Addition of Tithonia Compost and Lime as Ultisol Soil Fertility Improvement for Oil Palm Sedling Media

Research to improve soil fertility, especially the chemical characteristics of Ultisol, has been carried out by adding compost and lime. The incubation method of soil plus compost at a dose of 0.5 kg/pot – 2 kg/pot and 1x exchanged Al lime was carried out for 2 weeks. The results of soil nutrient analysis after incubation were an increase in pH of 0.58 points, a decrease in exchanged Al to unmeasured, an increase in the C-organic content of the soil by 3.44%, an increase in the total N-value of the soil by 0.19%, an increase in the amount of soil organic matter. P-available was 5.81 ppm and exchanged K soil increased by 0.02 me/100 g soil. Likewise, the micro elements analyzed also increase. Thus there is a change in the chemical properties of the soil towards the better. The increase in nutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg clearly comes from tithonia, which is the result of decomposition of tithonia compost which is added containing high nutrients. In addition, tithonia compost produces organic acids that can dissolve previously insoluble nutrients into soluble ones. The improvement of the chemical properties of the soil towards a better direction is expected to be able to increase the growth of oil palm seedlings planted on the seedling medium growing.

Frond Base Fracture and Dynamics of Palm Oil Inflorescence Applied With Different Nutrient Sources

Frond base fracture is an increasingly common phenomenon in oil palm plantations caused by various stress factors. This study aimed to determine the incidence of frond base fracture in the plantation where different nutrient sources were applied (palm oil mill effluent, oil palm EFB, and organic fertilizers) in relation to the dynamics of oil palm inflorescence. The incidence of frond base fracture and the production of male and female inflorescences were observed in 30 sample trees for each nutrient source. Observations were made three times with an interval monthly. To reveal the research objectives, it used descriptive analysis. The results showed that the routine application of POME increased the susceptibility of oil palms to fractured fronds and the sex ratio was higher other than that of EFB; the lowest incidence was found in the palm that was given inorganic fertilizers. frond base fracture trees produced fewer female inflorescence, although the number of male ones did not differ between frond base fracture palm and healthy ones.

The Development of Taro Processed Product in Women Farmers Group in Baru Village, Tabanan Bali Indonesia

The processing of food products during the pandemic is growing rapidly, resulting in processed products that are increasingly diverse and widespread in the market. To empower rural communities by improving knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors, activities and mentoring programs are needed in accordance with the needs of the community. This community service activity was held in the Group of Women's Farmers “Dharma Santi”, Baru Village, Marga Sub district, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. Taro is an untapped commodity in Baru Village. Processing taro into various products such as bread, jam, and noodles have been produced and marketed by Women Farmers Group, but marketing is still limited around the village. Farmers Group does not have adequate entrepreneurship skill, production management, and marketing. The solution to address partner problems is to provide the right technology for processing bread, jam, and taro noodles, equipment assistance, knowledge of packaging and product labeling, marketing, and entrepreneurship. The implementation of community service activities has been running smoothly. The number of participants who participated in the activity was 10 people. Based on the results of the evaluation, this group mastered the technology of making bread, jam, and taro noodles up to 75%. Further help is needed to the group so that more quality bread products, jams, and taro noodles produced have a longer shelf life as well as wider marketing.

Development of Local Functional Food Made of Buffalo Milk Improved with Culture Probiotics (Lactobacillus casei)

The research was conducted to develop functional food products of milk-based livestock origin (Semi hard-type cheese), with the addition of pure culture Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic agent, and citric acid and Mucor meihei as milk coagulants. The research material was semi-hard type cheese made of approximately 35 liters of buffalo milk from West Sumbawa Regency as a basic ingredient with the probiotic pure culture. The results showed that the pure culture of probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) at levels of 10% and 15% can survive and develop quite well in semi-hard cheese during aging, from 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days, respectively (3.79 – 5.92) and (4.91 – 6.31) log cfu g-1. While the 0.025% rennet of the volume of milk from Mucor miehei gives a pretty good result, it can be seen from the product recovery which can reach (34.30 + 0.32) %. During aging for 14 days, an organoleptic quality which includes aroma, color, and texture was getting better, with the criteria of a semi-hard aroma, yellowish-white color, and semi-hard texture. It can be concluded, that semi-hard type cheese can be used as one of the functional foods of probiotic carriers. To get the therapeutic effect, this probiotic should be consumed at least 100 grams per serving.

The Control of Pathogenic Fungi with Trichoderma in Banjar Pinge, Tabanan of Bali Province

Pinge is one of the traditional sub-village (banjar) in Baru Village, Marga Sub district, Tabanan Regency of Bali Province. There are 36% of villagers living below the poverty line where 85% of them are farmers who cultivate fruit and flowers. They have many problems with fruit and flower production as the yields is low due to natural disasters and poor agricultural practice and support. Some flower growers often complain of low flower production, especially Marigold flowers due to the attack of pathogenic fungi that cause flower blight. The solution to solve the problems faced by partners is: by providing Appropriate Technology in the processing of cow dung into compost fertilizer plus trichoderma sp antagonist microorganisms. External targets to be achieved are the use of appropriate technology in the processing technology of cow dung into compost plus Trichoderma sp. Based on the results of activities as much as 70% understand and are able to apply pest and disease control to flowers by utilizing biological agents. Trichoderma can reduce the intensity of disease above the ground by 50.00% and suppress the intensity in the soil by 34.48%. In addition, giving Trichoderma sp. can increase the fresh weight of the plant by up to 30.75%.

