni Hendaryati ◽  
Ali Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission

The rapid increase of the number of motor vehicles, especially motorcycles, makes serious problem caused by the pollution from gas emission of fossil fuel combustion. The problems related to human health and the erosion on ozone layer is credited to its gas emission. Several dangerous and toxic gasses such as Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), and Lead (Pb) are emitted during IC engine operation.To manage those dangerous gasses, catalytic converter which converts the gasses into more eco-friendly CO2H2O and N2 may be employed. In this research, a specially designed catalytic converter made from brass (CuZn) wire in the form of spider web pattern was fitted into exhaust system of a standard motorcycle. The performance of the converter for several engine rotation speeds was examined by measuring CO and HC of exhaust by using Gas Analyzer.By comparing the exhaust of a standard exhaust system and modified exhaust system (fitted with converter), it can be concluded that the converter was able to decrease the exhaust emission gas. For HC content, the percentage of decrease was as much as 36,88 % for converter fitted exhaust system compared to 61.12% for standard one. For CO content, the decrease percentage was 19.90% compared to 80.10% for standard one.

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