Meta-Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Vinegar Produced by the Slow Method and the Fast Method

Volatile compounds are one of the important characteristics of vinegar, where the content and composition of these compounds is an account for the aroma profile of vinegar. The difference in production technology used in making vinegar produces vinegar with different characteristics. There are two general methods commonly used in the production of vinegar, namely the slow method and the fast method. This meta-analysis was used to conclude several studies that examined the differences in volatile compounds in vinegar produced through the slow methods and the fast methods. From this study, it can be seen that comparison of volatile compounds characteristics in vinegar produced by the slow method and the fast method where the slow method tends to produce vinegar with a high concentration of acetate ester group and alcohol group, and the fast method tend to produced vinegar with a high concentration in a volatile acid group.

Potential Analysis of Organic Fertilizer Business Development from Beef Cattle Manure

This study aimed to determine the availability of technical, economic, and social aspects that support the development of organic fertilizer business based on beef cattle manure in Karangtengah Prandon Village, Ngawi District, Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. The research method used interviews, questionnaires, and observation. This study involved 37 respondents who were selected by proportional random sampling technique. The data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis. The results revealed that the availability of technical aspects has a potential of 64.4 percent, the availability of economic aspects has a potential of 62.7 percent, and the availability of social aspects has a potential of 47.9 percent. The most potential factor of technical aspect was the raw material availability in the location. Meanwhile, social factors, such as labor skills and leader community supports need to be increased. Developing a fertilizer business in Karang Tengah Prandon village may be accomplished by empowering farmers to turn fertilizer into a business.

Assistance and Training of Compost Products from Organic Waste at SMA Negeri I Tanjung Raja, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra

The waste problem is never solved. The increase in the amount of waste every day is following the rate of population growth and activities carried out by the community. Tanjung Raja is the oldest district in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. One of the educational facilities in Tanjung Raja is SMA Negeri I Tanjung Raja. Related to school environmental problems, especially to reduce the waste that will be brought to the Landfill, SMA Negeri I Tanjung Raja has not done waste sorting. During this time the garbage collected in the place that has been provided according to its designation will be thrown into the Temporary Landfill. Based on the results of observations and interviews with partners, the PKM activities that will be carried out are processing waste generated from school activities. The activity will be done by sorting the resulting waste, then continued by making compost from the leaves produced in school and also other organic waste into compost. PKM devotional activities have produced compost products from organic materials. Partners have come up with solutions to address the waste generated from daily activities and fallen leaves. The compost produced is economically valuable. This activity can overcome the problem of waste in schools and is also useful in preserving the school environment.

Optimization of temperature and extraction time for the nutritional and phytochemical contents of corn bran with ultrasonic-method

One of the natural antioxidants sources that have the potential to be utilized as raw material for functional food is corn bran. Corn bran is a by-product of the milling process of corn that is gaining attention as a functional food is increasing in recent years. This study aimed to optimize temperature and extraction time for the nutritional and phytochemical contents of corn bran with ultrasonic-method. Optimized Custom Design was applied to investigate the effect of experimental factors on the nutritional and phytochemical contents. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) arranged in-factorial with 3 treatments, namely temperature and time of extraction. Temperature: A1=500C, A2=550C, A3=600C, and A4=650C, and time: B1=10 minutes, B2=15 minutes, B3=20 minutes, and B4=25 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA with a significance level of 95% and then processed with Software DX13.0 ® program. The results of the research show the formula of the experiment which is optimal at a temperature of 500C and 10 minutes. In this condition, the result is the yield at 38.34%, nutritional contents (water at 9.17%; ash at 0.33%; fat at 1.33%, protein at 4.40%, carbohydrates at 85.47%; and crude fiber at 1.88%. produce yield 38.34%, and phytochemical contents (total phenols at 1778.07 µg GAE/g. flavonoids at 92.11 µg GAE/g, vitamin C at 5.84 mg, antioxidant activity at 43.33%, and tannins at 0.11%). This study implies that there is an increase in added value from the conversion of corn bran into nutrient-rich products and has a promising phytochemical content.

Local Wisdom of Balinese People Managing Water in Tirta (Holy Water) Concept

Water is a source of life on the surface of the earth because it becomes a necessity for every organism. The need for water continues to increase, but the availability of clean water continues to decrease. Efforts to preserve important water sources are made to meet current and future water needs. Hindus in Bali have long practiced water resources conservation and managing water quality through various forms of local wisdom. Local wisdom is passed down through generations of routine activities in daily life. Water as a gift because it gives life is placed as a holy one which is then referred to as holy water or tirta. The use of tirta in various ceremonial activities causes Hinduism in Bali to be often identified with tirta religion. For Balinese people, water is a symbol of Vishnu which is a manifestation of God as the preserver of world life. Positioning water as a sacred thing has the meaning of obligation to maintain the quality and quantity of water to be maintained. Positioning the water source as a sacred area is also a form of effort to protect the springs to avoid pollution. The ceremony of mendak tirta and mendak toya became a form of local wisdom on the procedures of water use and efficient use of water. The concept of nyegara-Gunung (sea-mountain) is one of the proofs that Balinese Hindus commit to maintaining the hydrological cycle, so that life is maintained.